CN115483829A - Step-down DC-DC converter - Google Patents
Step-down DC-DC converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN115483829A CN115483829A CN202211301175.7A CN202211301175A CN115483829A CN 115483829 A CN115483829 A CN 115483829A CN 202211301175 A CN202211301175 A CN 202211301175A CN 115483829 A CN115483829 A CN 115483829A
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- voltage
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- field effect
- effect transistor
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- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a buck-type DC-DC converter, which comprises: an on-chip circuit and an off-chip circuit; the on-chip circuit comprises a voltage regulator, a reference circuit, a controller, a self-adaptive power tube driver, a P-type field effect transistor and an N-type field effect transistor; the high-voltage input end of the voltage regulator is connected with the voltage input end of the reference circuit, the voltage output end of the voltage regulator is respectively connected with the controller and the adaptive power tube driver, the controller is connected with the adaptive power tube driver, and the adaptive power tube driver is respectively connected with the grids of the P-type field effect transistor and the N-type field effect transistor; the off-chip circuit is connected with the in-chip circuit. The input voltage can be increased to 3.7V-4.2V or even 5V of the lithium battery voltage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of direct current converters, in particular to a voltage reduction type direct current-to-direct current converter.
Background
In a Buck dc-dc Converter (i.e. Buck Converter) circuit, a very high voltage is often required to be input, for example, a battery voltage is input to 3.7V-4.2V or even higher to 5V, and in an advanced CMOS process such as 28nm, 22nm or more, a BCD device is not provided, so that a gate-source voltage of a MOS device of the Buck dc-dc Converter cannot withstand a voltage of more than 3.7V, or otherwise the Buck Converter is broken down and damaged.
The conventional general Buck Converter circuit structure includes an on chip portion, i.e., a circuit in a square frame, as an on chip circuit, and an off chip portion as an off chip circuit (mainly, since inductance and capacitance values in the on chip portion are too large to be integrated in a chip). VDDH in the chip is input voltage (usually the voltage is below 3.6V), and the internal PWM/PFM controller, the gate driving circuit and the high-power MOS tubes MP1 and MN1 all work under the voltage. However, if the input voltage is the voltage of a lithium battery (3.7V-4.2V, even 5V), most of the gate-source voltages of the MOS transistors in these circuits operate at the high voltage, which may cause the breakdown and damage of the MOS transistors, which should be avoided at the beginning of circuit design.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention has been made to provide a buck dc-dc converter that overcomes or at least partially solves the above-mentioned problems.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a buck dc-dc converter, the converter comprising: an on-chip circuit and an off-chip circuit;
the on-chip circuit comprises a voltage regulator, a reference circuit, a controller, a self-adaptive power tube driver, a P-type field effect transistor and an N-type field effect transistor;
the high-voltage input end of the voltage regulator is connected with the voltage input end of the reference circuit, the voltage output end of the voltage regulator is respectively connected with the controller and the adaptive power tube driver, the controller is connected with the adaptive power tube driver, and the adaptive power tube driver is respectively connected with the grids of the P-type field effect transistor and the N-type field effect transistor;
the off-chip circuit is connected with the in-chip circuit.
Optionally, the off-chip circuit includes:
an output filter inductor L, an output filter capacitor Cout, a third voltage dividing resistor R3 and a fourth voltage dividing resistor R4;
and the output of the Buck Converter circuit is subjected to voltage division and sampling FB through the third voltage division resistor R3 and the fourth voltage division resistor R4, and is fed back to an FB end in the chip.
Optionally, the voltage regulator specifically includes: two voltage input/output terminals, a high voltage input terminal and a low voltage output terminal.
The invention provides a buck-type DC-DC converter, which comprises: an on-chip circuit and an off-chip circuit; the on-chip circuit comprises a voltage regulator, a reference circuit, a controller, a self-adaptive power tube driver, a P-type field effect transistor and an N-type field effect transistor; the high-voltage input end of the voltage regulator is connected with the voltage input end of the reference circuit, the voltage output end of the voltage regulator is respectively connected with the controller and the adaptive power tube driver, the controller is connected with the adaptive power tube driver, and the adaptive power tube driver is respectively connected with the grids of the P-type field effect transistor and the N-type field effect transistor; the off-chip circuit is connected with the in-chip circuit. The input voltage can be increased to 3.7V-4.2V or even 5V of the lithium battery voltage.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a buck dc-dc converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a level shift actual circuit of a driving power MOS transistor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit for implementing floating low level driving by a power transistor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the present description and claims and drawings are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such as a list of steps or elements.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the PWM/PFM controller in the Buck Converter circuit is operated at a low voltage to prevent breakdown, where the low voltage is realized by a voltage regulator, i.e. LDO (circuit in dashed line in FIG. 1), i.e. the input high voltage is converted to a low voltage through the LDO for the controller to use. Meanwhile, the grid voltage of the power Pmos (MP 1) is enabled to work between VDDH and VDDH-VDDL, namely the grid control voltage of the power Pmos is the same as the input voltage in high level, and the grid source voltage is enabled to be fixed to VDDL in low level. While the gate control voltage of power Nmos (MN 1) operates between VDDL and ground, i.e. the gate control voltage of power Nmos is at high level VDDL and at low level ground. The specific implementation circuit of this part is the adaptive power tube driver in fig. 2.
The solid black frame in fig. 1 is the on-chip circuit, and the off-chip circuit includes an output filter inductor L, an output filter capacitor Cout, and voltage dividing resistors R3 and R4. The output of the Buck Converter circuit is subjected to voltage division and sampling FB through R3 and R4, and then fed back to an FB end in the chip, wherein the FB end is connected with a negative input end of a PWM/PFM controller in the chip, and a positive input end of the PWM/PFM controller is connected with a reference voltage Vref generated by a reference circuit. The PWM/PFM controller operates within the normal operating voltage range of the transistor, and this voltage is derived VDDL from the high voltage VDDH produced by the voltage regulator module. The output of the PWM/PFM controller is a PWM (pulse width modulation) waveform with VDDL high and ground low. The PWM waveform is sent to the adaptive power tube driver, and the waveform is adjusted to the waveforms PD and ND which are suitable for the grid voltage range of the power tubes MP1 and MN1 according to the high voltage VDDH, so as to drive the power tubes MP1 and MN1. And an output filter inductor L and an output filter capacitor Cout outside the drain output connecting pieces of the power tubes MP1 and MN1, so that the conversion from high voltage VDDH to low voltage VO is completed.
Fig. 2 and 3 show a power transistor driving circuit using the technology of the present invention, in fig. 2, I1 and I2 are inverters whose operating voltage is VDDL, which is derived from VDDL in fig. 1, i.e., the output of the input stage LDO, assuming VDDL =2.5V.
The circuit in fig. 3 implements the VDDH-2.5 voltage in fig. 2. In FIG. 3, I 2 Is a low power consumption operational amplifier with high voltage VDDH, I 3 Is ClassAB type LDO. The input and output voltage levels of the circuit are shown in the lower right corner of fig. 2.
Has the beneficial effects that: the input voltage can be increased to 3.7V-4.2V, even 5V, of the lithium battery voltage; wider input voltage can be processed, such as 2.7V-5V, and if the output VDDL voltage of the input LDO is as low as 2.3V, the input voltage can be as low as 2.5V.
The above embodiments are provided to further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail, it should be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A buck dc-to-dc converter, the converter comprising: an on-chip circuit and an off-chip circuit;
the on-chip circuit comprises a voltage regulator, a reference circuit, a controller, a self-adaptive power tube driver, a P-type field effect transistor and an N-type field effect transistor;
the high-voltage input end of the voltage regulator is connected with the voltage input end of the reference circuit, the voltage output end of the voltage regulator is respectively connected with the controller and the adaptive power tube driver, the controller is connected with the adaptive power tube driver, and the adaptive power tube driver is respectively connected with the grids of the P-type field effect transistor and the N-type field effect transistor;
the off-chip circuit is connected with the in-chip circuit.
2. A buck dc-to-dc converter according to claim 1, wherein the off-chip circuitry comprises:
an output filter inductor L, an output filter capacitor Cout, a third voltage dividing resistor R3 and a fourth voltage dividing resistor R4;
and the output of the Buck Converter circuit is subjected to voltage division and sampling FB through the third voltage division resistor R3 and the fourth voltage division resistor R4, and is fed back to an FB end in the chip.
3. A buck dc-dc converter according to claim 1, wherein the voltage regulator comprises in particular: two voltage input/output terminals, a high voltage input terminal and a low voltage output terminal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211301175.7A CN115483829A (en) | 2022-10-24 | 2022-10-24 | Step-down DC-DC converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211301175.7A CN115483829A (en) | 2022-10-24 | 2022-10-24 | Step-down DC-DC converter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115483829A true CN115483829A (en) | 2022-12-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211301175.7A Pending CN115483829A (en) | 2022-10-24 | 2022-10-24 | Step-down DC-DC converter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115483829A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5262999A (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1993-11-16 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Large scale integrated circuit for low voltage operation |
| KR20020006770A (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-01-26 | 로버트 에이치. 씨. 챠오 | Voltage down converter with switched hysteresis |
| JP2002041156A (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-02-08 | United Microelectron Corp | Voltage down converter and method for converting voltage vcc |
| CN101447666A (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-06-03 | 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 | Power supply system and power overvoltage safety protection control method |
| CN102820783A (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-12 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Direct-current voltage-reducing converter |
-
2022
- 2022-10-24 CN CN202211301175.7A patent/CN115483829A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5262999A (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1993-11-16 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Large scale integrated circuit for low voltage operation |
| KR20020006770A (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-01-26 | 로버트 에이치. 씨. 챠오 | Voltage down converter with switched hysteresis |
| JP2002041156A (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-02-08 | United Microelectron Corp | Voltage down converter and method for converting voltage vcc |
| CN101447666A (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-06-03 | 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 | Power supply system and power overvoltage safety protection control method |
| CN102820783A (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-12 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Direct-current voltage-reducing converter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李文杰: "一种响应极快负载变化的无片外电容LDO的研究与设计", 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库（电子期刊）工程科技II辑》, no. 3, 15 March 2020 (2020-03-15) * |
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