CN107036917B - The Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency - Google Patents
The Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency, test method of the present invention is that the prefabricated circular hole rock matter thin plate being pressurized by the impact bar high-speed impact in Hopkinson bar unloads to simulate the ultrahigh speed of tunnel excavation face surrouding rock stress, the transient state of research rock mass is crisp to prolong transfer characteristic, to evaluate rock burst Burst Tendency.The method of the present invention can realize the ultrahigh speed unloading of 10-100MPa/s, and far superior to existing true/false three axis rock test system, the system uninstallation rate are less than 1Mpa/s at present.This pilot system can directly reproduce during blasting rock-broken that rock transient state is crisp to prolong switching kinetics phenomenon, quantitatively acquire the Rock burst proneness index of rock under the conditions of different stress and rate of debarkation；It the composite can be widely applied to that hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, traffic, mine, the transient state of country rock is crisp in national strategy protection and the fields yield of deep-buried cavities such as deep Fundamental Physics Experiments prolongs switching kinetics characteristic and the evaluation of rock burst Burst Tendency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency, are suitable for simulation water conservancy and hydropower
Country rock in the fields yield of deep-buried cavities digging process such as engineering, traffic, mine, national strategy protection and deep Fundamental Physics Experiments
Transient state under transient state unloading condition is crisp to prolong switching kinetics characteristic and rock burst Burst Tendency.
Background technique
China is the first in the world energy-consuming state, and 80% coal of non-renewable energy provides.To guarantee national energy and environment
Safety, 13 periods, China put newly-increased conventional hydropower 60,000,000 kw of installation, China western part into operation a batch using deep successively
Bury the large-scale hydropower complex of diversion tunnel and underground power house.Great burying, high-ground stress be the buried engineering in Southwestern China area most
Big feature.Such as the 4 diversion tunnel maximum buried depth 2525m of Jinping hydropower station to go into operation are completed, survey maximum principal stress
About 42MPa predicts that the maximum principal stress on canal axes reaches 72MPa；It is located in the Motuo power station of the big turn in the Yarlung Zangbo River, draws
Water tunnel buried depth reaches 4000m, and crustal stress is more than 100MPa；Meanwhile the construction of China's traffic tunnel, mining deposits exploitation also enter
The cutting depth of 1000~2000m.These engineerings be both needed under complicated geological and large ground pressure carry out high rock slope,
Extensive, the high-intensitive pledge excavation of large-span underground chamber group or overlength deep-lying tunnel.
Rock burst Burst Tendency is the build-in attribute of rock, is rock hair when suffered stress reaches capacity stress state
A possibility that raw rock burst.In buried hard rock mass, high-ground stress assigns the higher elastic strain energy of rock mass, by excavation off-load
It influences, can be generated near the wall of hole in stress collection and strain energy clustering phenomena, when the limit that the strain energy of aggregation is more than rock mass is stored up
When depositing energy, energy discharges suddenly, and causing hole wall, nearby part rock mass ejects suddenly, fiercely from parent rock, this rock mass
Power destruction phenomenon is exactly rock burst.Rock burst is as a kind of typical manual-induced Power geological disaster.From an energy point of view, rock
Quick-fried forming process is energy in rock mass from release is stored into until finally making the process of rock mass damage disengaging parent rock.Rock burst is
No generation and its apparent form depend primarily on enough energy whether are stored in rock mass, if having the condition to release energy
And exergonic mode.Domestic and foreign scholars show that corresponding Rock burst proneness refers to by carrying out extensive rock burst characteristic research
Mark.Kidbinski carries out rock and adds unloading test, obtains the load-deformation curve of rock, by the bullet of experimentation unloading release
Property the ratio between strain energy and the elastic strain energy of consume be defined as elastic deformation energy index, elastic deformation energy index is bigger, rock burst punching
It is bigger to hit tendentiousness；Goodman carries out resultant stress-strain experiment of rock on rigidity matching, is answered according to gained resultant stress-
Varied curve defines before peak value under load-deformation curve after area and peak value area ratio under load-deformation curve, proposes rock
Impact energy index, rock impact energy index is bigger, and Rock burst proneness is more obvious.Tang Lizhong etc. is by analyzing typical griotte
Add unloading and whole English teaching, according to energy variation of rock during deformation and failure, proposition is referred to dump energy
The energy storage of number characterization rock and the relativeness of energy dissipation, and thus it is used as Rock burst proneness index.
The crisp of deep rock mass prolongs transfer characteristic to the energy storage characteristic of deep rock and excavates response with great influence.Rock
Different mechanical characteristics is shown under different confining pressures, by taking griotte as an example, confining pressure within the scope of low confining pressure, griotte rock sample
Brittleness is more significant, and stress-strain diagram falls rapidly after reaching intensity peak；After confining pressure reaches certain magnitude, rock sample is answered
There is apparent ductile characteristic in stress-strain curve, does not fall rapidly after stress to reach to peak value, and axial stress is kept for a period of time
Constant, axial strain, lateral strain continue growing, and after confining pressure is more than 12MPa, intensity curve will be more than until plastic deformation
5 ‰ just occur obviously falling；After confining pressure is more than 18MPa, the ductile characteristic of country rock is more significant, starts ductility occur to plasticity spy
Sign conversion.
More at present be directed under static or quasi-static unloading condition studies rock burst Burst Tendency, opens when into deep rock mass
When digging, excavates rock mass and bear high-ground stress, excavate off-load, strong power disturbance coupling, it is necessary to consider that deep underground chamber exists
Under the conditions of dynamic offloading, the crisp delay characteristics of rock mass change, and then study the rock burst Burst Tendency under moving load condition.
The present invention reaches simulation water conservancy water by proposing the Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency a kind of
Different initial stress states and different rate of debarkation items in the yield of deep-buried cavities digging process of the fields such as electrical engineering, traffic, mine
The Burst Tendency of the lower rock burst of part, it is simple and practical, and can be verified with the result of more theory analysis and numerical simulation.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming of the methods of the theory analysis of rock burst Burst Tendency, numerical simulation, the present invention is by voluntarily
Experimental study rock burst Burst Tendency in the prefabricated circular hole of pressed thin plate-rock plug punching transient state relief chamber is designed, simple process can be grasped
The property made is strong, data are easy to handle.
A kind of Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, prefabricated rock matter thin plate and rock plug, are implemented as follows:
Intact rock is taken from the deep cavern scene that rock burst may occur, by cutting process production N set size and material
Identical rock sample, every set rock sample are made of rock matter thin plate and rock plug, it is desirable that made rock matter thin plate test specimen is compact and complete, section
For rectangle, it then is drilled with the circular hole that diameter is D1 in rock matter thin plate center, is avoided during being drilled with circular hole thin to rock mass
Plate causes to damage；It is required that made rock plug is column and the value of a diameter of D2, D2 ratio D1 big Δ d, Δ d are can make rock
It fills in the circular hole of rock matter thin plate and generates subject to erection stress；Rock plug is consistent with rock matter light sheet material；
Step 2, assembly rock plug and installation foil gauge, are implemented as follows:
I-th set of rock sample, i=1, i=1 are taken, the circular hole of rock matter thin plate is stoppered with rock plug, makes rock matter thin plate by 2,3 ..., N
The partial assembled prestressing force of Ju You≤0.5MPa before not applying initial load；Then it is installed on the one of face of rock matter thin plate
At least two panels foil gauge, these foil gauges surround rock matter thin plate center arrangement, foil gauge are connected to data acquisition test system,
The system is mainly made of dynamic measuring instrument and light oscillograph, moving when measuring the unloading of circular rock transient state
Strain and stress；
Step 3 applies initial load, is implemented as follows:
Apply evenly load in the above-mentioned rock matter thin plate surrounding for being equipped with foil gauge, after Stress relief and balance, disappears
Except rock matter thin plate partial assembled prestressing force, quasi-uniform stress field is formed in rock matter thin plate, simulates the initial of deep cavern country rock
Stress state；
Then apply initial load P in the upper and lower side of the rock matter thin plate1, P1Value range is 1-100MPa, in its left and right
Side applies initial load P2, P2Value is P1-(i-1)P0, i=1,2,3 ..., N, P0For 5-10MPa；
After the completion of step 4, data acquisition test system debug and rock sample load, the impact in Hopkinson bar is utilized
Bar impacts preassembled rock plug, and rock plug high speed flies out, and realizes the transient state unloading of circular rock, rate of debarkation is made to reach 10-
100MPa/s；
Step 5 separately takes a set of rock sample, repeats the above steps two to four, changes the initial load and impact bar of rock matter thin plate
Impact speed, change the rate of debarkation of the adjustable rock sample thin plate of impact speed of impact bar, until obtain N set rock sample rock
Stone strain-stress relation；
Step 6: the rock stress-strain stress relation obtained according to experiment quantitatively calculates the Rock burst proneness index of rock.
In the above method, made rock gauge of sheet is 5-10cm, and rock matter thin plate center hole diameter D1 is 4-
6cm, Δ d value are 0.1-0.2cm.
In the above method, 5 sets of rock samples, the initial load P of every set rock sample are made1/P260MPa/60MPa, 60MPa/ are taken respectively
50MPa,60MPa/40MPa,60MPa/20MPa,60MPa/10MPa。
In the above method, rock matter thin plate upper and lower side is parallel, left and right side is parallel, nonparallelism < 0.05mm；Rock matter thin plate
Upper and lower side is axial parallel with the circular hole of rock matter thin plate with the axial parallel, left and right side of the circular hole of rock matter thin plate, maximum inclined
Difference is no more than 0.25 °；All lateral positions of rock matter thin plate pat whole.
In the above method, the foil gauge is uniformly distributed around rock matter thin plate center.
The Burst Tendency of rock burst is the build-in attribute of rock mass.When Underground Engineering Excavation, the Burst Tendency of rock burst and hole
Energy variation in the surrounding rock body of room is closely bound up.I.e. the original elastic strain energy of rock mass storage forms macroscopic view in driving rock mass and splits
Whether there are also sufficient energy to form rock burst after line.It is unloaded, can be studied not by the transient state of rock matter thin plate circular rock mass
Under the conditions of rate of debarkation and primary stress, the transient state of rock sample thin plate is crisp to prolong transfer characteristic, and then studies when rock sample is shown not
With mechanical characteristic when, rock sample store energy variation relation.The initial load P applied1/P2Proportionate relationship and adjust punching
Hit bar impact speed can simulate underground engineering construction during, when country rock initial stress state and country rock transient state unload speed
When rate difference, the difference for the rock burst Burst Tendency that rock mass is shown.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have following features and the utility model has the advantages that
(1) the crisp simulation for prolonging transfer characteristic of rock transient state directly can be realized using experiment equipment in laboratory, and then study
Rock burst Burst Tendency, it is simple and easy to do；
(2) by the test and analysis of long-term system, experimental data base can be established, obtains the lithology, initial of rock sample thin plate
The relationship of stress state and rate of debarkation and rock burst Burst Tendency；
(3) intuitive, measurement of full field；
(4) it by dynamic response test macro, more can accurately obtain in rock matter thin plate ultra-high speed transient uninstall process
Strain-stress relation had great advantages compared with field test.
By the curves of stress-strain relationship under ultrahigh speed unloading condition, it can quantitatively acquire different stress and unload
The Rock burst proneness index for carrying rock under rate conditions, provides reference frame for the prediction and prevention and treatment of rock burst in work progress.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is inventive embodiments structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is rock of embodiment of the present invention matter sheet model schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that rock of embodiment of the present invention matter thin plate A-A section is punched front and back schematic diagram, and (a) is before being punched；It (b) is punching
Afterwards.
In figure: 1 is rock matter thin plate, and 2 be prefabricated rock plug, and 3 be fixed bracket, and 4 be foil gauge, and 5 be impact bar, and 6 be initial
Load P1, 7 be initial load P2, 8 be prefabricated circular hole, and 9 be rock matter thin plate A-A section.
Specific embodiment
1-3 below by way of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment one:
Main device needed for test: rock matter thin plate, prefabricated rock plug, fixed bracket, data acquisition test system, impact
The positional relationship of bar, each component is as shown in Fig. 1.The present embodiment is to simulate Rock burst proneness in certain deep-lying tunnel digging process
Example.
A kind of Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, prefabricated rock matter thin plate and rock plug, are implemented as follows:
Intact rock is taken from the deep cavern scene that rock burst may occur, makes 5 sets of sizes and material by cutting process
Identical rock sample, every set rock sample are made of rock matter thin plate and rock plug, it is desirable that made rock matter thin plate test specimen is compact and complete, section
For rectangle, with a thickness of 5cm, it is desirable that rock matter thin plate upper and lower side is parallel, left and right side is parallel and nonparallelism < 0.05mm, rock matter
The axial parallel, left and right side of thin plate upper and lower side and the circular hole of rock matter thin plate is parallel with the axial direction of the circular hole of rock matter thin plate and most
Large deviation is no more than 0.25 °, and all lateral positions of rock matter thin plate pat whole；Then being drilled with diameter in rock matter thin plate center is
The circular hole of 5cm avoids causing to damage to rock mass thin plate during being drilled with circular hole；It is required that made rock plug is column and it is straight
Diameter is D2, and the big Δ d of D2 ratio D1, Δ d value is 0.1-0.2cm, and the value of Δ d is can make rock plug fill in the circular hole of rock matter thin plate
It is interior and generate subject to erection stress；Rock plug is consistent with rock matter light sheet material；
Step 2, assembly rock plug and installation foil gauge, are implemented as follows:
Take i-th set of rock sample, i=1,2 ..., 5, the circular hole of rock matter thin plate is stoppered with rock plug, is applying rock matter thin plate not
The partial assembled prestressing force of Ju You≤0.5MPa before initial load；Then at least two panels is installed on the one of face of rock matter thin plate
Foil gauge, these foil gauges are evenly arranged around rock matter thin plate center, foil gauge are connected to data acquisition test system, this is
System is mainly made of dynamic measuring instrument and light oscillograph, to measure the dynamic strain when unloading of circular rock transient state
And stress；
Step 3 applies initial load, is implemented as follows:
Apply evenly load in the rock matter thin plate surrounding of above-mentioned i-th set of rock sample, after Stress relief and balance, eliminates rock
Matter thin plate partial assembled prestressing force forms quasi-uniform stress field in rock matter thin plate, simulates the primary stress of deep cavern country rock
State；
Then apply initial load P in the upper and lower side of the rock matter thin plate of i-th set of rock sample1, P1Value is 60MPa, at it
Left and right side applies initial load P2, P2Value is P1-(i-1)P0, i=1,2 ..., 5, P0For 10MPa；
After the completion of step 4, data acquisition test system debug and rock sample load, the impact in Hopkinson bar is utilized
Bar impacts preassembled rock plug, and rock plug high speed flies out, and realizes the transient state unloading of circular rock, rate of debarkation is made to reach 10-
100MPa/s；
Step 5 separately takes a set of rock sample, repeats the above steps two to four, changes the initial load and impact bar of rock matter thin plate
Impact speed, change the rate of debarkation of the adjustable rock sample thin plate of impact speed of impact bar, until obtain all 5 sets of rock samples
Rock stress-strain stress relation；
Step 6: the rock stress-strain stress relation obtained according to experiment quantitatively calculates the Rock burst proneness index of rock.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, prefabricated rock matter thin plate and rock plug, are implemented as follows:
Intact rock is taken from the deep cavern scene that rock burst may occur, it is identical with material by cutting process production N set size
Rock sample, every set rock sample is made of rock matter thin plate and rock plug, it is desirable that made rock matter thin plate test specimen is compact and complete, and section is square
Shape；Then it is drilled with the circular hole that diameter is D1 in rock matter thin plate center, avoids making rock mass thin plate during being drilled with circular hole
At damage；It is required that made rock plug is column and the value of a diameter of D2, D2 ratio D1 big Δ d, Δ d are can make rock plug plug
Enter in the circular hole of rock matter thin plate and generates subject to erection stress；Rock plug is consistent with rock matter light sheet material；
Step 2, assembly rock plug and installation foil gauge, are implemented as follows:
I-th set of rock sample, i=1, i=1 are taken, the circular hole of rock matter thin plate is stoppered with rock plug, makes rock matter thin plate not by 2,3 ..., N
The partial assembled prestressing force of Ju You≤0.5MPa before application initial load；Then it is installed at least on the one of face of rock matter thin plate
Two panels foil gauge, these foil gauges surround rock matter thin plate center arrangement, foil gauge are connected to data acquisition test system, this is
System is mainly made of dynamic measuring instrument and light oscillograph, to measure the dynamic strain when unloading of circular rock transient state
And stress；
Step 3 applies initial load, is implemented as follows:
Apply evenly load in the above-mentioned rock matter thin plate surrounding for being equipped with foil gauge, after Stress relief and balance, eliminates rock
Matter thin plate partial assembled prestressing force forms quasi-uniform stress field in rock matter thin plate, simulates the primary stress of deep cavern country rock
State；
Then apply initial load P in the upper and lower side of the rock matter thin plate1, P1Value range is 1-100MPa, in its left and right side
Apply initial load P2, P2Value is P1-(i-1)P0, i=1,2,3 ..., N, P0For 5-10MPa；
After the completion of step 4, data acquisition test system debug and rock sample load, rushed using the impact bar in Hopkinson bar
Preassembled rock plug is hit, rock plug high speed flies out, and realizes the transient state unloading of circular rock, rate of debarkation is made to reach 10-
100MPa/s；
Step 5 separately takes a set of rock sample, repeats the above steps two to four, changes the initial load of rock matter thin plate and rushing for impact bar
Rate is hit, the rate of debarkation of the adjustable rock sample thin plate of impact speed of impact bar is changed, until the rock for obtaining N set rock sample is answered
Power-strain stress relation；
Step 6: the rock stress-strain stress relation obtained according to experiment quantitatively calculates the Rock burst proneness index of rock.
2. a kind of Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Made rock gauge of sheet is 5-10cm, and rock matter thin plate center hole diameter D1 is 4-6cm, and Δ d value is
0.1-0.2cm。
3. a kind of Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Make 5 sets of rock samples, the initial load P of every set rock sample1/P260MPa/60MPa, 60MPa/50MPa, 60MPa/ are taken respectively
40MPa,60MPa/20MPa,60MPa/10MPa。
4. a kind of Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Rock matter thin plate upper and lower side is parallel, left and right side is parallel, nonparallelism < 0.05mm；Rock matter thin plate upper and lower side and rock matter
The axial parallel, left and right side of the circular hole of thin plate is axial parallel with the circular hole of rock matter thin plate, and maximum deviation is no more than 0.25 °；
All lateral positions of rock matter thin plate pat whole.
5. a kind of Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The foil gauge is uniformly distributed around rock matter thin plate center.
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