CN115473456A - Flowing water energy power generation collection method and device based on metal oxide - Google Patents
Flowing water energy power generation collection method and device based on metal oxide Download PDFInfo
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- CN115473456A CN115473456A CN202211129148.6A CN202211129148A CN115473456A CN 115473456 A CN115473456 A CN 115473456A CN 202211129148 A CN202211129148 A CN 202211129148A CN 115473456 A CN115473456 A CN 115473456A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy, and particularly relates to a flowing water energy power generation collection method and device based on a metal oxide electrode. The invention utilizes the oxygen vacancy structure of metal oxide to adsorb a large amount of charged particles in water so as to generate potential on the surface; when the water area is subjected to continuous flow change, the potential on the surface of the metal oxide electrode can be stably changed; the potential of the reference electrode is unchanged in water regardless of any flow, and the reference electrode plays a role of reference potential; thereby continuously outputting electric energy; the method specifically comprises the following steps: oxidizing the metal electrode by adopting an electrochemical oxidation method to obtain a metal oxide electrode; placing a plurality of metal oxide electrodes and reference electrodes in a region of water in communication and flow; and connecting the electric energy acquisition device with the metal oxide electrode and the reference electrode by using leads, measuring the voltage and current of a loop, and collecting electric energy. The method is simple and has high economic, environmental and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy, and particularly relates to a flowing water energy power generation collecting method and device based on a metal oxide electrode.
Background
The water energy is an important green energy, is pollution-free and reusable compared with other traditional fossil energy, has huge potential and is also the key point of the development of the field of new energy at present.
At present, the most extensive water energy utilization mode is that a hydraulic generator is driven to operate through water flow impact, the potential energy of water is converted into mechanical energy, and the hydraulic generator converts the mechanical energy into electric energy. The traditional hydroelectric generation mode has the defects of large equipment volume, high construction cost, terrain limitation, damage to ecological balance during the construction of large reservoirs and the like, and more importantly, weak water energy cannot be utilized, so that the efficient utilization and development of the water energy are seriously limited. Therefore, more water energy acquisition methods are needed.
Based on the phenomenon that nano materials such as carbon, graphene and the like are coupled with water to generate electric potential, a plurality of researchers invent a nano-hydro-generator which is used for directly collecting flowing energy of flowing water, wave energy of seawater, evaporation energy of water vapor and the like. However, the existing method has some key problems, such as limitation of the structural size of the material to the nanometer level, high manufacturing difficulty, low power generation efficiency, less total power generation amount, high requirement on the concentration of water ions and the like, and cannot be used for large-scale power generation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention utilizes the unique oxygen vacancy structure of the metal oxide to adsorb a large amount of charged particles in water, so that the surface of the charged particles generates electric potential; when the water area continuously flows and changes, the potential of the surface of the metal oxide electrode changes stably, while the potential of the reference electrode does not change, so that a potential difference is formed, and electric energy is continuously output.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a flowing water power generation collecting method based on a metal oxide electrode, the collecting method specifically including the following steps:
oxidizing the metal electrode by adopting an electrochemical oxidation method to obtain a metal oxide electrode; the metal electrode is any one of tungsten, tantalum or molybdenum;
placing a plurality of metal oxide electrodes and reference electrodes in a region of water in communication and flow;
and connecting the electric energy acquisition device with the metal oxide electrode and the reference electrode by using leads, measuring the voltage and current of a loop, and collecting electric energy.
Further, the step of oxidizing the pure metal electrode by an electrochemical oxidation method to obtain the tungsten oxide electrode specifically comprises the following steps:
placing a pure metal electrode in a sulfuric acid solution, and electrochemically oxidizing for 15-30 times by adopting a cyclic voltammetry method;
the cyclic voltammetry comprises the following process parameters: the scanning voltage is 1-2-1V, and the scanning speed is 0.02-0.1V/s.
Further, the reference electrode has a resistance of less than 10 4 Omega metal electrodes or silicon carbide electrodes.
Further, the collecting method further comprises:
when the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, a saturated calomel electrode or a SiC electrode, the resistance of the reference electrode is more than 10 4 Omega, an auxiliary electrode is provided to measure the current flowing through the oxide electrode.
The metal oxide electrode leads out a lead to be connected with a back end circuit, and the joint of the metal oxide electrode and the lead needs to be sealed to prevent water from contacting.
Based on the unified invention concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a flowing water energy power generation and collection device based on the metal oxide electrode, and the flowing water energy power generation and collection device comprises an oxide electrode and a reference electrode; the metal oxide electrode and the reference electrode are arranged in a communicated and flowing water area; the metal oxide electrode and the reference electrode are connected with the electric energy acquisition device through leads.
Further, the metal oxide electrode may be plural and connected in series and parallel to each other.
Further, when the reference electrode resistance is more than 10 4 Omega, the flowing water energy power generation collecting device further comprises an auxiliary electrode to measure the loop current.
Further, when the ion concentration of the communicated and flowing water areas is different, the electric energy collected by the flowing water energy power generation and collection device is different. In the water region with small ion concentration, the collected voltage is larger; in a water region where the ion concentration is large, the collected voltage is small.
Has the beneficial effects that:
compared with a hydroelectric generator based on nano structures such as carbon nano tubes and graphene, the hydroelectric generation method and the device can realize stable power generation under macroscopic size, the generated energy is dozens of times of that of the nano generator, and meanwhile, the device is simple in structure and manufacture and low in cost.
The invention provides a new flowing water energy power generation method, which can continuously obtain electric energy from flowing water, is clean and pollution-free, has higher economic, environmental and social benefits, and also has the technical potential of practical application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flowing water power generation and collection device based on a metal oxide electrode according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the water power generation collection of the electric quantity water flow channel system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph of the open circuit voltage versus the water flow rate provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the open-circuit voltage and the water flow rate at different ion concentrations according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the current through the water flow rate according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph of the open circuit voltage versus the water flow rate provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the current through the water flow rate according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of open circuit voltage versus water flow rate as provided in example 3 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the passage current and the water flow rate according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
The designations in the drawings are specifically:
1-1, metal oxide electrode; 1-2, a reference electrode; 2-1, metal oxide electrodes; 2-2, a reference electrode; 2-3, an auxiliary electrode; 2-4, a liquid storage tank; 2-5, peristaltic pump; 2-6, a communicating hose.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical content of the present invention, the detailed description is given herein with reference to specific examples and drawings, and it is obvious that the examples are only preferred embodiments of the technical solution, and other technical solutions that can be obviously derived by those skilled in the art from the technical content disclosed still belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In an embodiment of the invention, the flowing water power generation collection method based on the metal oxide electrode comprises the following steps:
adding H with the purity of more than 99.99% to a metal electrode with the purity of 0.1mol/L 2 SO 4 In the solution, performing electrochemical oxidation for 15-30 times by using a cyclic voltammetry, wherein the scanning voltage is 1-2-1V, and the scanning rate is 0.02-0.1V/s; the metal oxide electrode may be oxidized by chemical oxidation. The prepared metal oxide electrode is led out through a lead and connected to a back end circuit, and the joint of the electrode and the lead needs to be sealed to prevent water from contacting.
The reference electrode is a metal electrode with low resistivity, and if the selected reference electrode has high resistance, an auxiliary electrode can be introduced to measure the current flowing through the oxide electrode. The tungsten oxide electrode and the reference electrode are arranged in a communicated and flowing water area, when water flows through the oxide electrode, a double electric layer is formed on the surface of the oxide electrode in contact with a water body, the flow velocity of the water flow is larger, the flow potential formed by the interaction of the oxide electrode and the water flow is larger, and the flowing water energy effect is more remarkable.
When the internal resistance of the reference electrode is small, the tungsten oxide electrode and the reference electrode form a voltage loop and a current loop; when the internal resistance of the reference electrode is large, the tungsten oxide electrode and the reference electrode form a voltage loop, and the tungsten oxide electrode and the auxiliary electrode form a current loop. The product of the current loop and the voltage loop is the power generation amount.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a flowing water power generation collecting device based on a metal oxide electrode, which comprises a plurality of metal oxide electrodes 1-1, reference electrodes 1-2 and an electric energy collecting device which are connected in parallel, wherein the metal oxide electrodes 1-1 and the reference electrodes 1-2 are arranged in a communicated and flowing water area, and the solid metal oxide electrode 1-1 can adsorb a large number of charged particles in water through a unique oxygen vacancy structure on the surface so as to generate an electric potential on the surface; when the water area is subjected to continuous flow change, the potential of the surface of the metal oxide electrode can be stably changed; and the reference electrode 1-2 has no change in potential regardless of any flow in water, and functions as a reference potential, thereby continuously outputting electric energy.
Example 1
As shown in figure 2, a quantitative water flow channel system is built in the embodiment of the invention to prove that flowing water can be continuously converted into electric energy, and the quantitative water flow channel system comprises a liquid storage tank 2-4, a communication hose 2-6, a peristaltic pump 2-5, a metal oxide electrode 2-1, a reference electrode 2-2 and an auxiliary electrode 2-3. In the invention example 1, pure tungsten electrode with purity of more than 99.99% is added with H of 0.1mol/L 2 SO 4 In the solution, electrochemical oxidation is carried out for 20 times by cyclic voltammetry, the scanning voltage is 1-2-1V, and the scanning speed is 0.05mV/s. The surface of which is oxidized from compact WO 3 Inner layer and relaxed WO 3 .xH 2 And an outer layer of O. The tungsten oxide electrode prepared by the electrochemical oxidation method was used as a metal oxide electrode 1-1, as shown in fig. 1.
In this example 1, a tungsten oxide sheet with a thickness of 0.5mm and an area of 5 × 10mm is used, and the contact area with the water flow is large; a plurality of tungsten oxide electrodes 2-1 are arranged in a circulating pipeline, electric signals are led out by using lead clamps, and the middle parts are sealed and fixed by using hot melt adhesive, as shown in figure 2.
The reference electrode 2-2 is a saturated Ag/AgCl electrode, and a platinum electrode with small resistance is introduced as an auxiliary electrode for current detection because the resistance of the reference electrode is overlarge. The present invention is not limited to the kind of the reference electrode, and a metal electrode, a silicon carbide electrode, or the like having a stable potential in a flowing liquid can be used, which has a small internal resistance.
An open-circuit voltage E detection unit is arranged between the tungsten oxide electrode 2-1 and the reference electrode 2-2; and a current I detection unit is arranged between the tungsten oxide electrode and the auxiliary electrode. The open-circuit voltage E detection unit and the current I detection unit are both detected by an electrochemical workstation.
In embodiment 1 of the present invention, the peristaltic pump is controlled to make the water flow rates in the pipes 0.0166,0.0332,0.0497,0.0664,0.0830,0.0996,0.1162,0.01328,0.1494,0.1660,0.1826 (m/s), respectively, and the real-time flow rate response measured by the open-circuit voltage detection unit E is as shown in fig. 3, so that the tungsten oxide electrode can find the instantaneous response water flow rate. At a water flow rate of-0.18 m/s, a voltage of up to 40mV is generated, the flow rate and the voltage are linearly related, and the sensitivity is about 0.19200V/(m/s). In the present embodiment, the water flow channel system of the quantitative peristaltic pump shown in fig. 2 can provide a maximum water flow rate of 0.189m/s, and from the response characteristics shown in fig. 3, it can be known that the tungsten oxide electrode can respond to a higher flow rate and generate a larger flow potential. Experiments were performed on water streams of different ion concentrations: when the flow rate parameters of the water areas are consistent, the flow rate parameters are 0.0332,0.0664,0.0996,0.01328,0.1660 (m/s), and the flow potentials generated by the tungsten oxide electrodes in the water area environments with different ion concentrations are different; as shown in fig. 4, the real-time flow rate responses of the tungsten oxide electrode in purified water, tap water, 0.01mol/LKCL solution and 0.1mol/LKCL solution respectively show similarities, but response sensitivities are different; in pure water with a small ion concentration, the tungsten oxide electrode generates a flow potential of approximately 2V, while in a 0.1mol/LKCL solution with a large ion concentration, the tungsten oxide electrode generates a flow potential of approximately 15mV.
In example 1, since a saturated Ag/AgCl electrode was used as a reference electrode, its internal resistance was close to 10 9 Omega, resulting in too little current between the tungsten oxide electrode and the reference electrode loop to be conveniently collected. Therefore, the internal resistance is introduced to be less than 10 4 Omega auxiliary electrodes (platinum sheet electrodes) were used to test the current change caused by the water flow. The flow rates are set to be 0.0332,0.0664,0.0996,0.01328,0.1660 (m/s), respectively, and the real-time response measured by the current I detection unit is shown in FIG. 5: it was found that the flow rate also has a linear relationship with the current, with a sensitivity of 0.00022A/(m/s).
Example 2
In the embodiment 2 of the invention, a metal tantalum rod with the diameter of 3mm and the length of 20mm is adopted.
In the embodiment 2, a tantalum oxide electrode is taken as a working electrode 1-1, and the tantalum oxide electrode further comprises a reference electrode 1-2 and an electric energy collecting device, as shown in fig. 1; the preparation method of the tantalum oxide electrode 1-1 is consistent with that of the tungsten oxide electrode, and the prepared tantalum oxide electrode 1-1 is tested in a quantitative water flow channel system shown in fig. 2, so as to confirm that the tantalum oxide electrode 1-1 can continuously convert flowing water into electric energy.
In embodiment 2, the peristaltic pump is controlled, the water flow velocities in the pipes are gradually overlapped, and are 0.0332,0.0664,0.0996,0.01328,0.1660 (m/s), respectively, and the real-time flow velocity response measured by the open-circuit voltage detection unit E is as shown in fig. 6, and the instantaneous response water flow velocity of the tantalum oxide electrode can be found. At a water flow rate of-0.17 m/s, voltages of up to 150mV are generated. Meanwhile, the relation between the flow rate and the voltage presents better linearity and superposition, and the sensitivity is about 0.9987V/(m/s).
Similarly, in example 2, the internal resistance of the reference electrode (saturated Ag/AgCl electrode) was close to 10 9 Omega, the internal resistance is too large, so that the current between the tantalum oxide electrode and the reference electrode loop is too small to be collected conveniently. Therefore, the internal resistance is introduced to be less than 10 4 Omega auxiliary electrodes (platinum sheet electrodes) were used to test the current change caused by the water flow. The flow rates are set to be gradually superposed, namely 0.0332,0.0664,0.0996,0.01328,0.1660 (m/s), and the real-time response measured by the current I detection unit is shown in FIG. 7. It was found that the flow rate also has a linear relationship with the current, with a sensitivity of 0.00043A/(m/s).
Example 3
In the embodiment 3 of the invention, a metal molybdenum rod with the diameter of 3mm and the length of 20mm is adopted.
In the embodiment 3 of the invention, a molybdenum oxide electrode is taken as a working electrode 1-1, and the molybdenum oxide electrode further comprises a reference electrode 1-2 and an electric energy collecting device, as shown in figure 1; the preparation method of the molybdenum oxide electrode 1-1 is consistent with that of the tungsten oxide electrode and the tantalum oxide electrode, and the prepared molybdenum oxide electrode 1-1 is tested in a quantitative water flow channel system shown in fig. 2, so that the molybdenum oxide electrode 1-1 can continuously convert flowing water into electric energy.
In embodiment 3, the peristaltic pump is controlled, the water flow velocity in the pipeline is set to be gradually reduced to 0.1660,0.01328,0.0996,0.0664,0.0332 (m/s), and the real-time flow velocity response measured by the open-circuit voltage detection unit E is as shown in fig. 8, and the tantalum oxide electrode can be found to be instantaneously responsive to the water flow velocity. At a water flow rate of-0.17 m/s, voltages of up to 150mV are generated. Meanwhile, the relation between the flow velocity and the voltage presents better linearity and superposition, and the sensitivity is about 0.9887V/(m/s).
Similarly, in example 3, the internal resistance of the reference electrode (saturated Ag/AgCl electrode) was close to 10 9 Omega, the internal resistance is too large, so that the current between the molybdenum oxide electrode and the reference electrode loop is too small to be collected conveniently. Therefore, the internal resistance is introduced to be less than 10 4 Omega auxiliary electrodes (platinum sheet electrodes) were used to test the current change caused by the water flow. The set flow rates were gradually reduced to 0.1660,0.01328,0.0996,0.0664,0.0332 (m/s), respectively, and the real-time response measured by the current I detection unit is shown in fig. 9. It was found that the flow rate also has a linear relationship with the current, and the sensitivity was 0.00018A/(m/s).
In conclusion, the metal oxide electrode-based photovoltaic power generation device can continuously and stably output electric energy in a flowing water area, and the photovoltaic power generation device can be flexibly designed in structure, is simple to manufacture and is low in cost; and the power generation method is clean and pollution-free, and has high practical application potential.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical scope of the present invention, and equivalents and modifications of the technical solutions and concepts of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The flowing water power generation collection method based on the metal oxide electrode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
oxidizing a metal electrode by adopting a chemical oxidation method or an electrochemical oxidation method to obtain a metal oxide electrode, wherein the metal electrode is any one of tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, titanium, niobium or platinum;
placing a plurality of metal oxide electrodes and reference electrodes in a region of water in communication and flow;
and connecting the electric energy acquisition device with the metal oxide electrode and the reference electrode by using leads, measuring the voltage and current of a loop, and collecting electric energy.
2. The flowing water power generation collection method based on the metal oxide electrode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of oxidizing the metal electrode by electrochemical oxidation to obtain the metal oxide electrode is specifically as follows:
placing the metal electrode in a sulfuric acid solution, and electrochemically oxidizing for 15-30 times by adopting a cyclic voltammetry method;
the cyclic voltammetry comprises the following process parameters: the scanning voltage is 1-2-1V, and the scanning speed is 0.02-0.1V/s.
3. The flowing water power generation collection method based on metal oxide electrode of claim 1, wherein the reference electrode has a resistance of less than 10 4 Omega metal electrodes or silicon carbide electrodes.
4. The flowing water power generation collection method based on a metal oxide electrode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collection method further comprises:
when the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, a saturated calomel electrode or a SiC electrode, the resistance of the reference electrode is more than 10 4 Omega, an auxiliary electrode is provided to measure the current flowing through the tungsten oxide electrode.
5. The flowing water energy power generation and collection device is characterized by comprising a metal oxide electrode and a reference electrode;
the metal oxide electrode and the reference electrode are arranged in a communicated and flowing water area; the metal oxide electrode and the reference electrode are connected with the electric energy acquisition device through leads.
6. The metal oxide electrode based flowing water power generation collection device of claim 5, wherein said plurality of metal oxide electrodes can be plural and connected in series and parallel with each other.
7. The flowing water power generation collection device based on metal oxide electrode of claim 5, wherein when the reference electrode resistance is greater than 10 4 And omega, the flowing water energy power generation collecting device further comprises an auxiliary electrode to measure the loop current.
8. The metal oxide electrode-based flowing water power generation collection device of claim 5, wherein the flowing water power generation collection device collects different electric energy when the ion concentration of the connected and flowing water region is different; in the water region with small ion concentration, the collected voltage is larger; in a water region where the ion concentration is large, the collected voltage is small.
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