CN115416854B - Icing detection device and icing detection method based on temperature measurement - Google Patents
Icing detection device and icing detection method based on temperature measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN115416854B CN115416854B CN202211381850.1A CN202211381850A CN115416854B CN 115416854 B CN115416854 B CN 115416854B CN 202211381850 A CN202211381850 A CN 202211381850A CN 115416854 B CN115416854 B CN 115416854B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/20—Means for detecting icing or initiating de-icing
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of deicing prevention and provides an icing detection device and an icing detection method based on temperature measurement. Moreover, by adopting the detection device and the detection method, the cloud and mist parameters can be calculated while the icing thickness is detected: the water content LWC and the water drop median diameter MVD solve the technical problem of difficult cloud parameter detection. The detection device can be made into a universal part, and is equivalent to a novel icing sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deicing prevention, in particular to an icing detection device and an icing detection method based on temperature measurement.
Background
Icing is one of the main causes of aircraft flight accidents, and icing on the leading edges of the wings and the empennage of the aircraft can cause serious flight accidents due to increased wing profile resistance, reduced lift force, reduced critical attack angle and deteriorated maneuverability and stability, so that the aircraft is widely concerned and researched by people.
The existing airplane icing detection technology develops various measurement methods such as an optical method, a thermal method, an electrical method, a mechanical method, a waveguide method and the like, and some old icing detection methods such as a visual method, an eye-shielding method, an X-ray method and the like are basically eliminated at present due to the larger defects of the old icing detection methods; the differential pressure method and the electric conduction method are not widely applied because the differential pressure method and the electric conduction method are easily interfered by the outside, and the icing thickness information cannot be effectively given.
The most widely used products in the present foreign molded products are magnetostrictive icing detection systems of ROSEMOUNT company in America, flat-film icing sensors of VibroMeter company in Sweden, optical fiber icing sensors produced in British, and the like.
However, the existing icing sensors are designed for single-point ice measurement, and if the multi-point ice thickness needs to be measured, a solution scheme of installing a large number of icing sensors is needed, so that the scale and the cost of a detection system are rapidly increased, and the difficulty of arrangement and maintenance is brought along. Because the optical fiber sensor is relatively cheap and the system is easy to integrate, most of the current multi-point icing detection sensors adopt an optical fiber scheme. However, the integration and signal processing of large-scale optical fiber detectors require a large number of independent hardware sets for photoelectric conversion, electric signal amplification, multi-way switches and other back-end signal acquisition and processing, and with the analysis point as high as tens of orders of magnitude and hundreds of orders of magnitude, the system integration has no engineering significance.
Therefore, how to simplify the icing detection device to detect the accumulated ice in a large area and reduce the system scale and cost is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the application provides an icing detection device and an icing detection method based on temperature measurement, a temperature sensor array is adopted for temperature detection, and icing thickness and icing cloud and mist parameters are calculated based on detected temperature values.
The invention provides an icing detection method based on temperature measurement, which is characterized in that a temperature sensor array is arranged on an object surface to be detected, the position of each temperature sensor corresponds to an acquisition point, and the detection method comprises the following steps:
s10, collecting the temperature value of each collection point according to the time sequence, and obtaining the change trend of the temperature on each collection point along with the time;
s20, obtaining the change trend of the temperature at each acquisition point along with time according to the temperature value of each acquisition point; comparing the temperature change trend of each acquisition point, and determining the acquisition point corresponding to the maximum temperature rise value as a standing point position;
s30, selecting temperature values T collected by at least two temperature sensors near the stagnation position, substituting the temperature values T into the following formula to calculate the icing thickness H of the stagnation position:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the heat flow of the ice surface at the initial stage of icing,
mass of impinging water per unit area, n is a local freezing coefficient,
is the density of the ice, and is,
LWC is the liquid water content for water droplet collection efficiency,C w is the specific heat of the water, and the specific heat of the water,
is the incoming flow velocity.
Further, the heat flow of the ice surface at the initial stage of the freezing
Calculating by numerical simulation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the energy put into it for impacting a droplet,
in order to evaporate the energy, the evaporator is provided with a heat exchanger,
in order to freeze the latent heat of phase change,
for the convection heat exchange in the water film, T w the temperature of the liquid drops on the wall surface after impact,
in order to obtain the temperature of the incoming flow,V w is the speed of the liquid drops and is,L ｆ is the latent heat of solidification in the liquid state,ｈ m in order to be the mass transfer coefficient,ｈis a convective heat transfer coefficient, C s And
respectively the mass concentration of the water vapor near the water surface and the water vapor of the incoming airThe mass concentration of (a) to (b),L e is the latent heat of evaporation per unit mass, t s And t 1 Respectively the wall temperature and the ambient temperature outside the boundary layer.
Further, in step S30, the liquid water content LWC is calculated at the same time, and the median diameter MVD of the water drop is calculated according to the following relation:
(ii) a Wherein f is the temperature of the object surface to be measured obtained in the process of simulating the flow field of air and water drops by adopting an Euler-Euler method at 0 ℃,
，
and with
In which the water droplet collection coefficient at the stagnation point
The number of the carbon atoms is 1,
collected by a wind speed sensor.
Further, in step S30, a local freezing coefficient n is calculated at the same time; when n is more than or equal to 0.95, selecting the position with the minimum temperature change value closest to the stagnation point as the impact limit; and when n is less than 0.95, selecting the position with the minimum temperature change value closest to the stagnation point as the impact limit in the preset time at the initial stage of icing.
Further, in step S30, the liquid water content LWC is calculated at the same time; determining the water drop collection coefficient of the position to be measured according to the variation relation of the water drop collection coefficient between the stagnation point and the impact limit
And will be
And substituting the LWC into the following relational expression to calculate the median diameter MVD of the water drop at the position to be measured:
(ii) a Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,ｆwhen the temperature of an object surface to be measured obtained in the process of simulating the flow field of air and water drops by adopting an Euler-Euler method is 0 ℃,
，
and
the functional relationship of (a) to (b),
collected by a wind speed sensor.
And further, calculating the time difference of the steep temperature rise and steep temperature fall positions of the acquisition point near the stagnation point on a time scale, taking the time difference as the icing time length, and calculating the maximum icing thickness according to the time length.
The invention provides an icing detection device based on temperature measurement, which is used for executing the icing detection method based on temperature measurement and comprises a temperature sensor array, a temperature acquisition module and a calculation module;
the temperature sensor array is arranged on the surface of an object to be measured or arranged around the circumference of the cylinder;
the acquisition module executes step S10;
the calculation module performs steps S20-S30.
Further, when the temperature sensor array is arranged, the distance between the temperature sensor array and the temperature sensor array needs to satisfy the following requirements: there is no thermal contact between the temperature sensors.
Compared with the prior art, the icing detection device and the icing detection method based on temperature measurement at least have the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the icing detection device and method, the conventional icing sensor is replaced by combining the temperature sensor array with proper theoretical calculation, so that the size of the detection device can be reduced to a certain extent, the system cost is reduced, the monitoring area is increased, and the system reliability is improved;
(2) According to the freezing detection device and method, the cloud and mist parameters can be obtained while the freezing thickness is calculated, and the complexity of independently erecting a cloud and mist parameter detection system is reduced;
(3) The utility model provides a detection device freezes can make a general piece, is equivalent to an integrated detector that freezes, a neotype detector that freezes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting icing based on temperature measurement according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of temperature sensors in embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an icing detection device based on temperature measurement according to embodiment 2 of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an icing detection device based on temperature measurement according to embodiment 3 of the present application.
In the figure, 10-wing, 20-temperature sensor array, 30-cylinder.
Detailed Description
The following description provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. The particular examples set forth below are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1
A freezing detection method based on temperature measurement does not need to be provided with a plurality of freezing sensors, only needs to be provided with the temperature sensors, the temperature sensors can select thermocouples with small volume and small heat capacity, the whole volume is much smaller than that of the freezing sensors, and the system scale and the cost are reduced more favorably.
As shown in fig. 1, a temperature sensor array is arranged on a surface of an object to be detected, as shown in fig. 2, a temperature sensor array 20 is arranged on a surface of a wing 10, and a position of each temperature sensor corresponds to an acquisition point, where the number of temperature sensors in the temperature sensor array is not specifically limited, and the detection method includes the following steps:
s10, collecting the temperature value of each collection point according to the time sequence;
s20, obtaining the change trend of the temperature at each acquisition point along with time according to the temperature value of each acquisition point; comparing the temperature change trend of each acquisition point, and determining the acquisition point corresponding to the maximum temperature rise value as a stationary point position;
s30, selecting temperature values T collected by at least two temperature sensors near the stagnation position, substituting the temperature values T into the following formula to calculate the icing thickness H of the stagnation position:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
for the heat flow of the ice surface at the initial stage of icing,
mass of impinging water per unit area, n is a local freezing coefficient,
is the density of the ice, and is,
LWC is the liquid water content for water droplet collection efficiency,C w is the specific heat of the water, and the specific heat of the water,
is the incoming flow velocity.
Wherein, an Euler-Euler method is adopted to simulate the flow field of air and water drops, and the heat flow of the ice surface at the initial stage of icing is calculated through numerical simulation
：
Transfer of heat from the water film to the ice layer
And the heat transfer from the ice layer to the surface of the structure is 0, the convection heat transfer in the thin water film on the surface of the ice layer is neglected, and the temperature on the freezing interface is assumed to be 0 ℃.
Heat flow from ice surface at initial stage of icing
Can be approximated as:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the energy put into it for impacting a droplet,
in order to evaporate the energy, the evaporator is provided with a heat exchanger,
in order to freeze the latent heat of phase change,
convection heat exchange is carried out inside the water film;
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
is the mass of ice formed per unit area,T w the wall temperature after the impact of the droplets was set to 0C,
in order to achieve the temperature of the incoming flow,V w is the droplet velocity, equal to the incoming flow velocity
，L ｆ Is the latent heat of solidification in the liquid state,ｈ m in order to be the mass transfer coefficient,ｈto convective heat transfer coefficient, C s And
respectively the mass concentration of the water vapor near the water surface and the mass concentration of the water vapor of the incoming air,L e is the latent heat of evaporation per unit mass, t s And t 1 Respectively the wall temperature and the ambient temperature outside the boundary layer. It is worth mentioning that the heat transfer and mass transfer during the evaporation process on the water surface are similar, and the temperature distribution and the concentration distribution are mutually connected, so that the heat transfer coefficient can be realized through convectionｈObtaining the mass transfer coefficientｈ m 。
Wherein the heat convection coefficienthCan pass through and flow velocity
And the temperature of incoming flow
Is calculated from the function of (a). Namely, an Euler-Euler method is adopted to simulate the flow field of air and water drops to obtain different incoming flow velocities
And the temperature of the incoming flow
Lower convective heat transfer coefficienthThen in the subsequent calculation, according to the incoming flow speed
And the temperature of incoming flow
Determination of heat transfer coefficient of flowh。
Substituting formulas (5) - (8) into formula (4), substituting (4) into (1), substituting (3) into (2), substituting at least two temperature values into formula (1), and simultaneously establishing formulas (1) and (2), the liquid water content LWC, the icing thickness H and the local freezing coefficient n of three unknown parameters can be calculated.
Wherein, the icing thickness H is the icing thickness at the stagnation point. In addition, cloud and mist parameter values can be obtained through calculation. As known by persons skilled in the art, cloud and mist parameter values are not easy to obtain directly, and the method can be used for directly obtaining the liquid water content LWC on the basis of calculating the icing thickness, and is convenient and fast. And preferably, another cloud parameter value MVD can be further calculated by adopting the following method.
Firstly, simulating air and water drop flow field by using Euler-Euler method to obtain the wall surface temperature of the specific shape structure of the object surface to be measured, which is 0 ℃, different MVDs, different LWCs and different incoming flow speeds
Lower water droplet collection rate
To obtain
And the velocity of incoming flow
The relationship between MVD and LWC;
secondly, on the basis of the LWC calculated in the previous step, the incoming flow speed
Measured with a wind speed sensor and stationary
And =1, substituting the parameters into the above relationship, so as to directly obtain a corresponding MVD value, that is, the water droplet median diameter MVD in the cloud and mist parameters is obtained.
The MVD values for non-stationary points can also be obtained by the following method: firstly, determining an impact limit according to a local freezing coefficient n, and then determining a position between a stagnation point and the impact limit
Determination of change relationship
Value is further based on
The MVD value is obtained. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
when n is more than or equal to 0.95, selecting the position with the minimum temperature change value nearest to the stagnation point as an impact limit; when n < 0.95, the minimum temperature change position closest to the stagnation point is selected as the impact limit within a predetermined time (for example, 10 s) in the initial stage of icing.
At a stagnation point
=1, impact limit position
=0, from a stagnation position to an impact limit position
The value is exponentially reduced, and the position relation between the position of the point to be measured and the stagnation point and the impact limit can be obtained
Value of will
Value, calculated LWC value substitution
And obtaining the MVD value of the point to be measured.
Preferably, the maximum icing thickness can also be calculated from the temperature profile at the stagnation point:
and calculating the time difference of the steep temperature rise and steep temperature fall positions of the acquisition points near the stagnation point on the time scale, taking the time difference as the icing time length, and calculating the maximum icing thickness according to the time length. The time point of the steep temperature rise is the time point of starting icing, the time point of the steep temperature drop is the point of ending icing, the time difference between the time point of starting icing and the time point of ending icing is icing time length, the icing speed and the icing time length are obtained through calculation based on the formula (2), the maximum icing thickness at the stagnation point can be obtained, and the maximum icing thickness of the object surface to be measured can also be obtained.
Thus, in this embodiment 1, the icing thickness and the maximum icing thickness can be calculated based on the temperature values acquired by the temperature sensor array, and the cloud and mist parameters which are not easily obtained by the conventional method are also calculated: LWC and MVD; impact limit positions can also be obtained.
The method is very suitable for detecting the icing of the aircraft, mainly because the change of the flight attitude of the aircraft can cause the change of the location of the stagnation point in the flight process, the method does not need to calculate the location of the stagnation point in advance, but searches the location of the stagnation point again in the icing calculation process for calculation. Therefore, the temperature sensor array can be randomly arranged when arranged, the conventional stagnation position does not need to be considered, and the sensor is more convenient to mount. And only the temperature sensor is installed, and more integrated modules are not provided, so that the volume is small, and the cost is low.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an icing detecting device based on temperature measurement, which is used for executing the icing detecting method based on temperature measurement as described in embodiment 1, and as shown in fig. 3, the icing detecting device comprises a temperature sensor array, a temperature acquisition module and a calculation module;
the temperature sensor array is arranged on the surface of an object to be measured, as shown in figure 2; thermocouples with small volume and small heat capacity are preferred as temperature sensors. There is no thermal contact between the temperature sensors, i.e. the distance between the temperature sensors in the array of temperature sensors is such that there is no thermal contact between them. Preferably, the surface of the sensor is covered with a weather-resistant film, and a heat insulating layer is arranged between the surface of the object to be measured and the sensor.
The acquisition module executes step S10, that is, acquires each acquisition point (i.e., temperature value of each temperature sensor) according to a time sequence;
the calculation module executes steps S20 to S30, that is, processes the acquired temperature values, determines a stagnation point position, and substitutes a calculation formula to calculate the icing thickness at the stagnation point position and the cloud and mist parameters based on at least two temperature values near the stagnation point position.
Example 3
Embodiment 3 also provides an icing detection device based on temperature measurement for executing an icing detection method based on temperature measurement as described in embodiment 1. The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 2 is that in the embodiment 2, the temperature sensor is arranged on the object surface to be measured to measure the icing condition of the object surface to be measured, and in the embodiment, the temperature sensor is arranged on the periphery of the cylinder 30 to be made into an independent icing detection device, and the icing detection device is installed near the object surface to be measured to be used, which is equivalent to an icing detector.
Specifically, the icing detection device comprises a temperature sensor array, a temperature acquisition module and a calculation module;
the temperature sensor array is arranged on the periphery of the cylinder 30, as shown in fig. 4; because the freezing detection method can self-adaptively find the stagnation position according to the detected temperature value, the temperature sensor does not need to consider the position to arrange when the periphery of the cylinder is arranged, and the arrangement can be carried out at will. Preferably, the temperature sensor array is arranged at least one circle on the periphery of the cylinder, so that the temperature sensor array can be freely arranged on the surface of the object to be measured when the device is used, and the inflow direction is not required to be considered. Compared with the existing icing detection device, the icing detection device has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, long service life and good performance stability.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, but rather, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An icing detection method based on temperature measurement is characterized in that a temperature sensor array is arranged on an object surface to be detected, the position of each temperature sensor corresponds to an acquisition point, and the detection method comprises the following steps:
s10, collecting the temperature value of each collection point according to the time sequence, and obtaining the change trend of the temperature on each collection point along with the time;
s20, obtaining the change trend of the temperature at each acquisition point along with the time according to the temperature value of each acquisition point; comparing the temperature change trend of each acquisition point, and determining the acquisition point corresponding to the maximum temperature rise value as a stationary point position;
s30, selecting temperature values T collected by at least two temperature sensors near the stagnation position, substituting the temperature values T into the following formula to calculate the icing thickness H of the stagnation position:
heat flow of ice surface at initial stage of icing
Calculating by numerical simulation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the energy put into it for impacting the drop,
in order to evaporate the energy, the evaporator is provided with a heat exchanger,
in order to freeze the latent heat of phase change,
for the convection heat exchange in the water film,T w the temperature of the liquid drops on the wall surface after impact,
in order to achieve the temperature of the incoming flow,V w in order to be the velocity of the liquid droplets,L ｆ is the latent heat of solidification in the liquid state,ｈ m in order to be the mass transfer coefficient,ｈto convective heat transfer coefficient, C s And
respectively the mass concentration of the water vapor near the water surface and the mass concentration of the water vapor of the incoming air,L e is the latent heat of evaporation per unit mass, t s And t 1 Respectively the wall temperature and the ambient temperature outside the boundary layer.
2. The icing detection method based on temperature measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S30, the liquid water content LWC is calculated at the same time, and the water drop median diameter MVD is calculated according to the following relation:
(ii) a Wherein f is the temperature of the object surface to be measured obtained in the process of simulating the flow field of air and water drops by adopting an Euler-Euler method at 0 ℃,
and
in which the water droplet collection coefficient at the stagnation point
The number of the carbon atoms is 1,
collected by a wind speed sensor.
3. The icing detection method based on temperature measurement according to the claim 1, characterized in that in step S30, the local freezing coefficient n is calculated simultaneously; when n is more than or equal to 0.95, selecting the position with the minimum temperature change value closest to the stagnation point as the impact limit; and when n is less than 0.95, selecting the position with the minimum temperature change value closest to the stagnation point as the impact limit in the preset time at the initial stage of icing.
4. The icing detection method based on temperature measurement according to claim 2, characterized in that in step S30, the liquid water content LWC is calculated; determining the water drop collection coefficient of the position to be measured according to the change relation of the water drop collection coefficient between the stagnation point and the impact limit
And will be
Substituting LWC into the following relational expression to calculate the median diameter MVD of the water drop at the position to be measured:
(ii) a Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,ｆwhen the temperature of an object surface to be measured obtained in the process of simulating the flow field of air and water drops by adopting an Euler-Euler method is 0 ℃,
and
the functional relationship of (a) to (b),
collected by a wind speed sensor.
5. The icing detection method based on temperature measurement is characterized in that the time difference of the positions of the steep temperature rise and the steep temperature fall of the acquisition point near the stagnation point on the time scale is calculated and used as the icing time length, and the maximum icing thickness is calculated according to the icing time length.
6. An icing detection device based on temperature measurement, which is used for executing the icing detection method based on temperature measurement according to any one of claims 1-5, and comprises a temperature sensor array, a temperature acquisition module and a calculation module;
the temperature sensor array is arranged on the surface of an object to be measured or arranged around the circumference of the cylinder;
the acquisition module executes step S10;
the calculation module performs steps S20-S30.
7. The icing detection device based on temperature measurement as claimed in claim 6, wherein the distance of the temperature sensor array is required to be as follows: there is no thermal contact between the temperature sensors.
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