CN115436227A - Micro-fluidic chip and method suitable for measuring viscosity of micro-upgrading liquid sample - Google Patents
Micro-fluidic chip and method suitable for measuring viscosity of micro-upgrading liquid sample Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-fluidic chip and a method suitable for measuring viscosity of a micro-upgrading liquid sample, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a substrate layer, a main channel layer, a loading channel layer and a covering layer which are arranged in sequence; the main channel layer is provided with a main channel along the length direction, the loading channel layer is provided with a loading channel along the direction vertical to the main channel, and the loading channel is communicated with the main channel; at least one communicating opening is formed in the loading channel layer along the main channel direction, and the communicating opening is communicated with the main channel; a sample loading inlet is arranged at a position, corresponding to one end of the loading channel, on the covering layer, and a first pressure interface is arranged at a position, corresponding to the other end of the loading channel; and pressure interfaces are respectively arranged at the positions, corresponding to the communication ports, on the covering layer. The communicating design of the loading channel and the main channel of the microfluidic chip and the communicating design of the communicating port and the pressure interface can measure the viscosity of the micro-upgraded liquid sample without a large amount of liquid samples.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microfluidics, in particular to a microfluidic chip and a method suitable for measuring the viscosity of a micro-upgraded liquid sample.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Viscosity is one of the important physical properties of a fluid. Macroscopically, viscosity is a measure of fluid flow; microscopically, viscosity is related to the internal friction between fluid molecules as the fluid flows. Viscosity has very important theoretical and application value, and measurement of viscosity is a key task in almost all fields related to fluids.
Viscometers, as the name implies, are instruments for measuring viscosity. Currently, conventional commercial viscometers mainly include: capillary, coaxial cylinder and falling ball viscometers. The three kinds of viscometer have different measurement principles and have advantages and disadvantages. However, a common problem with conventional commercial viscometers is that they typically require the volume of the liquid sample being measured to be between 0.5mL and 500 mL. Thus, conventional commercial viscometers have difficulty measuring the liquid sample being measured when it is small, low available, or expensive.
The microfluidic technology is a technology for manipulating and processing fluid on a microscale, has the characteristic of integration, and can shrink the operations of preparation, separation, detection and the like of a fluid sample to a microfluidic chip of a few square centimeters or even smaller to complete. At present, the microfluidic chip is used for analyzing and detecting various fluids, but the viscosity measurement of micro-upgrading liquid samples by using the microfluidic chip is not found yet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a micro-fluidic chip and a method suitable for measuring the viscosity of a micro-upgrading liquid sample, which can realize accurate measurement of the viscosity of the micro-upgrading liquid sample.
In some embodiments, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a microfluidic chip suitable for measuring the viscosity of a micro-scaled liquid sample, comprising: the device comprises a substrate layer, a main channel layer, a loading channel layer and a covering layer which are arranged in sequence;
the main channel layer is provided with a main channel along the length direction, the loading channel layer is provided with a loading channel along the direction vertical to the main channel, and the loading channel is communicated with the main channel; at least one communicating port is arranged on the loading channel layer along the main channel direction, and the communicating port is communicated with the main channel;
a sample loading inlet is arranged at a position, corresponding to one end of the loading channel, on the covering layer, and a first pressure interface is arranged at a position, corresponding to the other end of the loading channel; and pressure interfaces are respectively arranged at the positions corresponding to the communication ports on the covering layer.
As a further alternative, the width of the main channel should be at least n times its height to produce a slot-laminar flow; n is more than or equal to 10.
As a further alternative, the inner walls of the main channel are coated with a hydrophobic coating to minimize viscosity measurement errors due to drag.
As a further scheme, the width of the loading channel is smaller than that of the main channel, and the inner diameters of the sample loading inlet and the first pressure interface are smaller than that of the loading channel; the inner diameters of the communication ports and the pressure ports corresponding to the communication ports are smaller than the width of the main channel.
As a further alternative, one end of the loading channel is spatially aligned with and in communication with one end of the main channel.
As a further scheme, a first communication port, a second communication port and a third communication port are arranged on the loading channel layer along the main channel direction, and each communication port is respectively communicated with the main channel; a second pressure interface, a third pressure interface and a fourth pressure interface are respectively arranged at the positions, corresponding to each communication port, on the covering layer; each pressure interface is communicated with the corresponding communication port; the first communication port is arranged at one end, close to the loading channel, of the loading channel layer, and the second communication port and the third communication port are arranged at one end, far away from the loading channel, of the loading channel layer.
In other embodiments, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a system for measuring viscosity of a micro-upgraded liquid sample, comprising: the micro-fluidic chip is suitable for measuring the viscosity of the micro-upgrading liquid sample, and the camera is arranged outside the chip and used for recording the flowing process of the liquid sample flowing through the main channel so as to obtain the physical parameters of the viscosity of the liquid sample.
In other embodiments, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a method of operating a system for measuring viscosity of a micro-scaled liquid sample, comprising:
injecting a liquid sample to be tested into the loading channel from the sample loading inlet, and entering the main channel through the loading channel;
stopping injecting liquid when the front edge of the liquid sample to be detected reaches a set pressure interface, and sealing a sample loading inlet;
opening the first pressure interface and connecting the first pressure interface with an external pressure source; when the measurement is started, the external pressure source is pressurized, so that the liquid sample starts to flow forwards along the main channel;
meanwhile, the pressure change of the liquid sample in the flowing process is recorded through an external pressure sensor, the flowing process of the liquid sample flowing through the main channel is recorded through a camera, and then the physical parameters for calculating the viscosity of the liquid sample are obtained.
As a further alternative, the dynamic viscosity of the liquid sample is defined as the ratio of shear force to shear rate; the shearing force is calculated according to the size of the main channel, the length of the liquid sample, the pressure difference before and after the liquid sample and the capillary pressure difference at the gas-liquid interface at the rear end of the liquid sample;
the shear rate is calculated from the size of the main channel and the volumetric flow rate of the liquid sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The communication design of the loading channel and the main channel of the microfluidic chip and the communication design of the communication port and the pressure interface can measure the viscosity of a micro-upgraded liquid sample without a large amount of liquid samples.
(2) The microfluidic chip is easy to obtain raw materials, is mainly manufactured through the steps of laser cutting, bonding and the like, and is simple in manufacturing process, convenient and fast to operate and high in economy; and the chip is small in volume, convenient to carry and move and low in potential economic cost.
(3) The width of the main channel is more than or equal to 10 times of the height of the main channel, slit laminar flow can be generated, and the viscosity of the liquid sample is calculated based on the geometric parameters of the microfluidic channel and by combining the pressure change in the flowing process of the liquid sample and the parameters in the flowing process.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a layered structure of a microfluidic chip suitable for measuring viscosity of a micro-upgraded liquid sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a microfluidic chip assembly suitable for measuring viscosity of a micro-scaled liquid sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the liquid sample loading device comprises a substrate layer 01, a main channel layer 02, a loading channel layer 03, a covering layer 04, a positioning guide hole 05, a main channel 06, a loading channel 07, a first communication port 08, a first communication port 09, a second communication port 10, a third communication port 11, a liquid sample loading inlet 12, a first pressure interface 13, a second pressure interface 14, a third pressure interface 15 and a fourth pressure interface.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example one
In one or more embodiments, a microfluidic chip suitable for measuring viscosity of a micro-scale liquid sample is disclosed, which, with reference to fig. 1, specifically includes: the device comprises a substrate layer 01, a main channel layer 02, a loading channel layer 03 and a covering layer 04 which are arranged in sequence; the loading device comprises a main channel layer 02, a loading channel layer 03, a main channel 06, a loading channel 07, a main channel 06 and a loading channel, wherein the main channel 06 is arranged on the main channel layer 02 along the central line of the length direction, the loading channel layer is provided with the loading channel 07 along the direction vertical to the main channel 06, and one end of the loading channel 07, close to the main channel 06, is aligned with and communicated with the main channel 06; the loading channel layer 03 is provided with a first communicating port 08, a second communicating port 09 and a third communicating port 10 on a central line along the length direction; each communicating port is communicated 06 with the main channel; a liquid sample loading inlet 11 is arranged on the covering layer 04 at a position corresponding to one end of the loading channel 07, and a first pressure interface 12 is arranged at a position corresponding to the other end of the loading channel; and a second pressure interface 13, a third pressure interface 14 and a fourth pressure interface 15 are respectively arranged at the positions corresponding to the communication ports on the covering layer.
In this embodiment, the first pressure interface 12 is used for connecting an external pressure source and a first pressure sensor; the first communication port 08 is communicated with the second pressure interface and used for quantifying the sample loading amount, and in the loading process, when the liquid sample reaches the first communication port 08, the loading of the liquid sample is stopped; the second communication port 09 is communicated with the third pressure interface 14 and is externally connected with a second pressure sensor; the third communicating port 10 is communicated with the fourth pressure interface 15, is a normally open port and is communicated with the atmosphere.
Specifically, each layer of the microfluidic chip is rectangular strip-shaped, and the length and the width of each layer are the same and are centimeter-sized. The main channel layer 02 of the microfluidic chip is provided with a straight main channel 06 on the central line along the length direction, the cross section of the main channel 06 perpendicular to the length direction is rectangular, the main channel is long enough to fully develop the flow of the liquid sample therein to a balanced state, and the width of the main channel is more than 10 times of the height to generate the slit laminar flow. As an example, the total length of the main channel is not less than 10mm, the width is not less than 100 μm, and the width should be about 10 times the height.
In this embodiment, the surface of the main channel 06 needs to be modified to be smooth and hydrophobic, so as to reduce the error of the resistance caused by roughness and hydrophilicity on the viscosity measurement as much as possible; therefore, the hydrophobic coating is coated on the inner wall of the main channel 06 to minimize the viscosity measurement error caused by the resistance, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) And (3) injecting the hydrophobic coating into the main channel, and standing for a period of time.
(2) The main channel is flushed with air to expel excess hydrophobic coating.
(3) And repeating the steps of injecting and flushing.
(4) Baking the main channel at 65 ℃ for a period of time to set the hydrophobic coating.
A loading channel layer 03 of the microfluidic chip is attached to a main channel layer 02, a loading channel 07 is arranged on the loading channel layer 03 in the width direction, and the width (or the inner diameter) of the loading channel is smaller than that of the main channel, so that backflow of a liquid sample can be effectively avoided.
The liquid sample loading inlet 11 and the first pressure port 12 on the cover layer 04 are circular in shape and have an inner diameter no higher than the width (or inner diameter) of the loading channel; the second pressure port 13, the third pressure port 14 and the fourth pressure port 15 are circular and have respective inner diameters that are the same as (or close to) the inner diameters of the first, second and third communication ports of the loading channel layer.
In this embodiment, the inner diameters of the liquid sample loading inlet 11 and the first pressure port 12 are smaller than the width of the loading channel 07, and the first communication port 08, the second communication port 09, and the third communication port 10 are circular and each inner diameter is smaller than the width of the main channel, so that sufficient capillary resistance is generated to prevent the fluid from flowing out of the main channel during measurement.
In this embodiment, the substrate layer 01, the main channel layer 02, the loading channel layer 03, and the cover layer 04 of the microfluidic chip are all provided with at least 2 positioning guide holes 05, and the positioning guide holes 05 are used for aligning each layer in the assembly process of the microfluidic chip and are preferentially arranged near the end lines and/or short points of each layer.
In this embodiment, the microfluidic chip is formed by assembling a four-layer structure with sheets, and the material of the substrate layer or the loading channel layer may be any one of, or a combination of two or more of, polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic), polycarbonate (polycarbonate), polystyrene (polystyrene), polyethylene (polyethylene), and polypropylene (polypropylene).
The material of the main channel layer and the covering layer may be any one or a combination of two or more of polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic), silicone, rubber, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (polyethylene terephthalate), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET-G).
The manufacturing method of the microfluidic chip comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: drawing and designing each layer of the microfluidic chip by using CAD software;
step two: the base layer is obtained by cutting a sheet of rigid transparent material with a laser cutter.
Step three: and cutting the rigid transparent material sheet by using a laser cutter to obtain the main channel layer.
Step four: and aligning the main channel layer with the positioning guide holes of the substrate layer, and bonding the main channel layer and the substrate layer to ensure that the main channel layer and the substrate layer are jointed.
Step five: and cutting the rigid transparent material sheet by using a laser cutter to obtain the loading channel layer.
Step six: and aligning the loading channel layer with the positioning guide hole of the main channel layer, and bonding the loading channel layer and the main channel layer to ensure that the loading channel layer and the main channel layer are jointed.
Step seven: the cover layer is obtained by cutting a sheet of rigid transparent material with a laser cutter.
Step eight: and aligning the covering layer with the positioning guide hole of the loading channel layer, and bonding the covering layer and the positioning guide hole of the loading channel layer to ensure that the covering layer and the positioning guide hole are jointed.
After the assembly of each layer of the microfluidic chip is completed, the surface of the main channel needs to be modified to be smooth and hydrophobic, so as to reduce the error of the resistance caused by roughness and hydrophilicity on viscosity measurement as much as possible. The main channel is subjected to surface modification treatment by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and injecting a hydrophobic coating into the main channel, and standing for a period of time.
Step two: the main channel is flushed with air to expel excess hydrophobic coating.
Step three: and repeating the steps of injecting and flushing.
Step four: baking the main channel at 65 ℃ for a period of time to set the hydrophobic coating.
Example two
In one or more embodiments, a system for measuring viscosity of a micro-scaled liquid sample is disclosed, comprising: the micro-fluidic chip for measuring the viscosity of the micro-upgraded liquid sample and the camera arranged outside the chip are used for recording the flowing process of the liquid sample flowing through the main channel so as to obtain the physical parameters of the viscosity of the liquid sample.
The working method of the system of the embodiment is as follows:
injecting a liquid sample to be tested into the loading channel from the sample loading inlet, and entering the main channel through the loading channel; stopping injecting liquid when the front edge of the liquid sample to be detected reaches a set pressure interface, and sealing a sample loading inlet;
opening the first pressure interface 12 and connecting it with an external pressure source, and simultaneously connecting it with a first pressure sensor; the third pressure interface 14 is connected with a second pressure sensor;
when the measurement is started, the external pressure source is pressurized, so that the liquid sample starts to flow forwards along the main channel; meanwhile, the pressure change of the liquid sample in the flowing process is recorded through the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, the flowing process of the liquid sample flowing through the main channel is recorded through the camera, and then the physical parameters for calculating the viscosity of the liquid sample are obtained.
Specifically, at the initial moment, the first pressure port 12 and the second pressure port 13 are sealed, the third pressure port 14 is connected to the pressure sensor, and the fourth pressure port 15 is connected to the atmosphere. The liquid sample to be measured is injected into the loading channel and the main channel from the liquid sample loading inlet, and the part of the liquid sample entering the main channel participates in the viscosity measurement. To quantify the volume of the measured liquid sample, the injection is stopped when the leading edge of the liquid sample reaches the second pressure port.
After the liquid sample loading is completed, the liquid sample loading inlet is sealed. The first pressure port is opened and connected to an external pressure source and simultaneously to a pressure sensor.
At the start of the measurement, the external pressure source pressurizes and compresses the air upstream of the liquid sample, and when the pressure reaches a certain threshold, the liquid sample begins to flow forward along the main channel. When the external pressure source is started, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and an external miniature camera start to operate, the pressure sensor is used for recording pressure changes in the flowing process of the liquid sample, the camera is used for recording the flowing process of the liquid sample flowing through the main channel, relevant images are analyzed by a specific computer program, and physical parameters for calculating the viscosity of the liquid sample, such as the flow rate of the liquid sample in a flowing balance state and the length of the liquid sample, are given.
The specific calculation principle is as follows:
the dynamic viscosity (. Mu.) of a liquid sample is defined as the shear force (. Tau.) w ) And shear rate
In a ratio of (i) to (ii)
Shear force tau of channel wall w And shear rate
Calculated by the following formula, respectively:
wherein H and W are the height and width of the main channel, respectively, and L is the sample length and is obtained by processing the image taken by the camera; delta P is the pressure difference before and after the liquid sample, and is measured by a pressure sensor; delta P capillary Is the capillary pressure difference at the gas-liquid interface at the back end of the liquid sample, which is calculated by the following formula:
where σ is the surface tension of a known liquid sample; theta is a characteristic contact angle and is obtained by analyzing an image shot by the camera;
is the hydraulic radius of the channel, calculated from the formula:
q is the volume flow of the liquid sample, obtained according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the average velocity of the liquid sample flowing in the microchannel in an equilibrium state, and is obtained by analyzing the image taken by the camera.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A microfluidic chip suitable for measuring the viscosity of a micro-scaled liquid sample, comprising: the device comprises a substrate layer, a main channel layer, a loading channel layer and a covering layer which are arranged in sequence;
the main channel layer is provided with a main channel along the length direction, the loading channel layer is provided with a loading channel along the direction vertical to the main channel, and the loading channel is communicated with the main channel; at least one communicating opening is formed in the loading channel layer along the main channel direction, and the communicating opening is communicated with the main channel;
a sample loading inlet is arranged at a position, corresponding to one end of the loading channel, on the covering layer, and a first pressure interface is arranged at a position, corresponding to the other end of the loading channel, on the covering layer; and pressure interfaces are respectively arranged at the positions corresponding to the communication ports on the covering layer.
2. A microfluidic chip suitable for measuring the viscosity of a micro-scaled liquid sample according to claim 1, wherein the width of the main channel is at least n times its height to generate a slit laminar flow; n is more than or equal to 10.
3. The microfluidic chip for measuring the viscosity of a micro-scaled liquid sample according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the main channel is coated with a hydrophobic coating to minimize the viscosity measurement error due to the resistance.
4. The microfluidic chip for measuring the viscosity of a micro-upgraded liquid sample according to claim 1, wherein the width of the loading channel is smaller than that of the main channel, and the inner diameters of the sample loading inlet and the first pressure interface are smaller than that of the loading channel; the inner diameters of the communication ports and the pressure ports corresponding to the communication ports are smaller than the width of the main channel.
5. The microfluidic chip for measuring the viscosity of a micro-scaled liquid sample according to claim 1, wherein one end of the loading channel is spatially aligned with and in communication with one end of the main channel.
6. The microfluidic chip for measuring the viscosity of a micro-upgraded liquid sample according to claim 1, wherein the loading channel layer is provided with a first communication port, a second communication port and a third communication port along the main channel direction, and each communication port is respectively communicated with the main channel; a second pressure interface, a third pressure interface and a fourth pressure interface are respectively arranged at the positions, corresponding to each communication port, on the covering layer; each pressure interface is communicated with the corresponding communication port; the first communication port is arranged at one end, close to the loading channel, of the loading channel layer, and the second communication port and the third communication port are arranged at one end, far away from the loading channel, of the loading channel layer.
7. A system for measuring viscosity of a micro-scaled liquid sample, comprising: the microfluidic chip suitable for measuring the viscosity of a micro-upgraded liquid sample as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and a camera arranged outside the chip, wherein the camera is used for recording the flow process of the liquid sample flowing through the main channel so as to obtain the physical parameter of the viscosity of the liquid sample.
8. A method of operating a system for measuring viscosity of a micro-scaled liquid sample, comprising:
injecting a liquid sample to be tested into the loading channel from the sample loading inlet, and entering the main channel through the loading channel;
stopping injecting liquid when the front edge of the liquid sample to be detected reaches a set pressure interface, and sealing a sample loading inlet;
opening the first pressure interface and connecting the first pressure interface with an external pressure source; when the measurement is started, the external pressure source is pressurized, so that the liquid sample starts to flow forwards along the main channel;
meanwhile, the pressure change of the liquid sample in the flowing process is recorded through an external pressure sensor, the flowing process of the liquid sample flowing through the main channel is recorded through the camera, and then the physical parameters for calculating the viscosity of the liquid sample are obtained.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the kinematic viscosity of the liquid sample is defined as the ratio of shear force to shear rate; the shearing force is calculated according to the size of the main channel, the length of the liquid sample, the pressure difference before and after the liquid sample and the capillary pressure difference at the gas-liquid interface at the rear end of the liquid sample;
the shear rate is calculated from the size of the main channel and the volumetric flow rate of the liquid sample.
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