CN115443927A - Method for indoor rapid domestication of artificial compound feed for elopichthys bambusa larvae - Google Patents
Method for indoor rapid domestication of artificial compound feed for elopichthys bambusa larvae Download PDFInfo
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- 241000691908 Elopichthys bambusa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 12
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 235000021191 food habits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000595940 Notostraca Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000209128 Bambusa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000132906 Tubificidae Species 0.000 abstract description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for indoor quick domestication of artificial feed for elopichthys bambusa larvae, which comprises the steps of firstly constructing a dark environment by using an illumination shelter; after the fry swim smoothly, feeding palatable bait for opening in 4 to 7 days old, then performing cluster domestication, establishing the cluster feeding of elopichthys bambusa, establishing conditioned reflex, and transitioning from feeding the palatable bait to feeding the artemia in 7 to 10 days old; after the colony habit of the elopichthys bambusa larvae is established and good conditioned reflex is established, and meanwhile, when the body length of the larvae reaches 15mm, artificial mixed feed domestication is started, and the larvae are fed with the feed completely after 5 to 10 days; when the fry body is more than 15mm and the group has a specification difference stage, picking out individuals with large specifications or obviously eating other fishes, and continuing to domesticate the individuals until all the individuals eat the feed completely. The method avoids feeding fish paste, tubificidae and the like, reduces pathogen transmission, reduces the fierce and incomplete feeding phenomenon, greatly shortens the feed intake time for the elopichthys bambusa, and improves the feed domestication success rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish domesticating feed in aquaculture, in particular to a method for indoor quick domesticating artificial compound feed for elopichthys bambusa larvae.
Background
Elopichthys bambusa belongs to the family Cyprinaceae and the subfamily Ardisidae, is a fiercely carnivorous fish, is called as a water tiger, is a famous and precious cultured fish in Hubei, is a famous dish in Hubei, and is brought into a Chinese geographical mark product by the general national quality inspection office in 2011. The meat is fresh and tender, the nutrition is rich, the price generally exceeds 40 yuan/kg, and the price of more than 10kg of individuals exceeds 80 yuan/kg. The growth speed is fast, various fishes can be preyed in the water body, the ecological system belongs to top-level consumers, and the ecological system has an important effect on maintaining the balance of the water body ecological system. In order to protect the water environment and ecological resources at the Danjiang estuary, the net cages are completely dismantled in the city of the Danjiang estuary. Due to the disappearance of the main breeding mode, the number of parents and the like, the breeding scale and the market consumption are sharply reduced. At present, in order to protect the natural resources of the elopichthys bambusa in reservoirs at Yangtze and Danjiang estuary, meet the consumption requirements of people on high-quality and special fishes in Yangtze and promote the green development of the special fish culture industry in China, the further research on the elopichthys bambusa artificial propagation, fingerling cultivation and adult fish culture technology is urgently needed to establish a propagation-seedling-culture popularization technology system and an industrial chain. Elopichthys bambusa domestication artificial compound feed is the most important link in fry breeding and is the basis for healthy breeding of later-period adult fishes.
Elopic bambusa is the most fierce carnivorous fish in fresh water, the opening is formed by zooplankton in natural water, when the total length is 15-20mm, large-sized individuals begin to eat food residues, even under the condition that baits are insufficient, tail biting phenomena exist in the individuals with similar specifications, the food residue phenomena are very serious, and the survival rate of fingerling cultivation is always low. The conventional elopichthys bambusa domestication method is to transfer young fish fries cultivated in a pond into a cement pond or an indoor cultivation pond to transfer artificial compound feed, and generally when the fish fries are 40-60mm, fish paste, tubificidae, ice fresh young trash fish and the like are fed firstly, and then the fish fries are gradually transferred into the feed, so that the domestication purpose is achieved. There are four outstanding problems with this approach:
firstly, the food habit domestication time is late, and before the food habit domestication is caught from a pond, a relatively serious food residue phenomenon exists in the pond;
secondly, the phenomenon of uneven eating exists during feeding habit domestication, and individual difference is easy to enlarge, so that the phenomenon of incomplete eating is serious, and the survival rate is obviously influenced;
thirdly, the environment is uncontrollable, the interference of external factors is large, and when the interference of weather change occurs, the young fishes domesticated and eating the feed stop eating, so that the domestication effect is unstable;
and fourthly, the problems of environmental pollution and pathogen transmission are solved, the risk of pathogen transmission exists when fish paste, tubificidae, iced fresh and young trash fish and the like are used for feeding, the water environment pollution is serious, and the method is not suitable for the green and healthy development of current aquaculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for indoor quick domestication of an elopichia bambusa artificial compound feed, which is used for indoor quick domestication of elopichia bambusa fish before specification difference occurs, so that residual food is reduced; the invention establishes a green and healthy domestication method, can allow elopichthys bambusa to eat artificial compound feed in time, and improves domestication survival rate, thereby providing technical support for recovering the elopichthys bambusa green and healthy breeding industry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for indoor quick domestication of artificial mixed feed for elopichthys bambusa larvae, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a culture and food taming environment: scrubbing and disinfecting the culture tank, aerating for standby before water extraction, and constructing a dark environment by using an illumination shield after water is dissolved at the position (selecting a proper position to place a food domestication frame, a food domestication lamp and an aeration head according to actual conditions);
(2) Establishing a colony feeding habit: after the fry swim smoothly, feeding palatable bait for opening in 4-7 days old, then performing cluster domestication on the fry, establishing elopichthys bambusa cluster feeding in a mode of turning off an air pump, turning on light to attract elopichthys bambusa cluster and then feeding, and establishing conditioned reflex, wherein the 7-10 days old is transited from feeding the palatable bait to feeding the artemia;
(3) Domesticating artificial compound feed: when colony habit and good conditioned reflex are established for the elopichthys bambusa fries, artificial mixed feed domestication is started when the fry length reaches 15mm, the feeding proportion of the fairy shrimp is gradually reduced, the feeding proportion of the feed is increased, and the feed is completely fed after 5 to 10 days;
(4) And (3) timely screening: when the fry body is more than 15mm and the group has a specification difference stage, picking out large-specification or obviously cannible individuals of other fishes in time, and continuing to domesticate the large-specification and small-specification individuals until all individuals eat the feed completely.
Further, in the step (1), the diameter of the culture tank is not more than 10m, the water depth is more than 0.4m, and the water temperature in the culture tank is 22-30 ℃; the Elopichthys bambusa is placed in the breeding cylinder when the Elopichthys bambusa is not opened for food intake.
Furthermore, in the step (1), the feeding habit domesticating lamp is arranged close to the wall of the culture cylinder; the color of the light is yellow or white; when the illumination intensity in the dark environment is lower than 20lx, the food habit domesticating lamp is turned on, and the illumination intensity of the food habit domesticating lamp is 40-100lx (the elopichia bambusa can obviously feel light stimulation); under the food domestication lamp, a light and shade area is formed in the cultivation jar from near to far, namely the light is bright under the lamp (the illumination intensity is greater than 40 lx), and the light is dim at the position far away from the lamp in the jar (the illumination intensity is less than 30 lx).
Still further, in the step (2), the palatable bait is any one of egg yolk homogenate, soybean milk, small zooplankton and rotifer.
Still further, in the step (3), the feed is brownish red or brownish yellow; the longest grain diameter is 300-600 mu m at the initial stage of domestication and increases with the increase of the elopichia pastoris specification (the color and specification of the feed are similar to those of the fairy shrimp).
Still further, in the steps (1) to (4), the cultivation density is 1000-5000 tails/m 3 And the Elopichthys bambusa needs to be diluted as the Elopichthys bambusa grows.
Through the technical measures, the artificial mixed feed for quickly domesticating elopichthys bambusa larvae can be realized, and compared with the prior art, the artificial mixed feed has the advantages and effects as follows:
1. the invention firstly domesticates artificial compound feed for elopichthys bambusa fries with the diameter of 15mm (the starting specification of residual food), quickly transfers the elopichthys bambusa fries to feed, avoids serious residual food caused by the specification difference before domestication, and has the food domestication success rate of over 80 percent.
2. The method establishes strong conditioned reflex and colony feeding habit from the opening to the early development stage of the fish fries, directly transits from the fairy shrimp to artificial mixed feed, and avoids fish paste, tubificidae or ice fresh juvenile trash fish which are necessary in the prior art, thereby greatly reducing the problems of pathogen transmission, disease occurrence and water environment pollution, ensuring stable indoor culture environment, being not easily interfered by weather change, water quality change and the like, and effectively improving the domestication success rate and the growth speed.
3. The method establishes an indoor breeding environment suitable for elopichia bambusa domestication, timely picks out large individuals or individuals eating other small fishes, is convenient and feasible to operate, reduces the workload, and obviously improves the domestication survival rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for indoor quick domestication of artificial feed for elopichthys bambusa larvae.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples so as to be understood by those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The method for indoor quick domestication of artificial mixed feed for elopichthys bambusa as shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a breeding and food domestication environment: cleaning a culture tank with the diameter of 2m, the depth of 0.6m and a conical bottom, scrubbing and disinfecting the culture tank, putting tap water into the culture tank, aerating for 24 hours, putting 5000 elopichthys bambusa fish into the culture tank, covering the culture tank by a sunshade net, reserving 1/20 of the area as the erection site of an equipment taming lamp, adjusting an aeration head to a smaller aeration amount, reducing the disturbance of a water body, and simultaneously ensuring the dissolved oxygen level of the water body to be more than 5 mg/kg. The water temperature is adjusted to 26-28 ℃ by using a variable frequency heating rod, the elopichthys bambusa grows well at the temperature, and the feed is received quickly;
the food taming lamp is arranged close to the wall of the culture cylinder; the color of the light is white or yellow; when the illumination intensity of the dark environment is lower than 20lx, the food domestication lamp is turned on, and the illumination intensity of the food domestication lamp is 40-100lx, namely the food domestication lamp is obviously brighter than the culture environment when turned on, and the elopichthys bambusa can obviously feel light stimulation; the angle of the lamp light can be adjusted, and the lamp light can irradiate on the wall of the aquarium, a bright and dark area is formed in the cultivation aquarium from near to far under the feeding domestication lamp, namely the light under the lamp is bright (the illumination intensity is greater than 40 lx), and the light at the position far away from the lamp in the aquarium is dim (the illumination intensity is less than 30 lx).
The erected food habit domestication lamp forms a fan-shaped area in the culture tank, and a food habit domestication frame is erected in the fan-shaped area, is floating and can fluctuate up and down along with the water level. The food habit domestication lamp is yellow and white, when yellow dim light is found in the food habit domestication process, the clustering effect is obvious, and the yellow lamp is adjusted in the later period.
(2) Establishing a cluster feeding habit: after the fingerlings are flat swimming, egg yolk homogenate liquid is fed for opening when the fingerlings are 5 days old, the fingerlings are fed for 6 times every day, and the fingerlings are stopped feeding when the intestinal tracts of the fingerlings are full of egg yolk particles. The method is characterized in that feeding of the elopichthys bambusa colony is established in a mode of turning off an air pump, turning on a feeding habit training lamp to attract the elopichthys bambusa colony and then feeding the elopichthys bambusa colony, namely feeding the elopichthys bambusa colony when the air pump is stopped and light exists, and not feeding the elopichthys bambusa colony when the air pump is stopped and light does not exist, and conditioned reflex is established. When the fish fries are 7 days old, the egg yolk feeding is transited to the fairy shrimp feeding, when the fish fries are 10 days old, the fairy shrimp is completely fed, the fish fries are fed for 5 times every day, the brownish red fairy shrimp is observed to be full of fish fry intestinal tracts, and the feeding is stopped when the fish fries have obvious swell in the intestinal tracts. During this period, the feces and the residual bait at the bottom of the cylinder are siphoned after feeding for 1 hour every night, 1/4 of the water body is replaced, and the water quality is kept good.
(3) Domesticating artificial compound feed: at the age of 18 days, the Elopichthora bambusae body length reaches 15mm, shandongtong Shengsuo particle feed S1 is added into the fairy shrimp, feeding is carried out for 4 times every day, feeding is stopped when the belly of the fry is obviously raised, then the feeding proportion of the fairy shrimp is gradually reduced, the feeding proportion of the feed is increased, the feed is completely fed after 6 days, and at the moment, more than 99% of feed exists in intestinal tracts of the fry, which indicates that feeding domestication is successful. The particulate feed is brownish red, when the length of the yellow-moon fish is more than 20mm, the S2 feed is added into the S1 feed, and the adjustment is carried out in time at the later stage.
(4) And (3) timely screening: the fry length is more than 15mm, and the condition that big fishes chase small fishes, even fries with similar specifications chase, and dead fishes occur can be observed when the groups have specification difference. And (3) selecting the individuals with large specifications or obviously eating other fishes for independent domestication, and continuing to domesticate the original culture tank and the selected individuals until all the individuals eat the feed completely, wherein the domestication survival rate is recorded to be 86.3 percent.
(5) Food taming later-stage management: in the late feeding period, large individuals in the culture tank are picked out and fed independently every 3 days, so that the survival rate in the later period can be effectively improved. The density is reduced every 10 days, and at the age of about 40 days, the elopichthys bambusa is transferred to a larger culture tank, a pond, a net cage or a cement pond for breeding. In the whole culture process, siphoning is carried out on the bottom of the culture tank every day, water is changed by 1/4 every 3 days, and the dissolved oxygen in the culture tank is kept to be more than 5 mg/kg.
As shown in Table 1, young elopichthys bambusa fish starts to domesticate food at 18 days old and 15mm in body length, and the survival rate is 86.3 percent; young elopichthys bambusa fish is 28 days old and 24mm in body length and begins to domesticate food, and the survival rate is 80.2 percent; the young elopichthys bambusa fish is 38 days old and 35mm in body length and begins to domesticate food, and the survival rate is 74.9 percent.
TABLE 1 Effect of different feeding initiation times on survival
As shown in fig. 1: before and during domestication, in order to establish feeding habit and conditioned reflex of elopichthys bambusa colony, the gas is stopped, the light is turned on, and the domestication frame is placed as a feeding signal, and the signal exists in the form of stopping gas and turning on the light when the fries are opened. In order to prevent the feed from scattering on the water surface, the floating domestication frame is put into the culture tank to limit the feed before the feed is fed. In the whole culture process from the opening to the feeding of the feed, the feeding point is not changed.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for indoor quick domestication of artificial compound feed for elopichthys bambusa larvae is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a culture and food taming environment: scrubbing and disinfecting the culture tank, aerating for later use before water extraction, and constructing a dark environment by using a light shield after water is placed at an elopichia pastoris;
(2) Establishing a cluster feeding habit: after the fry swim smoothly, feeding palatable bait for opening in 4-7 days old, then performing cluster domestication on the fry, establishing elopichthys bambusa cluster feeding in a mode of turning off an air pump, turning on light to attract elopichthys bambusa cluster and then feeding, and establishing conditioned reflex, wherein the 7-10 days old is transited from feeding the palatable bait to feeding the artemia;
(3) Domesticating artificial compound feed: when colony habit and good conditioned reflex are established for the elopichthys bambusa fries, artificial mixed feed domestication is started when the fry length reaches 15mm, the feeding proportion of the fairy shrimp is gradually reduced, the feeding proportion of the feed is increased, and the feed is completely fed after 5 to 10 days;
(4) And (3) timely screening: when the fry body length is more than 15mm and the group has a specification difference stage, timely picking out large or obviously cannible other fish individuals, and continuing to domesticate the large and small individuals until all individuals eat the feed completely.
2. The method for indoor quick domestication of artificial feed for elopichthys bambusa according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the diameter of the culture tank is not more than 10m, the water depth is more than 0.4m, and the water temperature in the culture tank is 22-30 ℃; the Elopichthys bambusa is placed in the breeding cylinder when the Elopichthys bambusa is not opened for food intake.
3. The method for indoor quick domestication of artificial feed for elopichthys bambusa according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the food domesticating lamp is arranged close to the wall of the culture cylinder; the color of the light is white or yellow; when the illumination intensity in the dark environment is lower than 20lx, turning on the food habit domesticating lamp, wherein the illumination intensity of the food habit domesticating lamp is 40-100lx;
under the food domestication lamp, a light and shade area is formed in the cultivation cylinder from near to far, namely the light is bright under the lamp, and the light is dim at the position in the cylinder far away from the lamp.
4. The method for indoor quick domestication of artificial feed for elopichthys bambusa according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the palatable bait is any one of egg yolk homogenate, soybean milk, small zooplankton and rotifer.
5. The method for indoor quick domestication of artificial feed for elopichthys bambusa according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the feed is brownish red or brownish yellow; the longest particle diameter is 300-600 μm at the initial stage of domestication and increases with the increase of the elopichia bambusa specification.
6. The method for indoor quick domestication of artificial feed for elopichthys bambusa according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the steps (1) to (4), the culture density is 1000-5000 tails/m 3 And the Elopichthys bambusa needs to be diluted as the Elopichthys bambusa grows.
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| CN107751050A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-03-06 | 中国长江三峡集团公司中华鲟研究所 | A kind of long Qi Wen Minnow seed mass breeding methods |
| CN107711616A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-02-23 | 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of tame and docile food method of mandarin fish seed |
| CN108575831A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-28 | 湖南省水产科学研究所 | The method that a Gan fishes tame and docile food artifical compound feed |
| CN110476845A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-11-22 | 淮阴师范学院 | A kind of factory culturing method of Bambusa fish fingerling |
| CN112243894A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2021-01-22 | 长江大学 | Artificial feed domesticating method for hybrid mandarin fish |
| CN112400762A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-02-26 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院(山东省海洋环境监测中心、山东省水产品质量检验中心) | Industrial full-artificial breeding method of sebastes schlegeli |
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