CN115467949A - 用于机动车的变速器 - Google Patents

用于机动车的变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115467949A
CN115467949A CN202210183361.9A CN202210183361A CN115467949A CN 115467949 A CN115467949 A CN 115467949A CN 202210183361 A CN202210183361 A CN 202210183361A CN 115467949 A CN115467949 A CN 115467949A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
transmission
input shaft
planetary gear
gear set
spur gear
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Pending
Application number
CN202210183361.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
F·库特尔
M·布雷默
M·霍恩
O·拜耳
J·卡尔滕巴赫
T·马丁
M·维克斯
T·克罗
M·巴赫曼
P·齐默
J·帕夫拉克维奇
I·普凡库亨
S·贝克
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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Publication of CN115467949A publication Critical patent/CN115467949A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/001—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion convertible for varying the gear-ratio, e.g. for selecting one of several shafts as the input shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
    • F16H3/52—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/58—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with sets of orbital gears, each consisting of two or more intermeshing orbital gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2041—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with four engaging means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的变速器(4)，包括第一输入轴(9)、第二输入轴(10)和一个输出轴(14)。在此设置有第一行星齿轮组(17)和第二行星齿轮组(18)，所述行星齿轮组分别具有一个第一元件(19、20)、一个第二元件(21、22)和一个第三元件(23、24)。此外，设置有第一切换元件(U)和第二切换元件(D)。为了实现变速器(4)的紧凑结构，第一输入轴(9)可通过第一切换元件(U)不可相对转动地与第一行星齿轮组(17)的第一元件(19)连接并且可通过第二切换元件(D)不可相对转动地与输出轴(14)连接。此外，第一行星齿轮组(17)的第二元件(21)不可相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组(18)的第三元件(24)连接，而第一行星齿轮组(17)的第三元件(23)是固定的。第二输入轴(10)不可相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组(18)的第一元件(20)连接，而输出轴(14)不可相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组(18)的第二元件(22)连接。

Description

用于机动车的变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的变速器，包括第一输入轴、第二输入轴和输出轴，其中，第一输入轴构造用于将变速器与机动车的驱动机器连接，第二输入轴与电机的转子耦合，设置有第一行星齿轮组和第二行星齿轮组，这些行星齿轮组分别具有呈太阳轮、行星架和齿圈形式的第一元件、第二元件和第三元件，并且设置有第一切换元件和第二切换元件。本发明还涉及一种机动车动力传动系以及一种用于运行变速器的方法。
背景技术
在机动车中已知多挡变速器，在其中可通过操作相应切换元件切换作为挡位的多个不同传动比，这优选自动完成。变速器在此用于根据不同的标准适合地实现机动车驱动机器的牵引力供应。在用于混合动力车辆的变速器中，上述变速器常常与一个或多个电机组合，所述至少一个电机在此可以不同方式接入变速器中以实现不同运行模式、如纯电动行驶。
DE 10 2014 220 971 A1公开了一种变速器，该变速器具有第一输入轴和第二输入轴，它们可通过一个切换元件不可相对转动地相互连接。电机的转子不可相对转动地连接到第二输入轴上，而第一输入轴用于连接变速器上游的驱动机器。此外，该变速器具有两个行星齿轮组，所述行星齿轮组分别具有一个呈太阳轮形式的第一元件、一个呈行星架形式的第二元件和一个呈齿圈形式的第三元件。此外，设有多个切换元件，通过这些切换元件的选择性操作可将不同的力流从一个或两个输入轴一起通过行星齿轮组传输到输出侧。
发明内容
从上述现有技术出发，本发明的任务在于实现一种结构尽可能紧凑并且制造成本低的变速器，通过该变速器应能够实现混合功能。
所述任务基于权利要求1的前序部分结合其特征部分特征来解决。后面的从属权利要求分别给出本发明的有利扩展方案。此外，其中设置有上述变速器的机动车动力传动系是权利要求15的技术方案。权利要求16至18分别涉及用于运行变速器的方法。
根据本发明，变速器包括第一输入轴、第二输入轴和输出轴，其中，第一输入轴构造用于将变速器与机动车的驱动机器连接。而第二输入轴与电机的转子耦合。此外，设置有第一行星齿轮组和第二行星齿轮组，各所述行星齿轮组分别具有呈太阳轮、行星架、齿圈形式的第一元件、第二元件和第三元件。此外，根据本发明的变速器具有第一切换元件和第二切换元件。
本发明意义上的“轴”应理解为变速器的可旋转构件，通过该构件可在必要时在同时操作相应切换元件的情况下在各部件之间传导力流。相应的轴可在轴向或径向上或者既在轴向上又在径向上将部件彼此连接。因此，相应的轴也可以是中间件，通过该中间件例如径向连接相应的部件。
本发明意义上的“轴向”是指在变速器纵向中心轴线方向上的定向，变速器和两个行星齿轮组的轴的旋转轴线平行于该纵向中心轴线定向。“径向”则应理解为在变速器的相应部件的直径方向上的定向。
根据本发明的变速器具有一个电机，这使得变速器适合用于混合动力或电动车辆。在此，电机的转子直接或间接地连接在第二输入轴上，电机在此在本发明范围中优选一方面可作为发电机运行并且另一方面可作为电动机运行。本发明意义上的电机转子与第二输入轴的“耦合”应理解为它们之间的连接，从而在电机转子和第二输入轴之间存在恒定的转速关系。特别优选在根据本发明的变速器中设置恰好一个电机。
现在本发明包括下述技术教导：第一输入轴可通过第一切换元件不可相对转动地与第一行星齿轮组的第一元件连接并且可通过第二切换元件不可相对转动地与输出轴连接。此外，第一行星齿轮组的第二元件不可相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组的第三元件连接，而第一行星齿轮组的第三元件是固定的。此外，第二输入轴不可相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组的第一元件连接，而输出轴不可相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组的第二元件连接。
换言之，在根据本发明的变速器中，第一行星齿轮组的第二元件不可相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组的第三元件连接，而第一行星齿轮组的第三元件是固定的并且因此永久地被防止旋转运动。此外，第二输入轴持续不可相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组的第一元件连接，而在输出轴和第二行星齿轮组的第二元件之间存在永久的不可相对转动的连接。
闭合第一切换元件导致在第一输入轴和第一行星齿轮组的第一元件之间的不可相对转动的连接，而第二切换元件在其***作状态中确保在第一输入轴和输出轴之间的不可相对转动的连接。在后一种情况下，由此可绕过两个行星齿轮组实现从第一输入轴到输出轴的力流传输。
两个输入轴和输出轴优选彼此同轴，输出轴和两个输入轴在此尤其是分别设计为空心轴，这些空心轴设置成径向环绕一个实心轴并且与该实心轴部分轴向重叠，借助该实心轴通过闭合第一切换元件在第一输入轴和第一行星齿轮组的第一元件之间建立不可相对转动的连接。
在轴向方向上，尤其是关于第一输入轴与上游驱动机器的连接，所述两个行星齿轮组的顺序是第二行星齿轮组，然后是第一行星齿轮组。
第一切换元件和第二切换元件在当前情况下是离合器，它们在***作时将直接连接到其上的变速器部件——必要时预先减小转速差——不可相对转动地相互连接。
根据本发明的变速器设计的优点是可实现结构紧凑的变速器，其还具有制造成本低的特点。第一输入轴与上游驱动机器的连接可在中间不连接起动元件的情况下进行，因为可通过上游驱动机器借助电机实现起动。
借助根据本发明的变速器可实现不同的运行模式以及混合功能。因此，可这样运行根据本发明的变速器，使得实现充电运行或起动运行，为此闭合第一切换元件。由此输入轴以及因此连接到第一输入轴上的驱动电机和电机通过两个行星齿轮组相互耦合，其方式是，第一输入轴通过第一行星齿轮组连接到第二行星齿轮组的第三元件并且电机通过第二输入轴与第二行星齿轮组的第一元件连接，而输出轴通过第二行星齿轮组的第二元件支撑。由此可在电机的发电机运行中实现充电运行，这可特别有利地在机动车静止时实现，因为在这种情况下，第二行星齿轮组的第二元件也通过输出端以及因此连接于其上的机动车质量体被防止旋转运动。但在电机的电动机运行中，由此也可起动上游驱动机器。
作为另一种运行模式还可实现功率分流行驶。为此与在充电或起动运行时一样闭合第一切换元件，使得驱动机器通过第一行星齿轮组驱动第二行星齿轮组的第三元件并且同时电机在第二行星齿轮组的第一元件上支撑或驱动，而通过第二行星齿轮组的第二元件向输出轴进行输出。在通过电机支撑扭矩时，在此可实现用于向前行驶的起动。此外，在机动车行驶期间，可同时通过驱动机器和电机进行功率分流驱动，第二行星齿轮组在此用作对来自驱动机器和电机的驱动功率进行累加的累加级。在这种功率分流过程中，电机在此——必要时也与上游驱动机器的拖动运行结合——可作为发电机运行并且因此用于制动。相反，如果第二切换元件闭合并且由此第一输入轴不可相对转动地与输出轴连接，则可通过上游驱动机器进行纯行驶。
特别优选第一行星齿轮组的第一元件是太阳轮，第一行星齿轮组的第二元件在第一行星齿轮组设计为负行星齿轮组时是行星架并且在第一行星齿轮组设计为正行星齿轮组时是齿圈，以及第一行星齿轮组的第三元件在第一行星齿轮组设计为负行星齿轮组时是齿圈并且在第一行星齿轮组设计为正行星齿轮组时是行星架。如果将第一行星齿轮组实现为负行星齿轮组，则第一行星齿轮组的第一元件是太阳轮，第一行星齿轮组的第二元件是行星架并且第一行星齿轮组的第三元件是齿圈。相反，如果第一行星齿轮组是正行星齿轮组，则第一行星齿轮组的第一元件实现为太阳轮，第一行星齿轮组的第二元件实现为齿圈并且第一行星齿轮组的第三元件实现为行星架。
替代或附加于此，第二行星齿轮组的第一元件是太阳轮，第二行星齿轮组的第二元件在第二行星齿轮组设计为负行星齿轮组时是行星架并且在第二行星齿轮组设计为正行星齿轮组时是齿圈，以及第二行星齿轮组的第三元件在第二行星齿轮组设计为负行星齿轮组时是齿圈并且在第二行星齿轮组设计为正行星齿轮组时是行星架。如果将第二行星齿轮组实现为负行星齿轮组，则第二行星齿轮组的第一元件是太阳轮，第二行星齿轮组的第二元件是行星架并且第二行星齿轮组的第三元件是齿圈。相反，如果第二行星齿轮组是正行星齿轮组，则第二行星齿轮组的第一元件设计为太阳轮，第二行星齿轮组的第二元件设计为齿圈并且第二行星齿轮组的第三元件设计为行星架。
在本发明的意义中，在负行星齿轮组中至少一个、但优选多个行星齿轮可旋转地支承在相应行星架中，这些行星齿轮分别与相应的太阳轮并且也与相应环绕的齿圈啮合。与此不同，在设计为正行星齿轮组的情况下，一个相应的行星架支承至少一对行星齿轮，在一对行星齿轮中一个行星齿轮与相应的、内侧的太阳轮啮合并且另一个行星齿轮与相应的、环绕的齿圈啮合，并且所述行星齿轮相互啮合。
在各个元件的连接允许的情况下，负行星齿轮组可转换成正行星齿轮组，在这种情况下，与设计为负行星齿轮组相比，齿圈连接和行星架连接应互换，并且相应行星级的固定传动比将增加1。相反，如果变速器元件的连接允许，也可用负行星齿轮组代替正行星齿轮组。在此与正行星齿轮组相比，齿圈连接和行星架连接也应互换，并且行星级的固定传动比将减小1。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，所述输出轴通过一个正齿轮级与输出侧耦合。优选在输出侧建立与轴向平行于变速器的输入轴和输出轴设置的差速器的耦合。在此，输出侧优选沿轴向位于一方面第一输入轴连接到上游驱动机器的连接位置和另一方面两个行星齿轮组之间。但原则上输出侧也可设置在变速器的轴向端部之间的其它区域中，即沿轴向设置在两个行星齿轮组的靠近或远离第一输入轴的连接位置的一侧上。这种布置方式特别适合用于具有横向于机动车行驶方向定向的传动系的机动车中。
但作为替代方案，变速器的输出侧原则上也可设置在变速器的与第一输入轴的连接位置相对置的轴向端部上。由此，通过第一输入轴的驱动和变速器的输出设置在变速器的彼此相对置的轴向端部上。这样设计的变速器适合应用于具有沿机动车行驶方向定向的传动系的机动车中。
在上述实施方式的扩展方案中，所述正齿轮级包括不可相对转动地设置在输出轴上的第一正齿轮和与该第一正齿轮啮合的第二正齿轮，所述第二正齿轮不可相对转动地设置一个在与输出侧耦合的副轴上。这具有以下优点：由此可通过设置一个副轴以简单的方式实现轴向平行的输出，在此通过所述正齿轮级实现附加的传动比。更优选在该正齿轮级的第二正齿轮上也建立与输出侧的耦合，这尤其是通过使另一正齿轮与第二正齿轮啮合来实现。所述另一正齿轮在此是轴向平行设置的差速器的驱动冠状齿轮。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，通过操作另一切换元件，第二输入轴可经由一个正齿轮级与变速器的输出侧耦合。通过在第二输入轴和输出侧之间设置一个正齿轮级，第二输入轴以及因此电机可独立于第一输入轴与输出侧连接。优选所述正齿轮级在此具有第一正齿轮和与该第一正齿轮啮合的第二正齿轮，所述第二正齿轮可通过所述另一切换元件不可相对转动地与第二输入轴连接。第一正齿轮在此不可相对转动地设置在与输出侧耦合的副轴上。特别优选这种实施方式和必要时其扩展方案在此与前述实施方式结合实现，在其中输出轴通过一个正齿轮级与输出侧耦合。
因此，在这种结合中可通过闭合第一切换元件和所述另一切换元件在第一输入轴和输出侧之间切换到第一挡位，而通过操作第二切换元件在第一输入轴和输出侧之间形成第二挡位。此外，可通过操作所述另一切换元件在第二输入轴和输出侧之间实现第一挡位，从而在切换到第一输入轴和输出侧之间的第一挡位时始终也相应地切换到该挡位。与此相应，在第一输入轴和输出侧之间作用的第一挡位中，可通过上游驱动机器和电机并行行驶。但当挂入第一输入轴和输出侧之间的第二挡位时，也可有针对性地切换到第二输入轴和输出侧之间的第一挡位，以便也在此实现通过驱动机器和电机的并行行驶。相反，如果仅挂入第二输入轴和输出侧之间的第一挡位，则可根据电机作为电动机或作为发电机的运行通过电机进行纯电动行驶或通过电机进行纯能量回收。在此，根据通过电机引入的旋转方向可在机动车的前进或后退方向上实现纯电动行驶。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式，设置有一个附加切换元件，通过该附加切换元件可固定输出轴。就此而言，该附加切换元件是制动器，其在***作状态中固定输出轴并因此防止旋转运动。设置这种附加切换元件的优点是可通过固定输出轴来实现驻车锁止。在该实施方式的扩展方案中，所述附加切换元件在***作时固定可将第二输入轴与输出轴耦合的正齿轮级的正齿轮。由此，可以简单的方式并且以较低的制造成本实现输出轴的固定。
特别优选当要在机动车静止时通过闭合第一切换元件实现充电或起动运行时，也操作所述附加切换元件。由此第二行星齿轮组的第二元件于是也通过输出轴固定，使得第二行星齿轮组在与第一行星齿轮组相互作用的情况下将输入轴彼此耦合。
本发明的另一种变型方案在于所述另一切换元件和所述附加切换元件组合成一个切换装置，在该切换装置中可通过一个操作装置一方面操作所述另一切换元件并且另一方面操作所述附加切换元件。由此，可以有利的方式通过一个共同的伺服致动器来操作两个切换元件，这进一步降低了制造成本。
在本发明的扩展方案中，所述单个切换元件设计为形锁合切换元件、尤其是爪形切换元件。但作为替代方案，形锁合切换元件也可以是锁止同步装置。形锁合切换元件原则上具有以下优点，即它们在打开状态中仅具有低的拖曳力矩并且与此相应地具有高效率的特点。但作为替代方案，所述单个切换元件也可设计为力锁合切换元件、如片式切换元件，力锁合切换元件即使在载荷下也可有利地转换到***作状态中。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，所述电机与第二输入轴同轴设置，所述电机的转子不可相对转动地与第二输入轴连接。由此可实现良好的机械效率。在这种实施方式的扩展方案中，第一行星齿轮组和第一行星齿轮组沿轴向设置电机的高度上并且设置在电机的径向内侧。由此可实现变速器的紧凑结构。
但在上述实施方式的范围内，电机的转子也可通过一个或多个传动级与第二输入轴耦合，所述一个或多个传动级在此可以是行星级和/或正齿轮级。原则上，在本发明的意义中电机的轴向平行布置也是可能的，在这种情况下，电机的转子通过一个或多个中间的传动级或牵引传动机构与第二输入轴连接。
在本发明的扩展方案中，第一切换元件和第二切换元件组合成一个切换装置，在该切换装置中可通过一个操作装置一方面操作第一切换元件并且另一方面操作第二切换元件。因而在这种情况下，第一切换元件和第二切换元件也可分配有一个共同的伺服致动器，通过使该伺服致动器从中性位置而出可将一方面第一切换元件和另一方面第二切换元件转换到闭合状态中。这种扩展方案特别优选与这样的变型方案结合，在其中所述附加切换元件和所述另一切换元件也组合成一个切换装置。
在本发明范围中，在变速器上游可连接一个起动元件、如液力变矩器或摩擦离合器。该起动元件也可以是变速器的组成部分并且用于设计起动过程，其方式是起动元件可引起内燃机和变速器第一输入轴之间的滑差速度(Schlupfdrehzahl)。但特别优选第一输入轴在变速器的安装状态中在没有中间起动元件的情况下与上游的驱动机器耦合，在此尤其是在驱动机器设计为内燃机时可在中间连接有扭转减振器。此外，原则上可在变速器的每个轴上设置一个与变速器壳体或其它轴相连的单向离合器(Freilauf)。
根据本发明的变速器尤其是用于混合动力或电动车辆的机动车动力传动系的一部分并且设置在机动车的设计为内燃机或电机的驱动机器和传动系的其它沿力流方向至机动车驱动轮的后续部件之间。在此，变速器的第一输入轴永久不可相对转动地与内燃机的曲轴耦合或者可通过位于中间的分离离合器或起动元件与曲轴连接，在内燃机和变速器之间还可设置有扭转减振器。在驱动机器设计为电机的情况下，也可将第一输入轴与该电机的转子直接不可相对转动地连接。在输出侧，变速器在机动车动力传动系内优选与机动车驱动桥的差速器耦合，但在此也可连接到纵向差速器上，通过纵向差速器实现向机动车的多个被驱动的车桥上的分配。差速器或纵向差速器在此可与变速器设置在一个共同的壳体中。扭转减振器也可一同集成在该壳体中。
变速器的两个部件不可相对转动地“连接”或“耦合”或“彼此连接”在本发明意义中表示所述部件的永久耦合，从而这些部件不能相互独立地旋转。就此而言，在这些部件——其可以是行星级的元件和/或正齿轮级的正齿轮和/或轴和/或变速器的不可相对转动的结构元件——之间不设置切换元件，而是相应部件彼此刚性耦合。
相反，如果在变速器的两个部件之间设置切换元件，则所述部件并非永久不可相对转动地彼此耦合，而是通过操作位于中间的切换元件才进行不可相对转动的连接。本发明意义上的切换元件的操作表示使相关切换元件转换到闭合状态中并且因此使直接与之相连的部件的旋转运动保持一致。在相关切换元件设计为形锁合切换元件的情况下，通过它直接不可相对转动地彼此连接的部件以相同的转速运转，而在力锁合切换元件的情况下在操作同一切换元件之后在结构元件之间可存在转速差。但这种希望或不希望的状态在本发明范围中也被称为相应部件通过切换元件的不可相对转动的连接。
本发明不限于所给出的独立权利要求或其从属权利要求的特征组合。由权利要求书、下述本发明优选实施方式说明或直接由附图公开的各个特征也可彼此组合。权利要求通过使用附图标记对附图的参考不应限制权利要求的保护范围。
附图说明
下面解释的本发明的有利实施方式在附图中示出。附图如下：
图1示出机动车动力传动系的示意图；
图2示出图1的机动车动力传动系的局部的示意图，其具有根据本发明一种优选实施方式的变速器；
图3示出图2的机动车动力传动系的局部的原理简图；
图4示出图2的变速器的示例性换挡图；并且
图5示出根据图2和3的机动车动力传动系的不同运行模式的表格表示图。
具体实施方式
图1示出混合动力车辆的机动车动力传动系1的示意图，在机动车动力传动系中内燃机2通过位于中间的扭转减振器3与变速器4连接。在变速器4的下游在输出侧连接有差速器5，通过该差速器将驱动功率分流到机动车驱动桥的驱动轮6和7上。变速器4和扭转减振器3在此组合在变速器4的一个共同的变速器壳体8中，差速器5也可集成在该变速器壳体中。如在图1中还可以看出，内燃机2、扭转减振器3、变速器4和差速器5横向于机动车的行驶方向定向。
图2示出图1的机动车动力传动系1在变速器4区域中的局部示意图，该变速器根据本发明的一种优选实施方式构造。在此变速器4包括第一输入轴9和第二输入轴10，它们相互同轴设置。第一输入轴9在此不可相对转动地与扭转减振器TS连接并且设计为空心轴，而同样设计为空心轴的第二输入轴10不可相对转动地与电机12的转子11连接。电机12在此也与两个输入轴9和10同轴设置并且除了转子11之外还包括定子13，该定子永久地固定在变速器4的变速器壳体8上。
除了输入轴9和10之外，图2中的变速器4还具有一个输出轴14、一个轴15和一个副轴16。在此，输出轴14和轴15与输入轴9和10同轴设置，轴15在此设计为实心轴并且几乎在变速器4的整个轴向长度上延伸，而输出轴14作为空心轴存在。输入轴9和10以及输出轴14在此都径向围绕轴15设置，第一输入轴9在此位于变速器4的靠近内燃机2的轴向端部上，而第二输入轴10和输出轴14在轴向上部分地重叠并且在此更确切地说位于变速器4的轴向中间区域中。相反，副轴16轴向平行于输入轴9和10、输出轴14以及轴15设置。
如图2可见，变速器4还包括第一行星齿轮组17和第二行星齿轮组18，所述行星齿轮组分别包括一个第一元件19或20、一个第二元件21或22和一个第三元件23或24。相应的第一元件19或20在此由相应的太阳轮25或26形成，相应的第二元件21或22由相应的行星架27或28形成，并且相应的第三元件23或24由相应的齿圈29或30形成。在此，在行星齿轮组17和18中多个行星齿轮分别可旋转地支承在相应的行星架27或28上，这些行星齿轮分别与相应的径向内侧的太阳轮25或26以及相应的径向环绕的齿圈29或30啮合。就此而言，行星齿轮组17和18在当前设计为负行星齿轮组。
但原则上在本发明范围中行星齿轮组17和18中的一个或两个行星齿轮组也可设计为正行星齿轮组，在正行星齿轮组中相应的行星架可旋转地支承至少一对行星齿轮，在所述一对行星齿轮中一个行星齿轮与相应的太阳轮啮合并且一个行星齿轮与相应的齿圈啮合并且所述行星齿轮也相互啮合。此外，与设计为负行星齿轮组相比，相应齿圈的连接和相应行星架的连接将互换并且相应的行星齿轮组的固定传动比将增加1。
在当前，第一行星齿轮组17的太阳轮25不可相对转动地与轴15连接，而第一行星齿轮组的齿圈29持续不可相对转动地与变速器壳体8连接并且因此永久固定。此外，第一行星齿轮组17的行星架27和第二行星齿轮组18的齿圈30持续不可相对转动地相互连接，而第二行星齿轮组18的行星架28永久不可相对转动地与输出轴14连接并且第二行星齿轮组18的太阳轮26持续地与第二输入轴10连接。
两个行星齿轮组17和18在此也与输入轴9和10、输出轴14和轴15并因此也与电机12同轴设置，行星齿轮组17和18在此轴向设置在电机12的高度上并且设置在电机的径向内侧。
变速器4还具有两个正齿轮级31和32。正齿轮级31包括相互啮合的正齿轮33和正齿轮34。在此，正齿轮33不可相对转动地设置在副轴16上，而正齿轮34不可相对转动地设置在输出轴14上。就此而言，正齿轮级31将输出轴14和副轴16永久地彼此耦合。除了正齿轮34之外，正齿轮33同时也与轴向平行于其的差速器5的驱动冠状齿轮35啮合，该驱动冠状齿轮35形成变速器4的输出侧36。正齿轮级32包括正齿轮37和正齿轮38，正齿轮37不可相对转动地设置在副轴16上并且与正齿轮37永久啮合的正齿轮38可旋转地支承在输出轴14上。
变速器4还具有四个切换元件U、D、E和P，这些切换元件U、D、E和P设计为爪形切换元件形式的形锁合切换元件。切换元件P在此是制动器，而切换元件U、D和E是离合器。
切换元件U在***作时确保在第一输入轴9和轴15之间并且因此也确保在第一输入轴9和第一行星齿轮组17的太阳轮25之间的不可相对转动的连接。相反，如果闭合切换元件D，则正齿轮34以及因此输出轴14不可相对转动地与第一输入轴9连接，由此，第一输入轴9通过正齿轮级31与副轴16并且因此也与输出侧36耦合。
相反，如果操作切换元件E，则正齿轮级32的正齿轮38不可相对转动地与第二输入轴10并且因此也与电机12的转子11连接，由此转子11通过正齿轮级32与副轴16耦合。基于在正齿轮33和驱动冠状齿轮35之间的啮合，力流进一步传导向输出侧36。相反，切换元件P在闭合状态中使正齿轮38固定在变速器壳体8的延伸到变速器壳体内部区域中的部分上，从而最终也导致副轴16和因此输出侧36以及经由正齿轮级31输出轴14的固定。
切换元件U和切换元件D在当前组合成一个切换装置39，通过使该切换装置的操作装置(在当前未详细示出)从中性位置而出一方面可将切换元件U并且另一方面可将切换元件D转换到闭合状态中。同样，切换元件E和切换元件P也组合成一个切换装置40，在其中通过使一个共同的操作装置从中性位置而出一方面可操作切换元件E并且另一方面可操作切换元件P。
在变速器4的一个轴向端部——在该端部上变速器以第一输入轴9连接到扭转减振器3上——之后沿轴向首先是切换装置39，然后是处于一个平面中的正齿轮级31和输出侧36，然后是正齿轮级32、切换装置40并且最后是电机12连同两个行星齿轮组17和18。
图3示出图2的机动车动力传动系1局部的原理简图，从中可以再次看到变速器4的各个部件的连接或连接可能性。
在图4中以表格形式示出图2和3的变速器4的示例性换挡图。可以看出，在此可实现不同的挡位V1、V2、E1、N、PS和H，在换挡图的列中以X表示相应哪个切换元件U、D、E和P是闭合的。
如图4所示，通过闭合切换元件U和切换元件E在第一输入轴9和输出侧36之间切换到第一挡位V1，使得内燃机2可经由第一行星齿轮组17驱动第二行星齿轮组18的齿圈30，而第二行星齿轮组18的行星架28经由正齿轮级31并且第二行星齿轮组18的太阳轮26经由正齿轮级32与副轴16并且因此也与输出侧36耦合。然后通过闭合切换元件D产生第二挡位V2，在该第二挡位中第一输入轴9直接不可相对转动地与输出轴14耦合并且经由该输出轴然后也借助正齿轮级31与输出侧36耦合。
通过仅闭合切换元件E，可在第二输入轴10和输出侧36之间实现挡位E1，使得第二输入轴10以及由此电机12的转子11通过正齿轮级32与副轴16连接并且进一步从该副轴出发也与输出侧36耦合。由于切换元件E在实现挡位V1时也***作，因此该挡位E1原则上也随着切换到挡位V1实现，从而电机12的转子11也在挡位V1中与输出侧36耦合。
相反，在空挡N中，切换元件U、D、E和P都不***作，从而第一输入轴9和第二输入轴10都与输出侧36脱耦。通过闭合切换元件P以及由此引起的副轴16和输出侧36的固定切换到驻车锁止挡位PS。此外，通过仅将切换元件U转换到闭合状态中还产生一个混合挡位H。因为在这种情况下，内燃机2通过位于中间的第一行星齿轮组17连接到第二行星齿轮组18的齿圈30上并且同时电机12连接到第二行星齿轮组18的太阳轮26上，而输出侧36通过正齿轮级31和输出轴14与第二行星齿轮组18的太阳轮26连接。就此而言，在这种情况下在第二行星齿轮组18上进行功率分流。
通过图2和3中的变速器4可实现机动车动力传动系1的不同运行模式I至VII，这些运行模式在图5中以表格形式示出：在第一运行模式I中，操作切换元件U和P，以便在机动车静止时进行充电运行或内燃机2的起动。前者以下述方式实现，即内燃机2通过第一行星齿轮组17和第二行星齿轮组18的齿圈30进行驱动，在此期间通过太阳轮26输出到作为发电机工作的电机12并且通过第二行星齿轮组18的被固定的行星架28进行支撑。相反，为了起动内燃机2，电机12作为电动机进行驱动并且通过第二行星齿轮组18的齿圈30和第一行星齿轮组17输出到内燃机2，以便起动内燃机。
相反，在第二运行模式II中，如已经参照图4描述的，通过切换到挡位PS实现驻车锁止。而在第三运行模式III中，闭合切换元件U并且因此切换到图4中描述的混合挡位H，在其中通过第二行星齿轮组18进行功率分流。在此，在该运行模式III中可实现不同功能：除了通过内燃机2和电机12同时驱动之外，电机12也可作为发电机运行，从而内燃机2的驱动功率分流到输出轴14和第二输入轴10上。此外，在制动运行中也可通过在拖动运行(Schleppbetrieb)中运行的内燃机2和作为发电机运行的电机12产生共同的制动力矩。此外，还可实现起动功能，其方式是通过内燃机2驱动并且通过电机12支撑，而通过输出轴14进行输出。最后，也可在机动车行驶期间通过作为电动机运行的电动机12牵引力中断地起动内燃机2。
在第四运行模式IV中，操作切换元件U和E并且因此切换到挡位V1，从而一方面可通过内燃机2进行纯驱动。由于在此也同时实现挡位E1，如已经结合图4描述的，在第四运行模式IV中也可通过内燃机2和处于其电动机运行中的电机12进行并行行驶。
而在第五运行模式V中，在变速器4中仅切换到挡位E1，从而可通过处于其电动机运行中的电机12进行纯电动行驶。在第六运行模式VI中同时操作切换元件D和切换元件E，由此可再次通过内燃机2和电机12进行并行行驶。但与第四运行模式IV不同，除了挡位E1之外，也切换到挡位V2并且因此由第一输入轴9直接驱动输出轴14。
最后，在第七运行模式VII中通过仅操作切换元件D实现挡位V2，在该第七运行模式VII中通过内燃机2进行纯内燃机行驶。
借助根据本发明的实施方式可以低制造成本实现结构紧凑的变速器。
附图标记列表
1 机动车动力传动系
2 内燃机
3 扭转减振器
4 变速器
5 差速器
6 驱动轮
7 驱动轮
8 变速器壳体
9 第一输入轴
10 第二输入轴
11 转子
12 电机
13 定子
14 输出轴
15 轴
16 副轴
17 第一行星齿轮组
18 第二行星齿轮组
19 第一元件
20 第一元件
21 第二元件
22 第二元件
23 第三元件
24 第三元件
25 太阳轮
26 太阳轮
27 行星架
28 行星架
29 齿圈
30 齿圈
31 正齿轮级
32 正齿轮级
33 正齿轮
34 正齿轮
35 驱动冠状齿轮
36 输出侧
37 正齿轮
38 正齿轮
39 切换装置
40 切换装置
U 切换元件
D 切换元件
E 切换元件
P 切换元件
V1 第一挡位
V2 第二挡位
E1 挡位
N 空挡
PS 驻车锁止挡位
H 混合挡位
I至VII 运行模式

Claims (18)

1.用于机动车的变速器(4)，所述变速器包括第一输入轴(9)、第二输入轴(10)和输出轴(14)，其中，第一输入轴(9)构造用于将变速器(4)与机动车的驱动机器连接，第二输入轴(10)与电机(12)的转子(11)耦合，设置有第一行星齿轮组(17)和第二行星齿轮组(18)，这些行星齿轮组分别具有呈太阳轮(25、26)、行星架(27、28)和齿圈(29、30)形式的第一元件(19、20)、第二元件(21、22)和第三元件(23、24)，并且设置有第一切换元件(U)和第二切换元件(D)，其特征在于，
-第一输入轴(9)能通过第一切换元件(U)不可相对转动地与第一行星齿轮组(17)的第一元件(19)连接并且能借助第二切换元件(D)不可相对转动地与输出轴(14)连接，
-第一行星齿轮组(17)的第二元件(21)不可相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组(18)的第三元件(24)连接，
-第一行星齿轮组(17)的第三元件(23)是固定的，
-第二输入轴(10)不可相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组(18)的第一元件(20)连接，
-并且输出轴(14)不可相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组(18)的第二元件(22)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，所述输出轴(14)通过一个正齿轮级(31)与输出侧(36)耦合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，所述正齿轮级(31)包括不可相对转动地设置在输出轴(14)上的第一正齿轮(34)和与该第一正齿轮啮合的第二正齿轮(33)，所述第二正齿轮不可相对转动地设置在一个与输出侧(36)耦合的副轴(16)上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，在所述正齿轮级(31)的不可相对转动地设置在副轴(16)上的正齿轮(33)上也建立与输出侧(36)的耦合。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，通过操作另一切换元件(E)，第二输入轴(10)能经由一个正齿轮级(32)与输出侧(36)耦合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，所述正齿轮级(32)包括第一正齿轮(37)和与该第一正齿轮啮合的第二正齿轮(38)，所述第二正齿轮能通过所述另一切换元件(E)不可相对转动地与第二输入轴(10)连接，所述正齿轮级(32)的第一正齿轮(37)不可相对转动地设置在一个与输出侧(36)耦合的副轴(16)上。
7.根据权利要求2至4以及权利要求5或6中任一项所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于：
-通过闭合第一切换元件(U)和所述另一切换元件(E)，在第一输入轴(9)和输出侧(36)之间形成第一挡位(V1)，
-通过操作第二切换元件(D)，在第一输入轴(9)和输出侧(36)之间形成第二挡位(V2)，并且
-通过操作所述另一切换元件(E)，在第二输入轴(10)和输出侧(36)之间形成第一挡位(E1)。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，设置有一个附加切换元件(P)，通过该附加切换元件能固定输出轴(14)。
9.根据权利要求6和权利要求8所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，通过所述附加切换元件(P)能固定所述正齿轮级(32)的正齿轮(38)。
10.根据权利要求5或6以及根据权利要求8或9所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，所述另一切换元件(E)和所述附加切换元件(P)组合成一个切换装置(40)，在该切换装置中能通过一个操作装置一方面操作所述另一切换元件(E)并且另一方面操作所述附加切换元件(P)。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，各个切换元件(U、D、E、P)设计为形锁合切换元件、尤其是爪形切换元件。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，所述电机(12)与第二输入轴(10)同轴设置，所述电机(12)的转子(11)不可相对转动地与第二输入轴(10)连接。
13.根据权利要求12所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，所述第一行星齿轮组(17)和第二行星齿轮组(18)沿轴向设置在电机(12)的高度上并且设置在电机的径向内侧。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器(4)，其特征在于，所述第一切换元件(U)和第二切换元件(D)组合成一个切换装置(39)，在该切换装置中能通过一个操作装置一方面操作第一切换元件(U)并且另一方面操作第二切换元件(D)。
15.机动车动力传动系(1)、尤其是用于电动或混合动力车辆的机动车动力传动系，所述机动车动力传动系包括根据权利要求1至14中的一项或多项所述的变速器(4)。
16.用于运行根据权利要求1所述的变速器(4)的方法，其特征在于，为了实现充电运行或起动运行而操作第一切换元件(U)。
17.根据权利要求16所述的并且用于运行根据权利要求8或9所述的变速器(4)的方法，其特征在于，在充电运行或起动运行中也操作所述附加切换元件(P)。
18.用于运行根据权利要求1所述的变速器(4)的方法，其特征在于，通过闭合第一切换元件(U)在既通过第一输入轴(9)又通过第二输入轴(10)驱动时实现功率分流行驶。
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