CN115453539A - Airborne weather radar system based on one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system - Google Patents
Airborne weather radar system based on one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
- G01S13/953—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use mounted on aircraft
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Abstract
The invention discloses an airborne weather radar system based on a one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system, which relates to the technical field of airborne weather radars and comprises a terminal subsystem, a signal processing module, a digital intermediate frequency module, a chip type active module, an integrated crack waveguide antenna and a correction module; the radar is an airborne weather radar adopting a one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system and an integrated crack waveguide antenna, a transmitting signal, a local oscillator signal and a coherent reference signal of the radar are synchronously generated by a main oscillator source, wave beams are flexible and changeable, and the space-time resolution can be improved; meanwhile, the design of the profile correction integrated slot waveguide antenna and the integrated design of the sheet type active module are adopted, so that the miniaturization and light weight of the front end of the active antenna array are realized, and the design requirements of the miniaturization and light weight of an onboard limited space are met; the problems that the existing foundation radar is not flexible enough, the detection distance resolution of the air-based radar is low, and the size of an airborne space is limited are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of airborne weather radars, in particular to an airborne weather radar system based on a one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system.
Background
For the middle and small-scale weather processes which are changed rapidly and easily cause disastrous weather, such as hail clouds, typhoons, rainstorms and the like, the detection capability with high space-time resolution is difficult to form by using the existing foundation detection technology, and the business requirements of detecting the three-dimensional fine structure and developing evolution in the weather process can not be met. Advanced detection means are also lacked for the observation of the cloud, and accurate information of the cloud structure and the cloud state is difficult to obtain.
The current detection means are respectively characterized from the foundation-empty foundation-space foundation means. The ground radar detection system has high net arrangement density, can monitor local precipitation, but is not flexible enough; the space-based system has a large observation range, can monitor a large-range weather phenomenon, but has low distance resolution of the obtained observation data due to the fact that the space-based system is far away from the earth; the platform for space-based observation can be divided into static and maneuvering platforms, and for the maneuvering platform, the purpose of quickly reaching a designated airspace for maneuvering observation can be exerted, so that the defects of foundation and space-based observation are overcome. Based on the defects, the invention provides an airborne weather radar system based on a one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides an airborne weather radar system based on a one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system.
In order to achieve the above object, an airborne weather radar system based on a one-dimensional active phased array doppler system is provided according to an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, and includes a terminal subsystem, a signal processing module, a digital intermediate frequency module, a chip-type active module, an integrated slot waveguide antenna, and a correction module;
the terminal subsystem is connected with a signal processing module for beam control, monitoring and echo data processing, and is used for sending a working mode of detection requirements to the signal processing module; the signal processing module receives the working mode and then sends control signals and working parameters to all subsystems, intermediate frequency signals with frequency and phase meeting characteristic requirements are output through the digital intermediate frequency module, then excitation signals are output through the receiving and sending module in an up-conversion mode and sent to the chip active module, and the excitation signals are output to the corresponding integrated crack waveguide antenna after being subjected to radio frequency amplification through a T/R assembly in the chip active module; synthesizing a required transmitting beam in space through antenna radiation;
the integrated slot waveguide antenna receives echo signals, sends the echo signals to the chip active module, and outputs the echo signals to the transceiver module after filtering, amplifying and synthesizing processing; after down-conversion and digital intermediate frequency processing, the transceiver module is used for transmitting the I/Q signal to the signal processing module through an optical fiber; the signal processing module performs pulse compression processing and Doppler processing on the echo signals to obtain information data reflecting meteorological targets;
the correction module is used for generating a test signal to realize amplitude-phase detection, receiving channel amplification characteristic detection and calibration of each transceiver module.
Further, the specific test process of the correction module is as follows:
the digital intermediate frequency module generates an analog target signal, the signal is coupled to a receiving channel of the 32-path TR component through a correction network, and is sent back to the digital intermediate frequency module after being synthesized, an I/Q signal is generated and sent to the signal processing module for processing, and the basic function test and verification of a system channel are carried out.
Further, the servo push rod controls scanning through the signal processing module; the servo push rod consists of a servo control board, a driver, an encoder and an electric push rod, and the scanning range of minus 30 degrees to 30 degrees in the pitching direction is realized; the specific working steps are as follows:
controlling the servo control board to perform scanning motions at different speeds according to the requirements of the monitoring instructions, and providing the pitching angle information of the antenna; the servo control board receives the antenna control instruction and the angle code output by the encoder, and outputs a level signal for controlling the rotation direction of the electric push rod and a signal for controlling the rotation speed of the electric push rod to the servo driver after decoding and software operation processing, so as to drive the motor to rotate.
Furthermore, the signal processing module adopts a general platform of a DSP + FPGA combined architecture, and comprises 2 BWDSP100 chips and 1 EP2SGX9 chip; wherein, the 2 BWDSPs 100 adopt a plurality of link ports to interconnect, and the unidirectional data transmission speed of each link port reaches 300MB/S; the signal processing module is communicated with other systems through 4 optical fiber interfaces, network interfaces and serial ports, receives I/Q signals through the high-speed optical fiber interfaces, and performs pulse pressure processing, filtering processing and meteorological element estimation on the I/Q signals.
Further, the radar is a full-coherent one-dimensional active phased array Doppler weather radar, wherein a transmitting signal, a local oscillator signal and a coherent reference signal of the radar are synchronously generated by a main oscillator source.
Further, the integrated slot waveguide antenna comprises a slot antenna surface, a correction network and an antenna housing; the split antenna surface is formed by arranging 32 split waveguide tubes, the longer split waveguide tube is positioned in the middle of the antenna, and the rest split antenna surfaces are distributed on two sides of the antenna surface; the correction network is positioned behind the antenna and is arranged at the central port of the 32-path split waveguide; the antenna housing is designed according to the external dimension of the antenna surface, and the antenna housing and the antenna are integrated after being installed; the integrated crack waveguide antenna is used for directionally radiating the high-power pulse signals output by the radar transceiving component to the space; during the transmit pulse interval, the echo signal enters the receive branch of the transceiver module through the antenna.
Furthermore, the chip active module integrates 8 four-channel chip T/R components and a comprehensive feed network; when receiving, the chip active module receives the weak echo signal output by the antenna, and the weak echo signal is converted into a path of receiving radio frequency signal after filtering, amplifying and synthesizing; when transmitting, the excitation signal is amplified and phase-shifted by the chip active module power to generate 32 paths of signals larger than 20W, and then the signals are radiated by the antenna to form a wave beam.
Furthermore, the transceiver module comprises a switch amplification attenuation component, a frequency conversion channel, a three-pulse intermediate frequency digital receiver and a frequency source, and is used for providing a radio frequency transmitting signal for the radar; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the weak echo signals are amplified and converted into intermediate frequency signals, I/Q signals of the echo signals are extracted through coherent demodulation, the I/Q signals are provided to a signal processing module for Doppler processing, and excitation signals, synchronous clock signals of the whole machine and calibration signals of the whole machine are output, so that characteristic detection and calibration of key parameters of a radar system are realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the radar adopts a one-dimensional phased array Doppler system to replace the traditional mechanical scanning, the wave beam is flexible and variable, the scanning speed is high, the system can realize the work of various working modes, and the space-time resolution is high; the radar adopts the design of a profile correction integrated crack waveguide antenna, meets the design parameters of an airborne weather radar system, and meets the requirements of more precise detection of rapidly-changing medium and small-scale weather processes, ocean convection detection and chemical detection of polar regions and high-rise atmosphere; the chip type active module integrates the chip type T/R assembly and the comprehensive feed network, realizes the miniaturization and light weight of the front end of the active antenna array, and solves the design requirements of the miniaturization and light weight of the airborne limited space; the high integration performance of the one-dimensional phased array can better adapt to an airborne platform, the beam agility of the one-dimensional phased array can meet the requirement of quick and fine observation, and the problems that the existing ground radar is not flexible enough, the detection distance resolution of the air-based radar is low, and the size of an airborne space is limited are solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of an airborne weather radar system based on a one-dimensional active phased array doppler system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the integrated slot waveguide antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a chip active module according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an airborne weather radar system based on a one-dimensional active phased array doppler system includes a terminal subsystem, a signal processing module, a transceiver module, a main vibration source, a digital intermediate frequency module, a chip-type active module, an integrated slot waveguide antenna, and a calibration module;
the radar is a full-coherent one-dimensional active phased array Doppler weather radar, wherein a transmitting signal, a local oscillation signal and a coherent reference signal of the radar are synchronously generated by a high-stability and high-purity main oscillation source, and a strict and fixed phase relationship is kept between the transmitting signal, the local oscillation signal and the coherent reference signal;
the radar detects, analyzes and determines precipitation targets by means of backscattering of meteorological targets such as clouds and rain by transmitting high-power microwave pulse signals;
when the terminal subsystem works, the terminal subsystem is used for sending a working mode of a detection requirement to the signal processing module; the signal processing module receives the working mode and then sends control signals and working parameters to each subsystem, intermediate frequency signals with frequency and phase meeting characteristic requirements are output through the digital intermediate frequency module, then excitation signals are output through the receiving and sending module in an up-conversion mode and sent to the chip active module, and the excitation signals are output to corresponding antenna array elements after being subjected to radio frequency amplification through a T/R assembly in the chip active module, namely the integrated crack waveguide antenna; through antenna radiation, the radiation power of each array element is synthesized into a required transmitting beam in space;
the antenna array element receives echo signals and sends the echo signals to the chip active module, the echo signals are output to the transceiving module after filtering, amplifying and synthesizing processing, and I/Q signals are transmitted to the signal processing module through optical fibers after down-conversion and digital intermediate frequency processing; the signal processing module performs pulse compression processing and Doppler processing on the echo signals to obtain information data reflecting meteorological targets;
the correction module is used for generating a test signal to realize amplitude-phase detection, receiving channel amplification characteristic detection and calibration on each transceiver module; the method comprises the following specific steps:
the digital intermediate frequency module generates an analog target signal, the signal is coupled to a receiving channel of the 32-path TR component through a correction network, and is sent back to the digital intermediate frequency module after being synthesized, an I/Q signal is generated and sent to the signal processing module for processing, and the basic function test and verification of a system channel are carried out;
wherein, the servo push rod controls scanning through the signal processing module; the servo push rod consists of a servo control board, a driver, a coder and an electric push rod, and realizes the scanning range of the pitching direction of-30 degrees to 30 degrees;
the servo push rod adopts an advanced, mature and stable high-precision direct-current servo system, and a servo control board performs scanning motions at different speeds according to the requirements of monitoring instructions and provides pitching angle information of an antenna; the servo control board receives an antenna control instruction and an angle code output by the encoder, and the information is decoded and processed by software operation to output a level signal for controlling the rotation direction of the electric push rod and a signal for controlling the rotation speed of the electric push rod to the servo driver so as to drive the motor to rotate;
the signal processing module adopts a general platform of a DSP + FPGA combined architecture, and the module architecture mainly comprises 2 BWDSP100 chips and 1 EP2SGX90 of Altera corporation. Some RAM, FLASH and DDR2 devices are used to store data and programs in the system. The interface for external communication realizes communication with other systems through 4 optical fiber interfaces, network interfaces and serial ports. In the aspect of internal communication interfaces, 1 FPGA and 2 DSPs realize bidirectional data transmission through a link. The 2-chip BWDSP100 employs multiple link ports interconnected, each of which can achieve a unidirectional data transmission rate of 300MB/S (75m × 32bit/S). In addition, to meet the requirement of large data capacity storage and realize the coupling of multiple processors, the BWDSP100 is externally provided with DDR2 storage with the capacity of 1Gb, and through fly-by transmission, the DDR2 external storage can be indirectly shared among different processors. The signal processing module receives the I/Q signal through the high-speed optical fiber interface, and carries out pulse pressure processing, filtering processing and meteorological element estimation on the I/Q signal, the radar adopts a three-pulse working mode, has two blind compensating pulses, completes data splicing before meteorological element data output after echoes of the three pulses are respectively processed, and carries out data processing;
as shown in fig. 2, the radar adopts a one-dimensional phased array doppler system to replace the traditional mechanical scanning, the wave beam is flexible and variable, the scanning speed is high, the system can work in multiple working modes, and the space-time resolution is high.
As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the radar adopts a profile correction integrated slot waveguide antenna design to meet the design parameters of an airborne weather radar system; the chip type active module integrates the chip type T/R assembly and the comprehensive feed network, realizes the miniaturization and light weight of the front end of the active antenna array, and solves the design requirements of the miniaturization and light weight of the airborne limited space;
the integrated crack waveguide antenna consists of a crack antenna surface (integrated antenna framework), a correction network and an antenna housing. The split antenna surface is formed by arranging 32 split waveguide tubes, the longer split waveguide tube is positioned in the middle of the antenna, and the rest split antenna surfaces are arranged on two sides of the antenna surface; the correction network is positioned at the back of the antenna and is arranged at the central port of the 32-path split waveguide; the antenna housing is designed according to the external dimension of the antenna surface, and the antenna housing and the antenna are integrated after being installed; the antenna adopts a profile correction design, so that the design requirement of miniaturization and lightweight of an airborne limited space is met, and the design parameters of an airborne weather radar system are met; the external dimensions of the antenna are 560mm × 600mm × 60mm (width × height × thickness), and the weight is about 8.3kg. The antenna mainly radiates a high-power pulse signal output by the radar transceiving component to space in a directional manner; during the transmission pulse interval, the echo signal enters a receiving branch of the transceiving component through the antenna;
the chip active module adopts a highly integrated universal building block (CBB) design, integrates 8 four-channel chip T/R components and a comprehensive feed network (power division synthesis network, power distribution network and final-stage wave control), and realizes the miniaturization and light weight of the front end of the active antenna array; when receiving, the chip active module receives the weak echo signal output by the antenna, and the weak echo signal is converted into a path of receiving radio frequency signal after filtering, amplifying and synthesizing, and when transmitting, the excitation signal generates 32 paths of signals larger than 20W after being amplified and phase-shifted by the chip active module power, and then the signals are radiated by the antenna to form a wave beam.
The receiving and transmitting module is composed of a switch amplification attenuation component, a frequency conversion channel, a three-pulse intermediate frequency digital receiver and a frequency source, and mainly has the function of providing high-power, full-coherent and high-quality radio frequency transmitting signals for the radar; amplifying the weak echo signal with high sensitivity and performing frequency conversion to obtain an intermediate frequency signal, extracting I and Q information of the echo signal through coherent demodulation, and providing the I and Q information to a signal processing subsystem for Doppler processing; it generates the transmitting exciting signal and the synchronous clock signal of the whole machine, and also provides the calibration signal of the whole machine, and measures and calibrates some key parameters of the radar system. The transmitting and receiving working frequency range of the system is defined as 9320-9420 MHZ, and the system design requires that 11 working frequency points are adopted for switching; the frequency of the 3 pulse signals is 125MHz as short pulse, 153.5-156.5MHz as middle pulse and 139-141MHz as long pulse in sequence. The ADC chip adopts GK3128, and GK3128 is a domestic shelf ADC chip, and the dependable performance is stable.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand the invention for and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. An airborne weather radar system based on a one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system is characterized by comprising a terminal subsystem, a signal processing module, a transceiving module, a digital intermediate frequency module, a chip type active module, an integrated crack waveguide antenna and a correction module;
the terminal subsystem is connected with a signal processing module for beam control, monitoring and echo data processing, and is used for sending a working mode of detection requirements to the signal processing module; the signal processing module receives the working mode and then sends control signals and working parameters to all subsystems, intermediate frequency signals with frequency and phase meeting characteristic requirements are output through the digital intermediate frequency module, then excitation signals are output through the receiving and sending module in an up-conversion mode and sent to the chip active module, and the excitation signals are output to the corresponding integrated crack waveguide antenna after being subjected to radio frequency amplification through a T/R assembly in the chip active module; the required transmitting wave beam is synthesized in space through antenna radiation;
the integrated crack waveguide antenna receives echo signals, sends the echo signals to the chip active module, and outputs the echo signals to the transceiver module after filtering, amplifying and synthesizing processing; after down-conversion and digital intermediate frequency processing, the transceiver module is used for transmitting the I/Q signals to the signal processing module through an optical fiber; the signal processing module performs pulse compression processing and Doppler processing on the echo signal to obtain information data reflecting a meteorological target;
the correction module is used for generating a test signal to realize amplitude-phase detection, receiving channel amplification characteristic detection and calibration of each transceiver module.
2. The airborne weather radar system based on the one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system according to claim 1, wherein the calibration module is specifically tested in the following process:
the digital intermediate frequency module generates an analog target signal, the signal is coupled to a receiving channel of the 32-path TR component through a correction network, and is sent back to the digital intermediate frequency module after being synthesized, an I/Q signal is generated and sent to the signal processing module for processing, and the basic function test and verification of a system channel are carried out.
3. The airborne weather radar system based on the one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the servo push rod controls scanning through the signal processing module; the servo push rod consists of a servo control board, a driver, a coder and an electric push rod, and the scanning range of the pitching direction of-30 degrees to 30 degrees is realized; the specific working steps are as follows:
controlling the servo control board to perform scanning movement at different speeds according to the requirement of the monitoring instruction, and providing the pitch angle information of the antenna; the servo control board receives the antenna control instruction and the angle code output by the encoder, and outputs a level signal for controlling the rotation direction of the electric push rod and a rotating speed signal for controlling the electric push rod to the servo driver after decoding and software operation processing, so as to drive the motor to rotate.
4. The airborne weather radar system based on the one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing module adopts a general platform of a DSP + FPGA combined architecture, and comprises 2 BWDSP100 chips and 1 EP2SGX9 chip; wherein, the 2 BWDSPs 100 adopt a plurality of link ports to interconnect, and the unidirectional data transmission speed of each link port reaches 300MB/S; the signal processing module is communicated with other systems through 4 optical fiber interfaces, network interfaces and serial ports, receives I/Q signals through the high-speed optical fiber interfaces, and performs pulse pressure processing, filtering processing and meteorological element estimation on the I/Q signals.
5. The airborne weather radar system based on the one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system according to claim 1, wherein the radar is a full-coherent one-dimensional active phased array Doppler weather radar, and a transmission signal, a local oscillator signal and a coherent reference signal of the radar are synchronously generated by a main oscillator source.
6. The airborne weather radar system based on the one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system according to claim 1, wherein the integrated slotted waveguide antenna comprises a slotted antenna face, a correction network and an antenna cover; the split antenna surface is formed by arranging 32 split waveguide tubes, the longer split waveguide tube is positioned in the middle of the antenna, and the rest split antenna surfaces are distributed on two sides of the antenna surface; the correction network is positioned behind the antenna and is arranged at the central port of the 32-path split waveguide; the antenna housing is designed according to the external dimension of the antenna surface, and the antenna housing and the antenna are integrated after being installed; the integrated crack waveguide antenna is used for directionally radiating the high-power pulse signals output by the radar transceiving component to the space; during the transmit pulse interval, the echo signal enters the receive branch of the transceiver module through the antenna.
7. The airborne weather radar system based on the one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system according to claim 1, wherein the chip active module integrates 8 four-channel chip T/R components and a comprehensive feed network; when receiving, the chip active module receives the weak echo signal output by the antenna, and the weak echo signal is converted into a path of receiving radio frequency signal after filtering, amplifying and synthesizing; when the antenna is used for transmitting, 32 paths of signals larger than 20W are generated after the excitation signals are amplified and phase-shifted through the power of the chip active module, and then the signals are radiated through the antenna to form wave beams.
8. The airborne weather radar system based on the one-dimensional active phased array Doppler system according to claim 1, wherein the transceiver module comprises a switch amplification attenuation component, a frequency conversion channel, a tri-pulse intermediate frequency digital receiver and a frequency source, and is used for providing a radio frequency transmitting signal for a radar; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the weak echo signals are amplified and converted into intermediate frequency signals, I/Q signals of the echo signals are extracted through coherent demodulation, the I/Q signals are provided to a signal processing module for Doppler processing, and excitation signals, synchronous clock signals of the whole machine and calibration signals of the whole machine are output, so that characteristic detection and calibration of key parameters of a radar system are realized.
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| CN116299248A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-06-23 | 成都远望科技有限责任公司 | Weather radar signal processor calibration system and calibration method |
| CN116299248B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-08-08 | 成都远望科技有限责任公司 | Weather radar signal processor calibration system and calibration method |
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