CN115443927B - Method for indoor rapid feeding artificial compound feed for elopichthys bambusa fries - Google Patents

Method for indoor rapid feeding artificial compound feed for elopichthys bambusa fries Download PDF

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CN115443927B
CN115443927B CN202211257967.9A CN202211257967A CN115443927B CN 115443927 B CN115443927 B CN 115443927B CN 202211257967 A CN202211257967 A CN 202211257967A CN 115443927 B CN115443927 B CN 115443927B
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feeding
fish
yellow
feed
food
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CN115443927A (en
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沈志刚
管赫赫
高泽霞
周琼
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Huazhong Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K50/00Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
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  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly domesticating artificial compound feed in a bambusa larva fish room, which comprises the steps of firstly constructing a dark environment by utilizing an illumination shielding object; after the fries are in parallel, feeding palatable baits for 4 to 7 days old for opening, then carrying out clustered domestication, establishing a yellow-light fish cluster for ingestion, and establishing conditional reflex, and transitioning from feeding palatable baits to feeding artemia for 7 to 10 days old; when the elopichthys bambusa fries establish colony habit and good condition reflection, and the fry length reaches 15mm, artificial compound feed feeding is started, and after 5 to 10 days, the feed is completely fed; when the fish fry is longer than 15mm and the population has a specification difference stage, the individuals with large specification or obvious residual food of other fish are selected, and the individual is continuously domesticated until all the individuals completely eat the feed. The invention avoids feeding by using fish paste, tubificidae and the like, reduces pathogen transmission, reduces the phenomenon of fierce residual food of the yellow-light, greatly improves the time of eating the feed by the yellow-light and improves the feeding-domesticating success rate.

Description

Method for indoor rapid feeding artificial compound feed for elopichthys bambusa fries
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish feeding-domesticating feed in aquaculture, in particular to a method for indoor rapid feeding-domesticating artificial compound feed for elmins.
Background
The elopichthys bambusoidea (Elopichthys bambusa) belongs to the cyprinid family, the sub-family of the jacobian, is a fierce carnivorous fish, is called as a "water tiger", is a special famous and precious cultured fish in Hubei, is a famous dish in Hubei, and is brought into a "Chinese national geographic mark product" by the national quality inspection general office in 2011. The meat quality is fresh and tender, the nutrition is rich, the price is generally more than 40 yuan/kg, and the price of more than 10kg of individuals is more than 80 yuan/kg. And the growth speed is high, various fishes can be prey in the water body, and the ecological system belongs to top-class consumers and plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecological system of the water body. In order to protect the environment and ecological resources of the Danjiang river mouth water body, the Danjiang river mouth city starts to comprehensively dismantle the net cage. Due to the disappearance of the main cultivation mode, the sharp reduction of the parent quantity and the like, the cultivation scale and the market consumption of the bamboos are sharply reduced. Currently, in order to protect the natural resources of the Changjiang river and the yellow-wall reservoirs of Danjiang river, meet the consumption demands of people on high-quality special fishes in the Changjiang river, promote the green development of special fish culture industry in China, and have urgent need to develop intensive research on the techniques of artificial breeding of yellow-wall, breeding of fries and adult fish culture, and establish a breeding-seedling-culture popularization technical system and an industrial chain. The artificial feed for the feeding of the eleocharis bambusa is the most important link in the cultivation of fries and is the basis of healthy cultivation of adult fish in the later period.
The fish is the most powerful carnivorous fish in the fresh water body, zooplankton is used for opening in the natural water body, when the whole length is 15-20mm, large-sized individuals begin to eat small individuals, even under the condition of insufficient bait, tail biting phenomenon exists in similar sized individuals, the residual eating phenomenon is very serious, and the survival rate of the offspring cultivation is always low. The traditional feeding of the elopichthys bambusa is to transfer young fish fries cultivated in a pond into a cement pond or an indoor cultivation pond for feeding artificial compound feed, and usually, when the feed is 40-60mm, the young fish fries are firstly fed with fish paste, tubificidae, fresh and icy young trash fish and the like, and then gradually transition into the feed, so that the feeding purpose is achieved. There are four prominent problems with this approach:
firstly, the feeding training time is late, and before the feeding training is caught from the pond, the serious food residue phenomenon exists in the pond;
secondly, during the food training period, the phenomenon of uneven food consumption is caused, the individual difference is easy to be increased, the phenomenon of residual food is serious, and the survival rate is obviously influenced;
thirdly, the environment is uncontrollable, the interference of external factors is large, when the environment is interfered by weather variation, young fishes which have been domesticated and eat the feed can stop eating, and the feeding domestication effect is unstable;
fourthly, the problems of environmental pollution and pathogen transmission exist, the risk of pathogen transmission exists when the fish paste, the tubificidae, the fresh and icy young fish and the like are fed, the pollution to the water environment is serious, and the method is not suitable for the great direction of green and healthy development of the current aquaculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for rapidly feeding artificial compound feed indoors for the elopichthys bambusa, which is used for rapidly feeding the elopichthys bambusa indoors before the specification difference appears, so as to reduce the residual food; the invention establishes a green and healthy food-domesticating method, which can timely let the elopichthys bambusa eat artificial compound feed, and improve the food-domesticating survival rate, thereby providing technical support for recovering the elopichthys bambusa green and healthy cultivation industry.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention designs a method for rapidly feeding artificial compound feed in a yellow field fish fry room, which comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) constructing a breeding and feeding-training environment: brushing and sterilizing the culture jar, aerating water in advance for standby, and constructing a dark environment by utilizing an illumination shielding object after the water is put into the water bloom (according to actual conditions, selecting proper positions for placing a food training frame, a food training lamp and an aeration head);
(2) Cluster feeding habit establishment: after the fries are in a flat run, feeding palatable baits for 4 to 7 days old, then starting to perform cluster domestication on the fries, establishing a feed for the groups of the yellow field fries by turning off an air pump, starting light to attract the groups of the yellow field fries, then feeding the groups of the yellow field fries, establishing conditional reflex, and transitioning from feeding the palatable baits to feeding the fairy worms for 7 to 10 days old;
(3) Feeding artificial compound feed: when the elopichthys bambusa fries establish colony habit and good condition reflection, and the fry length reaches 15mm, artificial compound feed feeding is started, the feeding proportion of the artemia is gradually reduced, the feeding proportion of the feed is increased, and the feed is completely fed after 5 to 10 days;
(4) Screening in time: when the fish fry is longer than 15mm and the population has a specification difference stage, individuals with large specifications or obvious residual food of other fish are picked out in time, and the large-size individuals and the small-size individuals are continuously tamed until all the individuals completely eat the feed.
Further, in the step (1), the diameter of the culture cylinder is not more than 10m, the water depth is more than 0.4m, and the water temperature in the culture cylinder is 22-30 ℃; and the elechorus bambusoides seedlings are put into the culture tank when the elechorus bambusoides seedlings are not ingested through the opening.
Still further, in the step (1), the feeding domestication lamp is arranged close to the wall of the cultivation cylinder; the color of the lamplight is yellow or white; when the illumination intensity of the dark environment is lower than 20lx, turning on the food-domesticating lamp, wherein the illumination intensity of the food-domesticating lamp is 40-100lx (the light stimulus can be obviously felt by the yellow field fish); under the domestication lamp, a bright and dark area is formed in the cultivation jar from the near to the far, namely, the light under the lamp is bright (the illumination intensity is more than 40 lx), and the light at the position in the jar far away from the lamp is dim (the illumination intensity is less than 30 lx).
Still further, in the step (2), the palatable bait is any one of egg yolk homogenate, soybean milk, small zooplankton and rotifers.
Still further, in the step (3), the color of the feed is brownish red or brownish yellow; the longest grain diameter at the initial stage of feeding is 300-600 μm, and increases with the increase of the specification of the yellow-light (the color and specification of the feed are similar to those of the fairy shrimp).
Still further, in the steps (1) to (4), the cultivation density is 1000-5000 tails/m 3 And needs to be diluted along with the growth of the elopichthys bambusa.
Through the technical measures, the rapid feeding artificial compound feed for the yellow field fries can be realized, and compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. according to the invention, the artificial feed for domesticating is firstly carried out at 15mm (residual food initial specification) of the elopichthys bambusa, so that the elopichthys bambusa is quickly fed, serious residual food caused by specification difference before the feeding is avoided, and the feeding-domestication success rate can reach more than 80%.
2. The invention establishes strong condition reflection and colony ingestion habit from the opening of the elopichthys bambusa to the early development stage of the fries, directly transits from the fairy shrimp to the artificial compound feed, and eliminates the problems of pathogen transmission, disease occurrence and water environment pollution caused by fish paste, tubificidae or icy young trash fish which are necessary in the prior art, and the indoor cultivation environment is stable, is not easy to be interfered by weather change, water quality change and the like, and can effectively improve the feeding success rate and the growth speed.
3. According to the method, the indoor culture environment suitable for the reining of the bamboos is established, and the large individual or the individual eating other small fish is picked out in time, so that the operation is convenient and feasible, the workload is reduced, and the reining survival rate is obviously improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for rapidly feeding artificial compound feed in a elopichthys bambusa fry room.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments for understanding by those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The method for rapidly domesticating artificial compound feed in the elopichthys bambusa fries room shown in fig. 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a breeding and feeding-training environment: cleaning a culture cylinder with the diameter of 2m and the depth of 0.6m and a conical bottom, brushing and sterilizing the culture cylinder, putting tap water in the culture cylinder, aerating for 24 hours, putting 5000 tail yellow elopichthys bambusoides in the culture cylinder, covering the culture cylinder by using a sunshade net, leaving 1/20 area as an erection site of a device feeding lamp, adjusting an aeration head to a smaller aeration amount, reducing water disturbance, and simultaneously ensuring that the dissolved oxygen level of the water is above 5 mg/kg. The water temperature is adjusted to 26-28 ℃ by using a variable-frequency heating rod, and under the temperature, the growth of the elopichthys bambusa is good, and the feed is fast received;
the food domestication lamp is arranged close to the wall of the cultivation cylinder; the color of the lamplight is white or yellow; when the illumination intensity of the dark environment is lower than 20lx, the food-training lamp is turned on, and the illumination intensity of the food-training lamp is 40-100lx, namely, the food-training lamp is obviously brighter than the cultivation environment when turned on, and the light stimulus can be obviously felt by the baby fish; the light angle can be adjusted, and can shine on the cylinder wall, tame under the food lamp, form bright and dark region from the near to the far in the breed jar, be that the light is bright under the lamp (illumination intensity >40 lx), the position light is dim (illumination intensity <30 lx) in the jar that keeps away from the lamp.
The erected food-training lamp forms a sector area in the culture tank, and a food-training frame is erected in the sector area, is buoyant and can fluctuate along with the water level. The used domestication lamps are yellow and white, when yellow weak light is found in the domestication process, the clustering effect is obvious, and the lamps are all adjusted to be yellow in the later period.
(2) Establishing cluster feeding habit: and after the young fish is smoothly swim, feeding the egg yolk homogenate for opening at the age of 5 days, feeding for 6 times a day, and stopping feeding when the intestinal tracts of the young fish are full of egg yolk particles. The method is characterized in that the feeding mode of the elopichthys bambusa larva fish clusters is established by turning off the air pump and turning on the feeding lamp to attract the elopichthys bambusa larva fish clusters and then feeding the elopichthys bambusa larva fish clusters, namely, feeding the elopichthys bambusa larva fish clusters in the presence of air and light, and not feeding the elopichthys bambusa larva fish clusters in the presence of air and no light, so that conditional reflection is established. And 7 days old, from yolk feeding to artemia feeding, 10 days old, and 5 times per day, and stopping feeding when the red-brown artemia fills the intestinal tract of the fry and the intestinal tract has obvious bulge. During the period, after 1 hour of feeding in the evening every day, the bottom feces and residual baits are siphoned, 1/4 of water is replaced, and the water quality is kept good.
(3) Feeding artificial compound feed: when the 18 days old, the length of the elopichthys bambusae reaches 15mm, the Shandong halyard particulate feed S1 is firstly added into the artemia, the feed is fed for 4 times per day, the feed is stopped when obvious rising of the abdomen of the fries is observed, then the feed feeding proportion of the artemia is gradually reduced, the feed feeding proportion is increased, the feed is fully fed after 6 days, and at the moment, more than 99% of feed exists in the intestinal tracts of the fries, so that the feeding is more successful. The used particle feed is brownish red, and when the length of the elopichthys bambusa larva is more than 20mm, the S1 feed is added with the S2 feed, and the later stage is adjusted in time.
(4) Screening in time: the fish fry is longer than 15mm, the size difference stage of the population appears, the situation that the large fish chases the small fish, even the young fish with similar size chases can be observed, and dead fish can occur. And (3) picking out individuals with large specifications or obvious residual food of other fishes for individual domestication, and continuously performing domestication on the original culture tank and the picked individuals until all the individuals completely eat the feed, wherein the domestication survival rate is recorded to be 86.3%.
(5) And (5) post-tame management: in the late stage of feeding, large individuals in the culture tank are picked out for independent feeding every 3 days, so that the later-stage survival rate can be effectively improved. The density is reduced every 10 days, and when the age is about 40 days, the elopichthys bambusa is transferred into a larger culture tank, pond, net cage or cement pond for culture. In the whole cultivation process, siphoning is carried out on the bottom of the cultivation tank every day, water is changed for 1/4 every 3 days, and the dissolved oxygen of the cultivation tank is kept to be more than 5 mg/kg.
As shown in Table 1, the young bambusa is 18 days old and 15mm long, and starts to feed, and the survival rate is 86.3%; the young bamboos are 28 days old and have 24mm body length to start feeding, and the survival rate is 80.2%; the young bamboos are 38 days old and 35mm long, and start to feed, and the survival rate is 74.9%.
TABLE 1 influence of different feeding initiation times on survival rate
As shown in fig. 1: before and during the feeding training, in order to establish the feeding habit and conditional reflection of the cluster of the elopichthys bambusa, the feeding frame is used as feeding signals in the form of stopping gas and turning on lamps when the fries are opened. In order to prevent the feed from scattering on the water surface, a floating food-training frame is placed into a culture cylinder before feeding the feed so as to limit the feed. In the whole cultivation process from the opening to the feed feeding, the feeding point is not changed.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for rapidly feeding artificial compound feed in a bambusa larva fish room is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) constructing a breeding and feeding-training environment: brushing and sterilizing the culture jar, aerating water in advance for standby, and constructing a dark environment by utilizing an illumination shielding object after the yellow light is put into the culture jar;
the food domestication lamp is arranged close to the wall of the cultivation cylinder; the color of the lamplight is white or yellow; when the illumination intensity of the dark environment is lower than 20lx, the food-training lamp is turned on, and the illumination intensity of the food-training lamp is 40-100lx, namely, the food-training lamp is obviously brighter than the cultivation environment when turned on, and the light stimulus can be obviously felt by the baby fish; the light angle can be adjusted, and the light can irradiate on the wall of the tank, under the food-training lamp, a bright and dark area is formed in the cultivation tank from the near to the far, namely the light under the lamp is bright, and the light at the position in the tank far away from the lamp is dim;
the built food-training lamps form a sector area in the culture tank, a food-training frame is erected in the sector area, the food-training frame is buoyant and can fluctuate along with the water level, the used food-training lamps are yellow and white, when yellow dim light is found in the food-training process, the cluster effect is obvious, and the later stage is completely adjusted to be yellow lamps; the culture cylinder is a conical-bottom culture cylinder, the diameter of the culture cylinder is not more than 10m, the water depth is more than 0.4m, and the water temperature in the culture cylinder is 22-30 ℃; the elbambusa seedlings are put into the culture tank when the elbambusa seedlings are not ingested through the opening;
(2) Cluster feeding habit establishment: after the young fish is in the flat run, feeding yolk homogenate for opening at the age of 5 days, feeding for 6 times per day, stopping feeding when the situation that yolk particles are full in the intestinal tracts of the young fish is observed, building the feeding of the yellow-minded larva fish clusters by turning off an air pump, starting a feeding-training lamp to attract the yellow-minded larva fish clusters, and then feeding the yellow-minded larva fish clusters, namely stopping feeding when the yellow-minded larva fish clusters are out of air, feeding the yellow-minded larva fish in the presence of light, not feeding the yellow-minded larva fish in the presence of air, building conditional reflex, transitioning from feeding yolk to feeding the artemia at the age of 7 days, starting to completely feed the artemia at the age of 10 days, feeding for 5 times per day, and observing that the red-brownish artemia is full in the intestinal tracts of the young fish, and stopping feeding when the intestinal tracts have obvious humps; during the period, 1/4 of water is replaced by siphoning the bottom feces and residual baits after feeding for 1 hour at night every day, so that the water quality is kept good; wherein the palatable bait is any one of egg yolk homogenate, soybean milk, small zooplankton and rotifer;
(3) Feeding artificial compound feed: when the elopichthys bambusa fries establish colony habit and good condition reflection, and the fry length reaches 15mm, artificial compound feed feeding is started, the feeding proportion of the artemia is gradually reduced, the feeding proportion of the feed is increased, and the feed is completely fed after 5 to 10 days;
(4) Screening in time: when the fish fry is longer than 15mm and the population has a specification difference stage, individuals with large specifications or obvious residual food of other fish are picked out in time, and the large-size individuals and the small-size individuals are continuously tamed until all the individuals completely eat the feed.
2. The method for rapidly feeding artificial compound feed indoors for the yellow baby fish according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the color of the feed is brownish red or brownish yellow; the longest grain diameter at the initial stage of feeding is 300-600 μm, and increases with the increase of the specification of the yellow-green tea.
3. The method for rapidly feeding artificial compound feed indoors for the yellow baby fish according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the steps (1) to (4), the cultivation density is 1000-5000 tails/m 3 And needs to be diluted along with the growth of the elopichthys bambusa.
CN202211257967.9A 2022-10-13 2022-10-13 Method for indoor rapid feeding artificial compound feed for elopichthys bambusa fries Active CN115443927B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107711616A (en) * 2017-11-02 2018-02-23 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 A kind of tame and docile food method of mandarin fish seed
CN107751050A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-03-06 中国长江三峡集团公司中华鲟研究所 A kind of long Qi Wen Minnow seed mass breeding methods
CN108575831A (en) * 2018-05-24 2018-09-28 湖南省水产科学研究所 The method that a Gan fishes tame and docile food artifical compound feed
CN110476845A (en) * 2019-09-30 2019-11-22 淮阴师范学院 A kind of factory culturing method of Bambusa fish fingerling
CN112243894A (en) * 2020-09-01 2021-01-22 长江大学 Artificial feed domesticating method for hybrid mandarin fish
CN112400762A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-02-26 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院(山东省海洋环境监测中心、山东省水产品质量检验中心) Industrial full-artificial breeding method of sebastes schlegeli

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107751050A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-03-06 中国长江三峡集团公司中华鲟研究所 A kind of long Qi Wen Minnow seed mass breeding methods
CN107711616A (en) * 2017-11-02 2018-02-23 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 A kind of tame and docile food method of mandarin fish seed
CN108575831A (en) * 2018-05-24 2018-09-28 湖南省水产科学研究所 The method that a Gan fishes tame and docile food artifical compound feed
CN110476845A (en) * 2019-09-30 2019-11-22 淮阴师范学院 A kind of factory culturing method of Bambusa fish fingerling
CN112243894A (en) * 2020-09-01 2021-01-22 长江大学 Artificial feed domesticating method for hybrid mandarin fish
CN112400762A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-02-26 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院(山东省海洋环境监测中心、山东省水产品质量检验中心) Industrial full-artificial breeding method of sebastes schlegeli

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