CN115452671A - Visual experimental device of rock mass fracture seepage-particle migration and deposition - Google Patents
Visual experimental device of rock mass fracture seepage-particle migration and deposition Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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Abstract
The application discloses visual experimental apparatus of rock mass fracture seepage-granule migration sedimentation. The experimental device comprises a fracture experimental device and an observation device for observing the fracture seepage-particle migration and deposition process. The fracture experimental device comprises a light source system, a suspension liquid supply system, a transparent fracture model system and a waste liquid collecting system. The observation device comprises an image acquisition system and a monitoring system. The experimental device utilizes the light transmission principle, realizes quantitative observation and research of the fracture seepage-particle migration and deposition process, simultaneously realizes flexible adjustment of the relative positions among the camera, the light source and the fracture model on the mechanical structure, and realizes real-time observation of the rock mass fracture seepage-particle migration and deposition process.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of rock mass fracture seepage and particle flow experiments, in particular to an experimental device for rock mass fracture seepage-particle migration deposition visualization.
Background
Under natural and engineering conditions, seepage flow generated in rock mass often carries a large amount of suspended particles and colloids, and various particle migration processes such as deposition, adsorption, pushing, blockage and the like can occur in the seepage flow, so that the seepage flow has obvious influence on the aspects of hydraulic engineering construction and operation, energy exploitation, environmental management and the like. Because the main channel of rock mass seepage is provided by the fracture with larger opening, the deep research on the evolution process and mechanism of rock mass seepage-particle migration and deposition is beneficial to the human beings to know the real seepage process in the nature more fully and accurately, and especially the deep research helps to obtain the migration and deposition characteristics of the suspended silt particles and colloids of the silt-rich river in the rock mass fracture, solve the problem of particle migration in the undercurrent exchange zone and the fracture aquifer and the problem of migration and deposition of the proppant in the oil and gas resource exploitation process, and meet the requirements of various production practices.
Due to the fact that the rock mass is generally positioned below the covering layer, an effective in-situ and real-time observation means is lacked in research on the seepage of the rock mass containing particles. At present, researches on seepage and particle migration and deposition in rock fractures mostly depend on a seepage tracing test or experiment, and finally, corresponding seepage characteristics and particle migration characteristics are determined by obtaining data on a plurality of measuring points or profiles. In this case, since a specific process cannot be observed, it is similar to the black box model in nature, which is very disadvantageous to scientific research and engineering activities. On the other hand, the research on the seepage of the fracture containing particles at home and abroad mostly focuses on the aspect of field macroscopic scale, and the research on the aspect of mesoscopic mechanism is less; meanwhile, the research on the mechanism mostly focuses on fracture zero-particle seepage, and the research on fracture seepage-particle migration and deposition is less. Therefore, an experimental mode and an experimental method with stable structure and controllable flow parameters are urgently needed to realize real-time observation and analysis of the fracture seepage-particle migration and deposition process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides an experimental device for visualizing seepage-particle migration and deposition in rock fractures, which can systematically research the processes of suspension flowing and particle migration and deposition under different pressure differences, suspension concentrations, fracture roughness and fracture openness, and explore the real mechanism behind the phenomenon, and has certain guiding significance for the research on the evolution of the permeability characteristics of the rock in nature. In addition, the experiment system is simple in structure, low in cost and high in expandability.
The application provides a visual experimental apparatus of rock mass fracture seepage-granule migration deposit, includes:
a transparent fracture model;
the constant-pressure liquid supply mechanism is communicated with the transparent fracture model and is used for providing constant-pressure suspension liquid for the transparent fracture model;
the two pressure sensors are respectively used for collecting the pressure of the suspension at the inlet and the outlet of the transparent fracture model;
the turbidimeter is used for collecting the turbidity values of the suspension at the inlet and the outlet of the transparent fracture model respectively;
a flowmeter for collecting the flow into the transparent fracture model;
and a camera for acquiring images of the particle deposition condition of the suspension in the transparent fissure model.
Optionally, the constant-pressure liquid supply mechanism comprises a constant-pressure layer positioned on the inner layer and an overflow layer positioned on the outer layer, and one end of the constant-pressure layer is used for receiving the input of the external suspension liquid; the other end of the constant pressure layer is communicated with the transparent crack model.
Optionally, the transparent crack model includes a crack with two open ends formed by a crack upper disc, a crack lower disc, a transparent rigid plate and side baffles on two sides, and the lower surface of the transparent upper disc and the upper surface of the transparent lower disc are rough surfaces.
Optionally, an inlet end liquid exchange chamber is arranged at an inlet end of the clear crack model, and the inlet end liquid exchange chamber is communicated with the constant-pressure liquid supply mechanism through a flow meter and a pressure sensor.
Optionally, an outlet liquid exchange chamber is arranged at the outlet end of the transparent fracture model, and the outlet liquid exchange chamber is communicated with the turbidimeter through a pressure sensor.
Optionally, an LED lamp for providing illuminating light to the transparent slit pattern is further included.
Optionally, an inlet end waste liquid collecting barrel for collecting waste liquid generated at the inlet of the transparent fissure model is further included.
Optionally, an outlet waste liquid collecting barrel for collecting waste liquid generated at the outlet of the transparent fissure model is further included.
The experimental device provided above can simulate the evolution process of rock mass fracture seepage-particle migration deposition, can capture the fluid flow in the whole fracture seepage process, observe the space-time characteristics of the particle migration deposition process, realize unattended automatic acquisition and is simple and convenient to operate, and is suitable for long-term research on particle-containing seepage in geotechnical engineering.
Drawings
The technical solution and other advantages of the present application will become apparent from the detailed description of the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a general schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a transparent crack model provided in an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a transparent crack model provided in an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a constant-pressure liquid supply mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or as implying that the number of indicated technical features is indicated. Thus, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically, electrically or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the use of two elements or the interaction of two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the application. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present application, specific example components and arrangements are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present application. Further, the present application may repeat reference numerals and/or reference letters in the various examples for simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided herein, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize the application of other processes and/or the use of other materials.
The technical problem to be solved by the application is to provide a seepage-particle migration and deposition visualization experiment system which is simple in structure, low in cost, high in practicability and expandability, not only realizes visualization and quantitative observation of a seepage process and a particle migration and deposition process in a crack, but also has a three-dimensional real-time observation function and an experiment function under different pressure differences.
The application discloses visual experimental apparatus of seepage flow-granule migration deposit in rock mass crack contains peristaltic pump 1, turbidimeter one 2, water tank 3, magnetic stirrers one 4, cork 5, constant voltage liquid supply mechanism 6, magnetic stirrers two 7, cork two 8, flowmeter 9, entrance point waste liquid collecting vessel 10, waste liquid recovery valve 11, entrance point pressure sensor 12, support frame 13, import end plug 14, transparent crack model 15, export end plug 16, LED lamp 17, exit end pressure sensor 18, invert camera 19, control host computer 20, waste liquid recovery valve two 21, exit end waste liquid collecting vessel 22, turbidimeter two 23, invariable pressure valve 26.
The inlet end (i.e. the end corresponding to the inlet) of the clear fissure model 15 is provided with an inlet end plug 14 and an inlet liquid exchange chamber 25, and the inlet end plug 14 covers the opening of the inlet liquid exchange chamber 25. The outlet end (i.e. the end corresponding to the outlet) of the transparent fissure model 15 is provided with an outlet liquid exchange chamber 33 and an outlet end plug 16, and the outlet end plug 16 covers the opening of the outlet liquid exchange chamber 33. The inlet liquor changing chamber 25 is connected with the inlet pipeline 24 and is connected with the first waste liquor recovery valve 11 through a pipeline 29, and the outlet liquor changing chamber 33 is connected with the outlet pipeline 34 and the constant pressure valve 26.
The transparent fissure model 15 includes an upper transparent rigid plate 28, a lower transparent rigid plate 31, a high-strength bolt 27, a fissure upper plate 30 and a fissure lower plate 32. The upper fracture plate 30 and the lower fracture plate 32 are vertically covered and arranged between the upper transparent rigid plate 28 and the lower transparent rigid plate 31 and are fixedly compressed through the high-strength bolt 27, a fracture 35 allowing fluid to pass through is formed between the upper fracture plate 30 and the lower fracture plate 32, a rubber gasket, a confining pressure sensor and a coupling gasket are arranged between a nut of the high-strength bolt 27 and the upper transparent rigid plate 28, the two side surfaces of the transparent fracture model 15 are sealed through the side pressure plates 36 by using the adhesive mode to seal the side surface of the fracture 35, and the front end and the rear end of the transparent fracture model are respectively connected with the inlet-end liquid change chamber 25 and the outlet-end liquid change chamber 33 through adhesive sealing.
The upper part of the constant-pressure liquid supply mechanism 6 is opened; the constant-pressure liquid supply mechanism 6 comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is a constant-pressure layer 37, the outer layer is an overflow layer 40, liquid in the water tank 3 is introduced into the constant-pressure layer 37 through the peristaltic pump 1, a constant-pressure layer liquid outlet 38 communicated with the transparent fracture model 15 is arranged at the bottom of the constant-pressure layer 37, and an overflow port 39 communicated with the inlet end waste liquid collecting barrel 10 is arranged at the bottom of the overflow layer 40.
When the structure and the die are adopted, the method for the rock fracture seepage-particle migration and deposition visualization experiment comprises the following steps:
1. preparation work before the experiment was as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a suspension, namely mixing particles with a certain gradation with colorless deionized water by using a volumetric flask and a beaker to prepare a suspension with a preset concentration as an experimental liquid;
step two: calibrating the peristaltic pump 1, calibrating the injection precision of the peristaltic pump 1 by using a balance real-time weighing method, and adjusting related injection parameters;
step three: the experimental device is assembled and fixed, the inverted camera 19, the transparent crack model 15 and the LED lamp 17 are fixed on the support frame 13 through the rod clamp and the support rod, and the relative positions of all parts are adjusted and determined;
step four: adjusting an optical instrument, namely, inverting a camera 19 and a control host 20, realizing image preview through a Maltab data acquisition program, adjusting the focal length of the camera to focus on a crack, adjusting the size of an acquisition breadth to correspond to the size of the whole crack surface, fixing a camera aperture to expose the camera to a proper light intensity (the most clear aperture can be selected as a proper aperture through multiple times of shooting before an experiment), and adjusting the frame rate of data acquisition during the experiment acquisition (the frame rate can be lower, the required time is short and the frame rate is higher according to the judgment of the time required by the experiment);
step five: and (3) regulating the pipeline, namely closing the first waste liquid recovery valve 11, opening the pressure constant valve 26 and the second waste liquid recovery valve 21, injecting deionized water into the transparent fracture model, and exhausting air in the fracture to obtain a saturated fracture as shown in figure 1.
2. The specific operations in the experimental process are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: and opening a magnetic stirrer I4 to keep the suspension liquid to be uniformly distributed, and judging the uniformity degree of the suspension liquid by using a turbidimeter I2. After the suspension is judged to be uniform, the peristaltic pump 1 and the second magnetic stirrer 7 are started, the suspension is injected into the transparent fracture model 15 through constant pressure difference, the constant pressure difference condition of the two ends of the fracture is monitored through the first inlet end pressure sensor 12 and the first outlet end pressure sensor 18 of the two ends of the transparent fracture model 15, the change of the flowmeter 9 is recorded, the turbidity of the waste liquid in the waste liquid collecting barrel 22 of the outlet end is measured through the turbidity meter 23, and the fracture seepage and particle migration and deposition processes are observed.
Step two: if the numerical value of the flowmeter 9 is kept stable within 1h, the turbidity value of the outlet waste liquid is the same as that of the inlet, and the image shot by the camera is basically unchanged, namely, the condition that the particle deposition in the crack is stable is judged. And stopping the experiment 24 hours after the crack is stabilized, closing the inverted camera 19, stopping recording the experiment image, and closing the peristaltic pump 1, the first magnetic stirrer 4 and the second magnetic stirrer 7.
Step three: after the experiment is finished, opening the first waste liquid recovery valve 11, closing the pressure constant valve 26 and the second waste liquid recovery valve 21, detaching the transparent fracture model 15, discharging liquid in the transparent fracture model, and cleaning and drying the transparent fracture model 15 for the next experiment;
step four: changing the experimental conditions of the concentration of the suspension, the pressure difference between two ends of the fracture, the fracture opening degree of the transparent fracture model 15 and the like, and repeating the steps.
3. Post-experimental data processing
After the experiment, a Matlab image processing function is used for carrying out binarization, filtering and other processing on the picture, and the geometrical characteristics of the liquid in the permeation process are counted, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting an image of deionized water introduced into the crack as an initial image P1;
step two: subtracting the initial image P1 from the acquired image in the experimental process in sequence to obtain an image P2 with the background removed;
step three: the relation between the thickness of the sedimentary layer and the light intensity change value is applied to binarize the image P2 to obtain the spatial distribution of the image P3 and the thickness (fracture shape change value) of the sedimentary layer,
step four: and adding the spatial distribution of the deposition thickness at each moment to the spatial distribution of the initial fracture morphology to obtain the fracture morphology at each moment, and acquiring data of the fracture morphology changing along with time through a Matlab program.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The visual experimental apparatus of rock mass fracture seepage-granule migration sedimentation, characterized by that, including:
a transparent fracture model;
the constant-pressure liquid supply mechanism is communicated with the transparent fracture model and is used for providing constant-pressure suspension liquid for the transparent fracture model;
the two pressure sensors are respectively used for collecting the pressure of the suspension at the inlet and the outlet of the transparent fracture model;
the turbidimeter is used for collecting the turbidity values of the suspension at the inlet and the outlet of the transparent fracture model respectively;
a flowmeter for collecting the flow into the transparent fracture model;
and a camera for acquiring images of the particle deposition condition of the suspension in the transparent fissure model.
2. The experimental device of claim 1, wherein the constant-pressure liquid supply mechanism comprises a constant-pressure layer positioned on the inner layer and an overflow layer positioned on the outer layer, and one end of the constant-pressure layer is used for receiving the input of the external suspension; the other end of the constant pressure layer is communicated with the transparent crack model.
3. The experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transparent crack model comprises a crack with two open ends formed by a crack upper disc, a crack lower disc, a transparent rigid plate and side baffle plates at two sides, and the lower surface of the transparent upper disc and the upper surface of the transparent lower disc are rough surfaces.
4. The experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an inlet end liquid exchange chamber is arranged at the inlet end of the clear fissure model, and the inlet end liquid exchange chamber is communicated with the constant pressure liquid supply mechanism through a flow meter and a pressure sensor.
5. The experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an outlet liquid exchange chamber is arranged at an outlet end of the transparent fracture model, and the outlet liquid exchange chamber is communicated with the turbidimeter through a pressure sensor.
6. The experimental device of claim 1, further comprising an LED lamp for providing illumination light for the transparent slit model.
7. The experimental apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an inlet end waste liquid collecting barrel for collecting waste liquid generated at an inlet of the transparent fractured model.
8. The experimental apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an outlet-end waste liquid collecting barrel for collecting waste liquid generated at an outlet of the transparent fractured model.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117589654A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-02-23 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Seepage erosion test instrument and method for simulating crack-containing contact surface |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106645158A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-05-10 | 武汉大学 | Device for rock mass crack three-phase flow displacement dispersion capturing study and testing method |
| CN109506884A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-22 | 东北大学 | A kind of transparent crack air and liquid twophase flow experiment device |
| CN212568387U (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2021-02-19 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Visual test system for simulating coarse single-cross fracture multiphase seepage |
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- 2022-08-05 CN CN202210935873.6A patent/CN115452671A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106645158A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-05-10 | 武汉大学 | Device for rock mass crack three-phase flow displacement dispersion capturing study and testing method |
| CN109506884A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-22 | 东北大学 | A kind of transparent crack air and liquid twophase flow experiment device |
| CN212568387U (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2021-02-19 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Visual test system for simulating coarse single-cross fracture multiphase seepage |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117589654A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-02-23 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Seepage erosion test instrument and method for simulating crack-containing contact surface |
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