CN115474691A - 一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及营养餐技术领域,特别是涉及一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐及其制备方法。本申请公开了一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐,以重量百分比来计算,包括以下原料:主套餐粉剂52‑58%、副套餐粉剂4‑6%、辅料余量;所述主套餐粉剂包括以下重量份的原料:燕麦24‑72份、肉桂36‑108份、茯苓12‑36份、人参15‑45份、山药15‑45份、玉竹15‑45份、葛根10‑20份;所述辅料为大米膨化粉、抗性糊精、麦芽糊精、乳清蛋白、大豆分离蛋白中的任一种或者多种。本申请为消费者提供一种具有调节肠道菌群功效的降糖营养餐粉体,可应用在2型糖尿病患者,具有较高的价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及营养餐技术领域,特别是涉及一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着饮食习惯和生活方式的改变,糖尿病已成为一个重要的公共健康问题。糖尿病的常规治疗方法主要包括药物治疗、营养治疗和运动等。患者通常把口服降糖药或注射胰岛素当作最重要的治疗方法,然而这两种方法都有一定局限性和副作用。而营养治疗作为糖尿病治疗五架马车之首,具有极其重要的意义。
目前,国内外研究者针对糖尿病患者展开了多种饮食干预方法的研究,如我们所熟知的血糖生成指数、膳食纤维、糖尿病型复合营养制剂等等,通过延缓血糖上升、调节肠道功能等途径改善糖尿病患者的血糖问题。然而,这些理念大多来源于国外,并没有将我国药食同源理念融入其中。在我国乃至全球范围内,糖尿病患病率呈现快速增加的态势,糖尿病及其并发症严重威胁着我国居民的身体健康和生活质量,治疗糖尿病和防治并发症的重点在于控制血糖。
糖尿病中医药因病机的突出特点是“阴虚燥热”。金元时期的医学家刘完素《三消论》就指出:三消的病因病机系由“饮食服饵失宜,肠胃干涸,而气液不得宣平,或耗乱精神,过违其度,或因大病阴气损而血液衰虚,阳气悍而燥热郁甚”所致;阴津亏虚为本,燥热内生,虚火内胜为标;消渴日久,耗津伤气而制气阴两虚;糖尿病的早期、中期,尚无明显并发症情况下,发病机就是气阴两虚,燥热虚火;本虚郁标实之间,相互影响,互为因果,而缠绵难愈。因此中药调制的总的原则为“扶正祛邪,标本兼顾”;补益正气,滋养阴津,以“扶正”治本;清热降火以“祛邪”治标。早在1990年,就有研究显示肉桂具有很好的降糖作用,研究认为肉桂具有胰岛素增效因子,进而改善胰岛素抵抗及缓解糖尿病症状;肉桂提取物中含有甲基羟基查尔酮聚合物,可通过细胞刺激葡萄糖的吸收,促进糖原合成和糖原合成酶的活性及抑制3T3-L1脂肪类固醇的过程中有类似胰岛素作用,像胰岛素类似物和胰岛素信号一样,激活衰竭的胰岛素受体,同时可以刺激胰岛素受体底物(IRS1)使其酪氨酸磷酸化,改善胰岛素信号级联,从而使小鼠骨骼肌细胞对葡萄糖的摄取增加。
然而,目前基于肉桂的相关专利及产品不能满足糖尿病群防群治新型中药制剂的需求,一方面,多数专利专注于肉桂茶烘焙技术的改善,如专利CN201911040575.5一种武夷肉桂茶等级及烘焙程度判别方法、专利CN201911083804.1一种真龙肉桂茶的生产方法、专利CN201310120280.5一种保健浓香型肉桂茶精制工艺,上述专利记载的技术方案主要侧重于提升肉桂茶的品相和口感;另一方面,部分专利侧重于肉桂活性成分的提取,如专利CN201210117593.0肉桂中降血糖活性成份总多酚的提取工艺,总多酚组合物及其用途、专利CN201310134853一种降糖中药处方及其制剂的制备方法、专利CN201611247572.5一种用于治疗调节血脂和降压降糖的中药制剂及制备方法以及专利CN201410552565.0一种具有降糖降脂保护血管内皮作用的中药组合物及其制备方法,上述专利的成分过于复杂,部分缺少药物动力学实验的支持,不利于在社区进行大规模推广应用。
肠道菌群与人体健康紧密相关,肠道菌群失衡不仅会诱发肠道炎症,影响机体免疫,还会参与其他一些疾病如肥胖、糖尿病的发病过程。目前,肠道菌群的调节制剂主要集中在增加益生菌的摄入。然而,益生菌存在存活率低、货架期短、在胃液中不耐受、定殖困难等问题。益生元作为一种调节肠道菌群的膳食补充剂,可在一定程度上缓解肠道菌群失调问题。目前市场上的益生元产品主要为功能性低聚糖类产品,其他类型的益生元产品缺乏。复方制剂养生食疗药膳含有中药天然、健康、营养的特质,多种膳食纤维和益生元的补充使得中药制剂活性成分更易被吸收。燕麦、肉桂和茯苓都是典型的食药同源资源,具有补虚长智、益精明目、养血安神等功效,研究发现,多糖是其主要功能因子,燕麦、肉桂和茯苓的改善肠道功能、免疫调节等功效与其多糖调节肠道菌群有关。
养生食疗药膳的研发是饮食干预市场的一个重大突破,具有良好的应用前景。而燕麦、肉桂和茯苓具有高糖高粘特点,难以直接制粉;因此,本申请提供一种药食同源的容易制粉的糖尿病降糖营养餐及其制备方法。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本申请通过添加大豆蛋白粉、抗性糊精、乳清蛋白等辅料,采用冷冻超微粉碎制得降糖营养餐,通过采用混料设计辅以其他营养配料,以流动性、稳定性、感官评分等为考察指标,研发含有燕麦、肉桂和茯苓的降糖营养餐,并评价其调节肠道菌群的功效,为消费者提供一种具有调节肠道菌群功效的降糖营养餐,可应用在2型糖尿病患者,具有较高的价值。
本申请解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐,以重量百分比计,包括:主套餐粉剂52-58%、副套餐粉剂4-6%、辅料余量;
所述主套餐粉剂包括以下重量份的原料:燕麦24-72份、肉桂36-108份、茯苓12-36份、人参15-45份、山药15-45份、玉竹15-45份、葛根10-20份;
所述副套餐粉剂包括以下重量份的原料:芝麻10-20份、黑加仑10-20份、木糖醇10-20份、花生10-20份、红枣10-20份;
所述辅料为大米膨化粉、抗性糊精、麦芽糊精、乳清蛋白、大豆分离蛋白中的任一种或者多种。
进一步的,一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐,以重量百分比计,包括:主套餐粉剂55%、副套餐粉剂5%、辅料余量;所述主套餐粉剂中燕麦、肉桂、茯苓的重量比为2:3:1;
所述辅料为乳清蛋白。
进一步的,所述主套餐粉剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取燕麦、肉桂、茯苓、人参、山药、玉竹、葛根,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,混合均匀,然后在50-70℃烘干杀菌2-3h,得到主套餐粉剂。
进一步的,所述副套餐粉剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将芝麻、黑加仑、木糖醇、花生和红枣去除杂质,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,混合均匀,然后在50-70℃烘干杀菌2-3h,得到副套餐粉剂。
进一步的,所述辅料以重量份为单位,包括以下原料:
大米膨化粉1-4份、抗性糊精2-8份、麦芽糊精3-12份、乳清蛋白4-16份、大豆分离蛋白5-25份。
本发明也提供了药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.主套餐粉剂的制备
取燕麦、肉桂、茯苓、人参、山药、玉竹、葛根,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,混合均匀,然后在50-70℃烘干杀菌2-3h,得到主套餐粉剂;
S2.副套餐粉剂的制备
将芝麻、黑加仑、木糖醇、花生和红枣去除杂质,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,混合均匀,然后在50-70℃烘干杀菌2-3h,得到副套餐粉剂;
S3.降糖营养餐的制备
将辅料在50-70℃烘干杀菌2-3h;再按照重量百分比组成,备料主套餐粉剂、副套餐粉剂、辅料;将主套餐粉剂、副套餐粉剂、辅料进行充分混合后,进行冷冻超微粉碎,得到降糖营养餐。
进一步的,所述冷冻超微粉碎,冷冻温度为-5~0℃,超微粉碎要求为过100-200目筛。
在本申请中,加入的各个原料,功效和作用分别如下所述:
肉桂:辛、甘,大热,补火助阳,引火归源,散寒止痛,活血通经;为樟科植物肉桂Cinnamomum cassia Presl的干燥树皮。现代药理研究表明肉桂有促进胃肠功能作用。中医认为肉桂能补火壮阳,温中焦脾胃,温通血脉。
燕麦(学名:Avena sativa L.)是禾本科、燕麦属一年生草本植物。燕麦性味甘平,能益脾养心、敛汗,富含膳食纤维,能促进肠胃蠕动,利于排便,热量低,升糖指数低,降脂降糖,有较高的营养价值。燕麦可用于体虚自汗、盗汗或肺结核病人。
茯苓:多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核。茯苓味甘,平,主胸胁逆气,忧恚,惊邪,恐悸,心下结痛,寒热烦满,咳逆,口焦舌干,利小便。久服安魂养神,不饥,延年。
人参(学名:Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)是五加科、人参属多年生草本植物。人参(能起到大补元气、补脾益肺、生津润神、益智的功效。在现代药理学研究中,人参具有抗休克、提高应激反应、改善脑力、抗疲劳、调节胆固醇代谢、增强机体免疫力等作用,具有抗炎、抗过敏、抗肿瘤等作用。
山药:山药为薯蓣科植物薯蓣Dioscorea opposite Thunb的块茎。山药味甘,性平。归脾、肺、肾经,有健脾益肺,补肾固精,养阴生津之功效;主治:脾虚泄泻,食少倦怠,虚劳羸瘦,肺虚咳喘,气短自汗,肾虚遗精,小便频数,腰膝酸软,眩晕耳鸣,带下,消渴。
黄精为百合科植物黄精Polygonetumibiricum Red,滇黄精P.kingianum的根茎。黄精味甘,性平。归脾、肺、肾经;功效润肺养阴,健脾益气,滋肾填精;主治:阴虚劳嗽,肺燥干咳;脾虚食少倦怠乏力,口干消渴;肾亏腰膝酸软。
玉竹为百合科植物玉竹Polygonetum odoratum Druce的根茎。玉竹味甘,性平;归肺、胃经。有润肺滋阴,养胃生津之功效;主治:燥热咳嗽,虚劳久嗽;玉竹之主要化学成分,含留体皂苷(铃兰苦苷、铃兰苷等)、黄酮及其糖苷(槲皮素苷等)、微量元素、氨基酸及其他含氮化合物,尚含粘液质,白屈菜酸等物质。
葛根为豆科植物野葛的干燥根;葛根甘、辛,凉;有解肌退热,透疹,生津止渴,升阳止泻之功;常用于表证发热,项背强痛,麻疹不透,热病口渴,阴虚消渴,热泻热痢,脾虚泄泻。
本申请的有益效果是:
1.本申请的燕麦-肉桂-茯苓营养餐药用价值高,方便使用、纯天然、无毒无副作用,配伍多种药食同源食材,可以代替每日饮食中的常规主食(白面馒头、米饭等)具有降血糖、降血脂的作用。与安慰剂相比,药食同源复合制剂可显著降低2型糖尿病患者腰围、甘油三酯及餐后血糖,利于餐后血糖的控制。长期使用能使血糖、血脂维持正常平衡,适用于中老年营养保健食用。
3.本申请组方科学,配伍严谨,脾肝肾同调,痰瘀湿兼消,可达到较好的降糖效果。本申请涉及的主套餐粉剂为中药复方方剂,具有健胃消食、祛痰化瘀的功效,降糖疗效确切,与副套餐粉剂结合,食用营养丰富,风味口感较好,无毒副作用,实用性强。本文所述的药食同源之品组方的8味药,燕麦健脾益肺、补肾固精、养阴生津,为君药;肉桂、黄精润肺养阴、健脾益气、滋肾填精,担当辅君之责,是为臣药;茯苓、人参润肺滋阴、养胃生津,山药、玉竹补肾益精、养肝明目、润肺生津,共同行使辅佐之功,为佐药;葛根散热清火治标,为使药。全方以前四者益气健脾、养阴润肺、滋补肝肾、填精生津,扶正治本为主,后四者祛邪治标为辅。标本兼顾调治,君臣佐使分明,配伍符合中医药基本理论,均属国家卫生主管部门认定的“药食同源”之品,均有降糖(调节糖代谢)以及降脂、抗氧化、抗衰老,改善与调节消化、免疫等功能,以及降压、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗心肌缺血、保肝、促造血等其他的药效学作用,且实际口味较适口,实现了科学合理的组方,成为促进肠道动力、充分发挥谷物调理肠胃的药膳食品营养餐基本科学基础。
3.本申请制备得到的降糖营养餐冲调性好、稳定性强、感官较佳、营养均衡。该降糖营养餐能显著促进乳酸杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、拟杆菌属和阿克曼氏菌等益生菌的增殖,具有通过调节肠道菌群作用达到糖尿病防治的目的,有利于群防群治的社区推广。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请进一步说明。
图1为本申请实施例5中两组患者血糖蛋白指标HbA1c、体质量指标(BMI)、血脂总胆固醇(TC)情况对比图;
图2为正常小鼠和T1DM模型小鼠在饲用降糖营养餐后体重比较结果图;
图3为正常小鼠和T1DM模型小鼠在饲用降糖营养餐干预前后血糖浓度比较结果图;
图4为饲用降糖营养餐干预前后正常小鼠和T1DM模型小鼠心肌细胞排列、形态比较结果图;
图5为饲用降糖营养餐干预前后正常小鼠和T1DM模型小鼠肠道菌群结构特征的热图;
图6为饲用降糖营养餐干预8周后正常小鼠和T1DM模型小鼠肠道菌群优势菌株的丰度差异分析结果图;
其中:NC为正常对照小鼠;normal diet为普通饲料;T1DM为糖尿病造模小鼠;nutrient powder为降糖营养餐。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域技术人员的理解,下面结合实施例对本申请作进一步的说明,实施方式提及的内容并非对本申请的限定。
实施例1
正交试验:
将主套餐粉剂各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按照主套餐粉剂各原料的重量份备料后,进行充分混合;在70℃烘干杀菌3h,得到主套餐粉剂;
将副套餐粉剂各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按照副套餐粉剂各原料的重量份备料后,进行充分混合;在70℃烘干杀菌3h,得到副套餐粉剂;将主套餐粉剂和副套餐粉剂进行充分混合,得到混合料;
将混合料、辅料一定比例配比,混合均衡后,进行冷冻超微粉碎,采用正交试验优化制粉工艺。以过筛率和吸湿率为考察指标,利用L25(56)正交表设计的实验分组进行实验(详细指标参照表1)。检测降糖营养餐粉体的过筛率和吸湿率,根据公式(1)和(2)计算综合评分,以综合评分作为考察指标优化符合的降糖营养餐制作工艺。
综合评分=过筛隶属度×0.5+稀释率×0.5 (2)
结果表明对降糖营养餐影响最大的是辅料种类,其次为辅料和混合料的质量配比,最后为冷冻超微粉碎的粒径。降糖营养餐粉体效果最好的方案为A3B3C3,即辅料为乳清蛋白,辅料与混料的质量比为1:1.5,粉体粒径为150目,在最佳方案下降糖营养餐粉体的过筛率为91.24%、吸湿率为5.01%。
表1正交试验因素水平
过筛率以及吸湿率特性测定:
过筛率可以表示粉体颗粒的粒径大小,间接反映粉体物料的结块性;过筛率越小,说明粉体颗粒粒径越大,粉体物料结块程度越严重。在环境相对湿度40%、温度25℃条件下,准确称取10g样品,通过90目标准筛,称量筛下物重量
吸湿率反映粉体产品在贮存过程中,由于吸收环境中水分而导致结块的程度。吸湿率越小说明产品越不易吸收水分,产品质量越稳定。用恒重称量皿准确称取2g样品,打开盖子置于内有NaCl饱和溶液的干燥器中(相对湿度=57.28%),于25℃放置24h。
取一定量的样品,倒入预先称重的25mL量筒中,加样品至25mL时记录此时粉体体积数V1(mL),将量筒置于涡旋振动器上振动2min以排除颗粒间的间隙,记录此时粉体体积数V2(mL)。以Carr’s指数(Carr Index,CI)和Hausner比(Hausner Ratio,HR)表示的粉末流动性和粘结性(见表2),不同配比降糖营养餐粉体的流动性和粘结性指数根据CI和HR计算,计算公式如下:
表2基于CI和HR指标粉剂的粉末流动性和粘结性
20个配方的降糖营养餐CI指数在27.52%~39.26%,平均值为31.26%,说明降糖营养餐粉体的流动性一般;HR比在0.61%~0.72%,平均值为0.69%,说明降糖营养餐粉体的粘结性较低;WAI在1.72~3.57g/g,平均值为2.45g/g,说明降糖营养餐粉体一般可吸收自身两倍重量的水;WSI在56.28%~78.66%,平均值为68.92%,说明降糖营养餐粉体至少有一半以上的营养物质可溶于水;粘度在10~48RVU,平均值为25.25RVU,说明不同配比的降糖营养餐粉体粘度差异较大;K值范围是0.72~0.96,平均值为0.88,说明降糖营养餐粉体冲调120min仍然较为稳定;分散稳定时间范围是34.10~59.10min,平均值为47.12min,说明降糖营养餐粉体冲调半h后仍不会出现沉积;感官评价得分范围是66~95,平均值为78.33。对综合评分用Quadratic回归方程法进行分析,得到降糖营养餐设计的最佳配方为:主套餐粉剂(燕麦、肉桂、茯苓的质量比为,燕麦:肉桂:茯苓=2:3:1)的添加量为55%,副套餐粉剂的添加量为5%,辅料(乳清蛋白)添加量为40%;选用该配比进行验证试验,三次平行试验得到,降糖营养餐粉体的水溶性指数、吸水性指数、粘度、稳定性、分散稳定时间、感官评分分别为77.74%、1.88g/g、16RVU、0.97、68.50min、98.00,综合评分(90.52)与理论值(88.62)较为接近,重复性好,说明该模型得到的数据结论准确可靠。
降糖营养餐粉体成分检测:
水分含量的测定:参考GB5009.3-2016,105℃烘箱干燥法。
粗蛋白含量的测定:参考GB5009.5-2016,凯氏定氮法。
粗脂肪含量的测定:参考GB5009.6-2016,索氏抽提法。
灰分含量的测定:参考GB5009.4-2016,灼烧法。
碳水化合物含量的测定:碳水化合物含量/%=1-(水分含量+粗蛋白含量+粗脂肪含量+灰分含量)
多糖含量:参考SN-T4260-2015,苯酚-硫酸法。
总热量参考***印发的《食品营养标签管理规范》
实施例2
一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.主套餐粉剂的制备
取燕麦、肉桂、茯苓、人参、山药、玉竹、葛根,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,即燕麦24份、肉桂36份、茯苓12份、人参15份、山药15份、玉竹15份、葛根10份;各原料混合均匀,然后在50℃烘干杀菌2h,得到主套餐粉剂;
S2.副套餐粉剂的制备
将芝麻、黑加仑、木糖醇、花生和红枣去除杂质,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,即芝麻10份、黑加仑10份、木糖醇10份、花生10份、红枣10份;各原料混合均匀,然后在50℃烘干杀菌2h,得到副套餐粉剂;
S3.降糖营养餐的制备
将辅料(乳清蛋白),在50℃烘干杀菌2h;再按照降糖营养餐重量百分比组成(套餐粉剂55%、副套餐粉剂5%、辅料40%,即例如在100g的降糖营养餐中,含有套餐粉剂55g、副套餐粉剂5g、辅料40g)进行备料;将主套餐粉剂、副套餐粉剂、辅料进行充分混合后,进行冷冻超微粉碎,冷冻温度为-5℃,超微粉碎要求为过150目筛,得到降糖营养餐。
实施例3
一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.主套餐粉剂的制备
取燕麦、肉桂、茯苓、人参、山药、玉竹、葛根,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,即燕麦72份、肉桂108份、茯苓12-36份、人参45份、山药45份、玉竹45份、葛根20份;各原料混合均匀,然后在70℃烘干杀菌3h,得到主套餐粉剂;
S2.副套餐粉剂的制备
将芝麻、黑加仑、木糖醇、花生和红枣去除杂质,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,即芝麻20份、黑加仑20份、木糖醇20份、花生20份、红枣20份;各原料混合均匀,然后在70℃烘干杀菌3h,得到副套餐粉剂;
S3.降糖营养餐的制备
辅料按照重量份,将大米膨化粉4份、抗性糊精8份、麦芽糊精12份、乳清蛋白16份、大豆分离蛋白25份,在70℃烘干杀菌2-3h;再按照降糖营养餐重量百分比组成(套餐粉剂58%、副套餐粉剂6%、辅料36%)进行备料;将主套餐粉剂、副套餐粉剂、辅料进行充分混合后,进行冷冻超微粉碎,冷冻温度为0℃,超微粉碎要求为过200目筛,得到降糖营养餐。
实施例4
一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.主套餐粉剂的制备
取燕麦、肉桂、茯苓、人参、山药、玉竹、葛根,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,即燕麦25份、肉桂40份、茯苓15份、人参17份、山药18份、玉竹16份、葛根13份;各原料混合均匀,然后在55℃烘干杀菌2.5h,得到主套餐粉剂;
S2.副套餐粉剂的制备
将芝麻、黑加仑、木糖醇、花生和红枣去除杂质,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,即芝麻11份、黑加仑12份、木糖醇12份、花生11份、红枣13份;各原料混合均匀,然后在55℃烘干杀菌2.5h,得到副套餐粉剂;
S3.降糖营养餐的制备
按照重量份,将大米膨化粉1份、抗性糊精2份、麦芽糊精3份、乳清蛋白4份、大豆分离蛋白5份,在50℃烘干杀菌2h;再按照降糖营养餐重量百分比组成(套餐粉剂52%、副套餐粉剂4%、辅料46%)进行备料;将主套餐粉剂、副套餐粉剂、辅料进行充分混合后,进行冷冻超微粉碎,冷冻温度为-5℃,超微粉碎要求为过100目筛,得到降糖营养餐。
实施例5
一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.主套餐粉剂的制备
取燕麦、肉桂、茯苓、人参、山药、玉竹、葛根,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,即燕麦30份、肉桂60份、茯苓20份、人参20份、山药30份、玉竹35份、葛根15份;各原料混合均匀,然后在65℃烘干杀菌2.5h,得到主套餐粉剂;
S2.副套餐粉剂的制备
将芝麻、黑加仑、木糖醇、花生和红枣去除杂质,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,即芝麻15份、黑加仑15份、木糖醇15份、花生15份、红枣15份;各原料混合均匀,然后在55℃烘干杀菌2.5h,得到副套餐粉剂;
S3.降糖营养餐的制备
按照重量份,将大米膨化粉2份、抗性糊精5份、麦芽糊精8份、乳清蛋白15份、大豆分离蛋白20份,在65℃烘干杀菌2.5h;再按照降糖营养餐重量百分比组成(套餐粉剂54%、副套餐粉剂5%、辅料41%)进行备料;将主套餐粉剂、副套餐粉剂、辅料进行充分混合后,进行冷冻超微粉碎,冷冻温度为0℃,超微粉碎要求为过100目筛,得到降糖营养餐。
实施例6
方法:入选100名中老年2型糖尿病患者,按随机数字表法分为2组,处理组每餐食用实施例2-实施例5任一药食同源降糖营养餐两袋(每袋50g),以替代日常饮食中的100g常规主食,对照组每餐服用100g白面馒头,对所有受试者进行基线调查,在社康中心对两组受试者进行腰围、臀围、血压及空腹血糖指标的定期随访检测。
基线期,处理组和对照组在人体测量指标上无统计学差异,基线水平相当。经过12周干预后,药食同源降糖营养餐处理组在总胆固醇TC、BMI、糖化血红蛋白HbA1c、均有所降低,存在统计学差异(p<0.05),可参见图1。
实施例7
临床研究
药食同源降糖营养餐干预的临床研究
方法:选取2017年10月至2019年3月中国医学科学院阜外医院深圳医院收治的80例DPN患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为处理组(39例)和对照组(41例)。两组均给予相同基础治疗,均使用胰岛素方案控制血糖达标,处理组在基础治疗上采用实施例2-实施例5任一制备出的药食同源降糖营养餐替代日常精制米面饮食。比较两组患者临床疗效、症状体征改善情况及肌电图。结果处理组治疗有效率明显高于对照组义(P<0.05),处理组治疗后各项症状体征评分低于对照组(P<0.05),处理组改善神经传导速度方面优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用药食同源降糖营养餐治疗DPN临床疗效显著。
实施例8
动物实验
本研究采用60只雄性C57小鼠,购自广东省医学实验动物中心,合格证号:NO.44007200062167,许可证号:SCXK(粤)2018-0002),SPF清洁级,14-16g/28-35天,饲养于广东省医学实验动物中心标准动物饲养室,光暗周期为12h(8:00-20:00亮;20:01-07:59暗),环境温度18~25℃,相对湿度30%~70%,普通饲料(广东省医学实验动物中心,生产许可证号:粤饲证(2019)05073,执行标准:GB14924.3-2010)喂养。这些动物的所有的实验程序都经过实验动物伦理委员会的批准和认可。
(1)正常小鼠对照组(A组,n=8);
(2)正常小鼠实验组(B组,n=8);
(3)T1DM小鼠对照组(C组,n=8);
(4)T1DM小鼠实验组(D组,n=8)。其中,实验组(B组+D组)药食同源降糖营养餐粉体(任一来自实施例2-实施例5)20mg/kg/天。对照组(A组和C组)给予0.5%的CMC灌胃,连续给药8周。实验周期内,四组小鼠血脂指标呈现出较为明显的波动趋势。药食同源降糖营养餐粉体对T1DM模型小鼠血糖浓度的影响,由图2-图4可知,灌胃后即刻,正常对照组和桂皮醛对照组小鼠空腹血糖水平分别为9.5、10.3mmol/L,随后两组小鼠血糖无明显变化,一直维持在8.72mmol/L,两组比较无显著差异(p>0.05)。而T1DM模型组小鼠的空腹血糖一直高达24.45mmol/L,明显高于正常对照组;但经药食同源降糖营养餐粉体(40mg/kg/d)干预后,血糖水平出现明显下降趋势,在干预30天内变化最为明显,到第30天血糖水平已降为10.6mmol/L水平,随后一直保持在8.2mmol/L左右的水平。经药物干预30天后的模型组小组血糖水平与正常对照组相比,无明显差异(p<0.05)。
如图5-图6所示,在菌种(species)级别上比较了药食同源降糖营养餐粉体干预8周后正常小鼠和T1DM小鼠肠道菌群结构的特征。结果显示,Anaerotruncus sp G3 2012,毛螺科菌Lachnospiraceae bacterium 8 1 57FAA,脱硫弧菌Desulfovibriodesulfuricans,Mucispirillum schaedleri,粪便拟杆菌Bacteroides stercoris,Alistipes putredinis,柔嫩梭菌Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,直肠真杆菌Eubacterium rectale,普氏菌Prevotella copri,毛螺科菌Lachnospiraceae bacterium3 1 46FAA在正常小鼠肠道的丰度富集。而Bacteroides xylanisolvens和动物乳杆菌Lactobacillus animalis的丰度在T1DM小鼠肠道富集。进一步采用单因素方差分析统计分析,发现共有25种菌属的丰度分布特征具有显著差异,其中含有燕麦:肉桂:茯苓的降糖营养餐粉体的摄入显著提高了约氏乳酸杆菌Lactobacillus johnsonii在B组和D组小鼠肠道中的含量。L.johnsonii在赋形剂饲喂的健康小鼠和T1DM中,相对丰度分别为10.3%和3.75%,而在肉桂提取物干预后分别上升至43.56%和38.88%,提升比例分别为4.2倍和10.4倍(图6)。此外,Parasutterella excrementihominis,Dorea sp 52,Burkholderialesbacterium 1147和Mucispirillum schaedleri的丰度在正常小鼠中亦有显著提高,而粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis,罗伊氏乳杆菌Lactobacillus reuteri和Enterorhabduscaecimuris在T1DM小鼠肠道中显著上升。值得注意的是,另一种优势乳酸杆菌菌种鼠乳杆菌Lactobacillus murinus在肉桂提取物干预的小鼠中呈现下降趋势,并在T1D小鼠中差异显著(p<0.05)(图6)。
综上所述,含有燕麦-肉桂-茯苓的降糖营养餐粉体的摄入分别对正常小鼠和T1DM小鼠肠道菌群结构产生影响,分别调控了不同菌属的富集,能显著促进肠道乳酸杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、拟杆菌属和阿克曼氏菌属等益生菌增殖,促进乙酸、丁酸和总短链脂肪酸等代谢产物含量增加,具有显著调节肠道菌群的作用。
上述实施例为本申请较佳的实现方案,除此之外,本申请还可以其它方式实现,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下任何显而易见的替换均在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,包括:主套餐粉剂52-58%、副套餐粉剂4-6%、辅料余量;
所述主套餐粉剂包括以下重量份的原料:燕麦24-72份、肉桂36-108份、茯苓12-36份、人参15-45份、山药15-45份、玉竹15-45份、葛根10-20份;
所述副套餐粉剂包括以下重量份的原料:芝麻10-20份、黑加仑10-20份、木糖醇10-20份、花生10-20份、红枣10-20份;
所述辅料为大米膨化粉、抗性糊精、麦芽糊精、乳清蛋白、大豆分离蛋白中的任一种或者多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,包括:主套餐粉剂55%、副套餐粉剂5%、辅料余量;所述主套餐粉剂中燕麦、肉桂、茯苓的重量比为2:3:1;
所述辅料为乳清蛋白。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐,其特征在于,所述主套餐粉剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取燕麦、肉桂、茯苓、人参、山药、玉竹、葛根,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,混合均匀,然后在50-70℃烘干杀菌2-3h,得到主套餐粉剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐,其特征在于,所述副套餐粉剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将芝麻、黑加仑、木糖醇、花生和红枣去除杂质,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,混合均匀,然后在50-70℃烘干杀菌2-3h,得到副套餐粉剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐,其特征在于,所述辅料以重量份为单位,包括以下原料:
大米膨化粉1-4份、抗性糊精2-8份、麦芽糊精3-12份、乳清蛋白4-16份、大豆分离蛋白5-25份。
6.一种根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.主套餐粉剂的制备
取燕麦、肉桂、茯苓、人参、山药、玉竹、葛根,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,混合均匀,然后在50-70℃烘干杀菌2-3h,得到主套餐粉剂;
S2.副套餐粉剂的制备
将芝麻、黑加仑、木糖醇、花生和红枣去除杂质,各原料分别粉碎,分别过5目筛和24目筛,选取粒度为24目到5目之间的粉末,按组成原料的重量份称重取料,混合均匀,然后在50-70℃烘干杀菌2-3h,得到副套餐粉剂;
S3.降糖营养餐的制备
将辅料在50-70℃烘干杀菌2-3h;再按照重量百分比组成,备料主套餐粉剂、副套餐粉剂、辅料;将主套餐粉剂、副套餐粉剂、辅料进行充分混合后,进行冷冻超微粉碎,得到降糖营养餐。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种药食同源的糖尿病降糖营养餐的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S3中,所述冷冻超微粉碎,冷冻温度为-5~0℃,超微粉碎要求为过100-200目筛。
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CN116114876A (zh) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-05-16 | 东莞市东南部中心医院 | 一种含甘蔗多酚与莱茵衣藻的降血糖组合物及其制备方法 |
CN116114876B (zh) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-06-14 | 东莞市东南部中心医院 | 一种含甘蔗多酚与莱茵衣藻的降血糖组合物及其制备方法 |
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