CN115517140A

CN115517140A - Planting method for realizing stable yield of organic leaf vegetables

Info

Publication number: CN115517140A
Application number: CN202211250999.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄伟波; 汪琳
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-10-13
Filing date: 2022-10-13
Publication date: 2022-12-27

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for realizing stable yield of organic leaf vegetables, which relates to the technical field of organic vegetable planting and adopts the technical scheme that the planting method comprises the following steps: selecting leaf vegetable varieties, setting up cultivation facilities, directly sowing or raising seedlings, biologically controlling, and harvesting; the method comprises the following steps of setting up cultivation facilities, setting up large arched sheds with different specifications according to seasons, setting up a summer large arched shed in summer, setting up a winter large arched shed in winter, setting up a water and fertilizer integrated facility in the large arched shed, and setting up a three-layer thin film heat insulation structure in the winter large arched shed. The method can realize stable yield of the organic leaf vegetables at different sowing times.

Description

Planting method for realizing stable yield of organic leaf vegetables

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of organic vegetable planting, in particular to a planting method for realizing stable yield of organic leaf vegetables.

Background

The organic vegetable is a vegetable product which is prepared by forbidding to use any chemically synthesized chemical substances such as pesticides, fertilizers, growth regulators and the like, genetic engineering organisms and products thereof in the vegetable production process strictly according to organic production regulations, but following natural laws and ecological principles, adopting a series of sustainable agricultural technologies, coordinating planting balance, maintaining the sustainable stability of an agricultural ecosystem, and issuing an organic food certificate after being identified and certified by an organic food certification authority.

At present, the production level of organic vegetables in China is in the initial development stage, and the technical development level is relatively lagged behind. Because the conventional chemical pesticide, chemical fertilizer and hormone cannot be used for growth regulation and control, the organic leaf vegetables can only be produced according to a natural ecological method, and the technical problem that the yield difference of the organic leaf vegetables in the same plot and at different sowing times is very large exists in production, particularly in winter with the harsh environment for vegetable growth, the vegetables are affected by low temperature and little illumination, the growth period is prolonged, and the yield is reduced; in high-temperature and rainy seasons in summer, leaf vegetables are easily affected by rainwater and high temperature, the yield is greatly reduced, even part of varieties can not grow normally, and the accurate development of the organic industry is severely restricted.

The prior patent application with the reference application publication number of CN 109874614A discloses a production method and a production system of organic vegetables, which comprises the following steps: step 1, cultivating vegetables in an insect-proof organic vegetable planting shed in a vegetable cultivation cup in a plant division manner; step 2, after the vegetables in the step 1 are ripe, intensively conveying the vegetable culture cups with the vegetables to a production workshop, and separating the vegetables from the vegetable culture cups by adopting picking equipment; and recycling the soil in the separated vegetable culture cup.

The patent application document with the reference application publication number of CN 103999668A discloses an organic cultivation method for leaf vegetables, which mainly comprises the following steps: selecting vegetable varieties, performing soil preparation by crop rotation, fertilizing, transplanting seedlings and sowing, covering insect-proof nets, sprinkling irrigation, managing the field, topdressing and harvesting.

The prior patent application with the reference application publication number of CN 104429500A discloses an organic production method of summer leaf vegetables, which comprises the following steps: hole tray seeding, seedling stage nursing, base fertilizer application and land preparation ridging, transplanting, fertilizer and water management, pest control, harvesting and garden cleaning. The method comprehensively adopts a whole set of organic production method of seedling transplantation, greenhouse insect prevention and rain prevention and biogas slurry sprinkling irrigation topdressing, effectively solves the problems of difficult production of leaf vegetables and vegetable pesticide residue in summer, and enables the leaf vegetables to be produced by adopting the organic production method in summer.

In the prior art, only the aspects of how to plant organic leaf vegetables and how to improve the yield are researched, and the emphasis is on how to better produce the organic leaf vegetables; the problem of stable yield of different production batches in different sowing times cannot be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a planting method for realizing stable yield of organic leaf vegetables, which can realize stable yield of the organic leaf vegetables at different sowing times.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the planting method for realizing stable yield of the organic leaf vegetables comprises the following steps: selecting leaf vegetable varieties, setting up cultivation facilities, directly sowing or raising seedlings, biologically controlling, and harvesting; the method comprises the following steps of setting up cultivation facilities, setting up large arched sheds with different specifications according to seasons, setting up a summer large arched shed in summer, setting up a winter large arched shed in winter, setting up a water and fertilizer integrated facility in the large arched shed, and setting up a three-layer thin film heat insulation structure in the winter large arched shed.

By adopting the technical scheme, microclimate suitable for growth of leaf vegetables is constructed, normal growth of the leaf vegetables can be realized no matter in summer with high temperature and humidity or in winter with low temperature and dry and cold, and the yield of the leaf vegetables is stable in summer and winter.

Furthermore, the large arched shed is provided with an automatic ventilation opening, and a 60-mesh insect-proof net is arranged at the ventilation opening.

By adopting the technical scheme, ventilation in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment is facilitated in summer, and the air conditioner can be closed in time in rainy days; the insect-proof net is arranged to form an isolation barrier, so that pests are prevented from entering the greenhouse from the place, the pest breeding way is cut off, the application of medicines is reduced or stopped, and not only can the pests with larger body types be prevented, but also small-body type pests can be prevented from entering the greenhouse.

Furthermore, the summer large arched shed is of a simple cement upright post and bamboo-wood structure, the length of the summer large arched shed is 60 meters, the width of the summer large arched shed is 10 meters, the height of the shed roof is 4.2 meters, the height of the shed side is 1-2 meters, and a shed film is a non-drop film.

By adopting the technical scheme, the temperature is quickly reduced in hot and rainy summer with high temperature and high humidity, and the space in the shed is convenient for air circulation and temperature regulation and control; the height of the side shed is favorable for convection of the temperature inside and outside the shed, the temperature in the shed is kept below 30 ℃ in daytime, the temperature at night is below 20 ℃, and the humidity is controlled below 80%.

Furthermore, a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 85% is erected on the surface of the summer large arched shed, and the distance between the summer large arched sheds is larger than 6 meters.

By adopting the technical scheme, the sunshade net is erected to facilitate cooling of the large arched shed in summer, and can be temporarily removed in rainy days to realize sufficient illumination in the shed; the distance between the large arched sheds in summer enables the hot air in the sheds to have sufficient convection space after being exhausted outside the sheds.

Furthermore, the winter large arched shed is of a simple cement upright post and bamboo structure, the length of the winter large arched shed is greater than 100 meters, the width of the winter large arched shed is 13 meters, the height of the shed roof is 3.5 meters, the height of the shed side is 0.5-1 meter, and the shed film is a non-dropping film.

By adopting the technical scheme, the temperature in the greenhouse is slowly reduced in winter, so that the temperature is kept, and the height of the greenhouse is set to compress the space in the greenhouse to bear wind and snow; the greenhouse film can improve the warm clothes in the greenhouse by 1-2 ℃; the temperature in the greenhouse is above 20 ℃ in the daytime and above 10 ℃ at night, and the humidity is controlled below 70%.

Furthermore, the greenhouse roof of the winter large arched greenhouse is provided with a non-drop film, a small arched greenhouse made of bamboo is erected in the winter large arched greenhouse, the small arched greenhouse is covered with a film and non-woven fabrics, and the winter large arched greenhouse is also erected with a non-drop film, so that a three-layer film heat-insulation structure is formed.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme for have good heat preservation effect in the big hunch canopy in winter, improve the low temperature resistant degree of leaf vegetable vegetables, thereby realize the balanced increase of output.

Further, the leafy vegetables include, but are not limited to, rape, milk cabbage, lettuce, leaf lettuce, water lettuce, bitter chrysanthemum, chinese pine, chinese cabbage, red amaranth, flowering cabbage, celery, spinach, crowndaisy chrysanthemum and coriander.

Furthermore, the seeding amount of the leaf vegetable during seedling culture is 3-4 grains per hole in summer and 2 grains per hole in winter.

Furthermore, the seeding amount of the direct seeding of the leaf vegetables is 3-5 kg per mu in summer and 2-4 kg per mu in winter.

Further, the biological control method is to control insects by using insects.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, by constructing microclimate suitable for the growth of the organic leaf vegetables, the normal growth of the leaf vegetables can be realized no matter in summer with high temperature and humidity or in winter with low temperature and dry cooling, the yield can be within 8.5% at different sowing times and the same unit area, and the yield is stable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the cultivation of organic leaf vegetables in a large shed in summer according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the cultivation of organic leaf vegetables in the large shed in winter according to the embodiment.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

The starting materials in the following examples are all commercially available.

Example one

1. Selecting leaf vegetable varieties

The varieties with high germination rate, strong germination vigor and regular emergence are screened out, and the varieties are planted according to seasons as shown in the following table 1.

TABLE 1 leaf vegetable variety screening

Articles and the like	(Summer)	Winter season
			Rape	√	√
Milk Chinese cabbage	√	√
			Lettuce	√	√
Leaf of Chinese lettuce	√	√
			Peking watercress	√	√
All-grass of bitter chrysanthemum	√	√
			All-grass of Chinese pine	√	√
Chinese cabbage	√	√
			Chinese little greens	√	√
Red amaranth	√
			Heart of vegetable		√
Celery		√
			Spinach		√
Crowndaisy chrysanthemum		√
			Caraway		√

2. Setting up cultivation facilities

Big arched sheds with different specifications are arranged according to seasons, a water and fertilizer integrated facility is arranged on the surface of each big arched shed, an automatic ventilation opening is formed in each big arched shed, and a 60-mesh insect-proof net is arranged at each ventilation opening; the method comprises the steps of erecting a summer large arched shed in summer, erecting a winter large arched shed in winter, and arranging a three-layer thin film heat insulation structure on the winter large arched shed.

The summer large arched shed is of a simple cement upright post and bamboo-wood structure, the length of the summer large arched shed is 60 meters, the width of the summer large arched shed is 10 meters, the height of the shed roof is 4.2 meters, the height of the shed side is 1-2 meters, and a shed film is a non-dropping film; a sunshade net with sunshade rate of 85% is arranged on the shed surface, and the distance between the two sheds is more than 6 meters. Therefore, the temperature is quickly reduced in hot and rainy summer with high temperature and high humidity, and the space in the shed is convenient for air circulation and temperature regulation; the height of the side shed is favorable for the convection of the temperature inside and outside the shed, the temperature in the shed is kept below 30 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature at night is below 20 ℃, and the humidity is controlled below 80%.

The large arched shed in winter is of a simple cement column and bamboo-wood structure, the length of the large arched shed is more than 100 meters, the width of the large arched shed is 13 meters, the height of the shed top is 3.5 meters, the height of the side of the shed is 0.5-1 meter, and the shed film is a non-dropping film; the large arched shed is also internally provided with a small arched shed made of bamboo, the small arched shed is covered with a film and non-woven fabrics, and the large arched shed is also provided with a non-drop two-film in winter, so that a three-layer film heat-insulating structure is formed. Therefore, the temperature in the greenhouse is slowly reduced in winter, the temperature is kept, and the high greenhouse is arranged to compress the space in the greenhouse to bear wind and snow; the greenhouse film can improve the warm clothes in the greenhouse by 1-2 ℃; the temperature in the greenhouse is above 20 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature at night is above 10 ℃, and the humidity is controlled below 70%.

3. Direct seeding or seedling raising

The growth state and the growth period of the organic leaf vegetables are different in different sowing periods, and the planting mode and the sowing amount are shown in tables 2-3.

TABLE 2 summer sowing mode and sowing quantity of organic leaf vegetables

TABLE 3 winter sowing mode and sowing quantity of organic leaf vegetables

Variety of (IV) C	Planting mode	Seeding rate
			Rape seed	Seedling raising	2 granules per acupoint
Milk Chinese cabbage	Seedling raising	2 granules per acupoint
			She Shengcai	Seedling raising	2 granules in each cave
Lettuce with purple leaf	Seedling raising	2 granules in each cave
			Rome lettuce	Seedling raising	2 granules in each cave
Leaf of Chinese lettuce	Seedling raising	2 granules per acupoint
			Peking watercress	Seedling raising	2 granules per acupoint
Bitter chrysanthemum	Seedling raising	2 granules per acupoint
			Heart of vegetable	Seedling raising	2 granules per acupoint
Celery	Seedling raising	4 granules per acupoint
			All-grass of Chinese pine	Live broadcast	3 kg/mu
Chinese cabbage	Live broadcast	3 kg/mu
			Chinese little greens	Live broadcast	2 kg/mu
Spinach	Live broadcast	5 kg/mu
			Crowndaisy chrysanthemum	Live broadcast	3 kg/mu
Caraway	Live broadcast	3 kg/mu

Through the seeding or the mode of growing seedlings of table 2 and table 3, can further realize accurate growth, realize that different seasons vegetables output is unanimous.

4. Biological control

The organic leaf vegetables have shorter growth period, the diseases are generally less, but the insect pests generally occur in summer, particularly, the selectable biopesticide in organic production is less.

TABLE 4 biological control methods

5. Harvesting

The harvesting time and the harvesting specification are shown in table 5.

TABLE 5 time and Specifications of harvesting

Organic leaf vegetables have a short growth cycle, and once the growth period is advanced or prolonged, the influence on the yield is huge, each variety needs to be managed strictly according to the established growth cycle, and the yield can be kept stable only when the growth cycle of the vegetables is suitable.

By the method, the yield difference in different seasons can be no more than 8.5% at different sowing times and in the same unit area, the stable yield of the organic leaf vegetables is realized, and a whole set of measures and a method are provided for the accurate production of the organic leaf vegetables.

Claims

1. A planting method for realizing stable yield of organic leaf vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting leaf vegetable varieties, setting up cultivation facilities, directly sowing or raising seedlings, biologically controlling, and harvesting; the method comprises the following steps of setting up cultivation facilities, setting up large arched sheds with different specifications according to seasons, setting up a summer large arched shed in summer, setting up a winter large arched shed in winter, setting up a water and fertilizer integrated facility in the large arched shed, and setting up a three-layer thin film heat insulation structure in the winter large arched shed.

2. The planting method for achieving stable yield of organic leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the large arched shed is provided with an automatic ventilation opening, and a 60-mesh insect-proof net is arranged at the ventilation opening.

3. The planting method for realizing stable yield of organic leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the summer arched shed is of a simple cement column plus bamboo structure, the length of the shed is 60 meters, the width of the shed is 10 meters, the height of the shed roof is 4.2 meters, the height of the shed side is 1-2 meters, and the shed film is a non-dropping film.

4. The planting method for achieving stable yield of organic leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 3, wherein a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 85% is laid on the surface of the summer shed, and the distance between the summer sheds is more than 6 meters.

5. The planting method for achieving stable yield of organic leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the winter shed is a simple cement column with bamboo structure, the length of the shed is more than 100 meters, the width of the shed is 13 meters, the height of the shed roof is 3.5 meters, the height of the shed side is 0.5-1 meter, and the shed film is a non-dropping film.

6. The planting method for realizing the stable yield of the organic leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 5, wherein a non-drop film is arranged on the surface of the winter large arched shed, a small arched shed of bamboo crops is built in the winter large arched shed, the small arched shed is covered with a thin film and non-woven fabrics, and a non-drop film is also built on the winter large arched shed, so that a three-layer thin film heat insulation structure is formed.

7. The planting method for achieving stable yield of organic leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding amount for raising seedlings of the leaf vegetables is 3-4 grains per hole in summer and 2 grains per hole in winter.

8. The planting method for achieving stable yield of organic leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding amount of the leaf vegetables in direct sowing is 3-5 kg per mu in summer and 2-4 kg per mu in winter.

9. The planting method for achieving stable yield of organic leaf vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the biological control method is insect control.

10. The planting method for realizing stable yield of organic leafy vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the organic leafy vegetables include but are not limited to rape, milk cabbage, lettuce, leaf lettuce, water spinach, bitter chrysanthemum, pinus koraiensis, chinese little greens, red amaranth, flowering cabbage, celery, spinach, garland chrysanthemum and caraway.