CN115530176B - 一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂 - Google Patents
一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药技术领域，具体涉及一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂。一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌组合物，其有效成分由咪鲜胺或溴菌腈与伞形花内酯复配而成；所述咪鲜胺与伞形花内酯的质量比为1‑30：10‑1；所述溴菌腈与伞形花内酯的质量比为1‑4：9‑1。本发明组合物中的有效成分咪鲜胺或溴菌腈与伞形花内酯复配后具有很好的协同增效作用，尤其溴菌腈和伞形花内酯以1：3的质量比复配时，共毒系数达到了863.94，增效作用尤其显著，可以提高油梨炭疽病的防治效果，基于此可以减少农药施用剂量，减少防治成本，降低油梨果实中的农药残留，为开发新型化学药剂提供支持。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域，具体涉及一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂。
背景技术
油梨又称牛油果、鳄梨，在我国广东、广西、海南、台湾及四川等地都有栽培。油梨是一种新兴的营养保健水果，果肉色黄，风味独特，富含多种维生素、不饱和脂肪、高蛋白质、低糖和钠、钾、镁等矿物营养。油梨炭疽病是油梨种植过程中由胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichumgloeosporioidespenz.)引起的病害，其可以危害植株花、果、叶片及树枝，果实受害最为严重，影响油梨果实的产量。
现阶段对油梨炭疽病的防治措施以喷施化学药剂为主，但由于化学药剂的长期使用，油梨炭疽病对现有多种常规杀菌剂已产生了不同程度的抗药性，导致其防治效果降低。同时由于高强度的使用化学药剂，导致了环境污染、农药残留和防治成本增加等问题。
伞形花内酯(CAS号：93-35-6)，又称伞形酮、7-羟香豆素、7-羟熏草素，分子式：C9H6O3，结构式：
伞形花内酯为白色针状结晶，易溶于醇、氯仿和乙酸，溶于稀碱液，微溶于沸水，难溶于醚。伞形花内酯存在于伞形科植物胡萝卜的根、豆科植物多变小冠花的种子以及芸香科植物芸香全草中，具有抗菌、降压和抗癌的作用。在现有技术中也有报道伞形花内酯可用于防治农作物病虫害。申请号CN2021111420526.1，就公开了一种有效防控甘薯地下害虫的制剂及其制备方法，其以伞形花内酯为有效成分，通过负载于萤石表面的负载方式获得制剂，可有效防控甘薯地下害虫。另外，申请号CN201010212513.0，也公开了一种伞形花内酯植物杀真菌剂及用途，其将伞形花内酯用二甲苯溶解，在其中再加入乳化剂，即可用于杀菌，并具体公开了伞形花内酯对草莓灰霉病菌、桃褐腐病菌、棉花红腐病菌以及辣椒炭疽病菌等多种病原菌具有抑制作用。
将不同农药有效成分进行复配是目前研制农药新产品和防治抗性病菌的一种有效快捷的方式。筛选具增效作用的复配农药，能够明显提高防治效果，降低农药使用量，降低防治成本，延缓病菌抗性产生和减少对环境。发明人通过室内试验发现咪鲜胺或溴菌腈与伞形花内酯复配时具有增效作用，目前还没有见到相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌剂，可以提高对油梨炭疽病的防治效果，可以为开发新型化学药剂提供支持。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌组合物，其有效成分由咪鲜胺或溴菌腈与伞形花内酯复配而成。
作为优选，所述咪鲜胺与伞形花内酯的质量比为1-30：10-1。
作为优选，所述溴菌腈与伞形花内酯的质量比为1-4：9-1。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种包含所述杀菌组合物的杀菌剂，所述有效成分的质量占所述杀菌剂总质量的0.5％-75％，其余为农药学上可接受的助剂。
作为优选，所述杀菌剂的剂型为可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、水乳剂、微乳剂或悬浮剂。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种所述杀菌剂在防治油梨炭疽病中的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明组合物中的有效成分咪鲜胺或溴菌腈与伞形花内酯复配后具有很好的协同增效作用，尤其溴菌腈和伞形花内酯以1：3的质量比复配时，共毒系数达到了863.94，增效作用尤其显著，可以提高油梨炭疽病的防治效果，基于此可以减少农药施用剂量，减少防治成本，降低油梨果实中的农药残留，为开发新型化学药剂提供支持。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例：油梨炭疽病防治药剂筛选
试验对象：胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides penz.)，采自受胶孢炭疽菌侵染的油梨果实，在实验室内按常规组织分离法纯化得到，保存于PDA培养基上。
供试药剂：95％咪鲜胺原药(吉林乐斯药业有限公司)、95％溴菌腈原药(江苏托球农化股份有限公司)、98％伞形花内酯原药(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司)。
试验方法：(参考《NY/T 1156.2-2006农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第2部分：抑制病原真菌菌丝生长试验平皿法》)
1.将原药用二甲基亚砜溶解，用0.1％吐温-80的水溶液稀释分别配制单剂母液，设置多组配比，各单剂及每组配比混剂设置7个梯度质量浓度。
2.将预先融化的PDA培养基9mL加入无菌锥形瓶中，从低浓度和高浓度依次定量吸取药液1mL，分别加入上述锥形瓶中，充分摇匀。然后等量导入3个直径为9cm的培养皿中，制成相应浓度的含药平板；并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照，每个处理3个重复。
3.在扩繁后的胶孢炭疽菌菌落上用打孔器取直径5mm的菌饼，接种含药平板和空白对照平板中央，于相对湿度70％，温度28℃的光照培养箱中培养。
4.培养4d后，用十字交叉法测量菌落直径，计算不同处理对菌丝生长抑制率。以药剂对数值为自变量，菌丝生长抑制率几率值为因变量，运动DPS软件进行分析，得出毒力回归方程及药剂对靶标病菌的毒力EC50值，并根据孙云沛法计算共毒系数(CTC)。
D＝D1-D2，其中，D为菌落增长直径；D1为菌落直径；D2为菌饼直径；
I＝[(D0-Dt)÷D0]×100，其中，I为菌丝生长抑制率(％)；D0为空白对照菌落增长直径；Dt为药剂处理菌落增长直径；
实测毒力指数(ATI)＝(标准药剂EC50÷供试药剂EC50)×100；
理论毒力指数(TTI)＝A药剂毒力指数×混剂中A的百分含量+B药剂毒力指数×混剂中B的百分含量；
共毒系数(CTC)＝[混剂实测毒力指数(ATI)÷混剂理论毒力指数(TTI)]×100。
按照联合作用划分标准：共毒系数(CTC)≥120表现为增效作用；共毒系数(CTC)≤80表现为拮抗作用；80<共毒系数(CTC)<120表现为相加作用。实验结果见表1-2。
表1咪鲜胺和伞形花内酯复配对油梨炭疽病病原菌的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 咪鲜胺 | 46.35 | 100.00 | -- | -- |
| 伞形花内酯 | 24.71 | 187.58 | -- | -- |
| 咪鲜胺1：伞形花内酯10 | 20.62 | 224.78 | 179.61 | 125.15 |
| 咪鲜胺1：伞形花内酯5 | 17.52 | 264.55 | 172.98 | 152.94 |
| 咪鲜胺1：伞形花内酯3 | 10.30 | 450.00 | 165.68 | 271.60 |
| 咪鲜胺1：伞形花内酯1 | 24.74 | 187.35 | 143.79 | 130.29 |
| 咪鲜胺3：伞形花内酯1 | 12.73 | 364.10 | 121.89 | 298.70 |
| 咪鲜胺5：伞形花内酯1 | 29.38 | 157.76 | 114.60 | 137.67 |
| 咪鲜胺10：伞形花内酯1 | 22.88 | 202.58 | 107.96 | 187.64 |
| 咪鲜胺20：伞形花内酯1 | 14.61 | 317.25 | 104.17 | 304.55 |
| 咪鲜胺30：伞形花内酯1 | 9.71 | 477.34 | 102.83 | 464.23 |
由表1可知，在质量比为1-30：10-1范围内，咪鲜胺和伞形花内酯复配对油梨炭疽病病原菌的共毒系数在125.15-464.23之间，均大于120，表现为增效作用。
表2溴菌腈和伞形花内酯复配对油梨炭疽病病原菌的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 溴菌腈 | 13.08 | 100.00 | -- | -- |
| 伞形花内酯 | 24.71 | 52.93 | -- | -- |
| 溴菌腈1：伞形花内酯9 | 13.84 | 94.51 | 57.64 | 163.96 |
| 溴菌腈1：伞形花内酯5 | 8.37 | 156.27 | 60.78 | 257.12 |
| 溴菌腈1：伞形花内酯3 | 2.34 | 558.97 | 64.70 | 863.94 |
| 溴菌腈1：伞形花内酯1 | 7.27 | 179.92 | 76.47 | 235.29 |
| 溴菌腈2：伞形花内酯1 | 10.46 | 125.05 | 84.31 | 148.32 |
| 溴菌腈4：伞形花内酯1 | 8.72 | 150.00 | 90.59 | 165.59 |
由表2可知，在质量比为1-4：9-1范围内，溴菌腈和伞形花内酯复配对油梨炭疽病病原菌的共毒系数在148.32-863.94之间，均大于120，表现为增效作用；尤其在质量比为1：3时，共毒系数达到了863.94，增效作用尤其显著。
综上所述，本发明组合物中的有效成分咪鲜胺或溴菌腈与伞形花内酯复配后具有很好的协同增效作用，可以提高油梨炭疽病的防治效果，基于此可以减少农药施用剂量，减少防治成本，降低油梨果实中的农药残留，为开发新型化学药剂提供支持。
上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，对于本领域技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，可以做适当的改进，这些改进也在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种防治油梨炭疽病的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，其有效成分由咪鲜胺或溴菌腈与伞形花内酯复配而成；
所述咪鲜胺与伞形花内酯的质量比为1-30：10-1；
所述溴菌腈与伞形花内酯的质量比为1-4：9-1。
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