CN115416329A - Additive manufacturing method of continuous fiber composite structure containing holes - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing method of continuous fiber composite structure containing holes Download PDFInfo
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- CN115416329A CN115416329A CN202210975638.1A CN202210975638A CN115416329A CN 115416329 A CN115416329 A CN 115416329A CN 202210975638 A CN202210975638 A CN 202210975638A CN 115416329 A CN115416329 A CN 115416329A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to an additive manufacturing method of a continuous fiber composite structure containing pores, comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining stress data of a hole-containing structural part, the shape and the size of a hole and the width of a single-channel cladding layer of a raw material adopted by the hole-containing structural part, determining a point with the most serious stress concentration in an edge area of the hole based on the stress data, planning a printing path of the edge area of the hole according to the principle that a point of an inlet hole and a point of an outlet hole are symmetrical about the point with the most serious stress concentration and an included angle corresponding to an arc corresponding to the printing path between the point of the inlet hole and the point of the outlet hole is larger than 180 degrees, and performing 3D printing according to the printing path.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an additive manufacturing method of a porous continuous fiber composite structure.
Background
The composite material is combined with metal, high polymer and ceramic to form four major materials. At present, the industrial production level of composite materials in a country or a region becomes one of the marks for measuring the scientific and economic strength of the composite materials. Advanced composite materials are resources that have a competitive advantage in national security and national economy.
The advanced composite material is a composite material which can be used for processing a main load-bearing structure and a secondary load-bearing structure and has the rigidity and the strength equivalent to or higher than those of aluminum alloy. At present, advanced composite materials mainly refer to reinforced composite materials such as boron fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers and the like with high strength and high modulus. The advanced composite material has the advantages of light weight, higher specific strength and specific modulus, excellent corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, heat insulation, sound insulation, shock absorption, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, unique ablation resistance, electromagnetic wave transmission, wave absorption concealment, programmable material performance, flexible preparation, easy processing and the like, has wide application prospect in military such as aerospace and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of satellites, airplanes, ships and the like at present.
However, the existing advanced composite material structure connection mainly adopts screw connection or riveting after hole making on the composite material, and the connection mode causes damages such as continuous fiber fracture, delamination and the like easily caused in the hole making process of the composite material, reduces the mechanical property of the structure, and particularly causes the conditions such as interlayer crack, deformation, fracture and the like due to the stress concentration effect after hole making.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides an additive manufacturing method for a continuous fiber composite structure containing holes, so as to solve the technical problems that in the conventional advanced composite material, in order to realize connection, holes are often formed and then are screwed or riveted, damages such as continuous fiber fracture, delamination and the like are easily caused in the hole forming process, the mechanical properties of the structure are reduced, especially, the stress concentration effect is more serious after hole forming, and even interlayer cracks, deformation, fracture and the like are caused.
The application provides an additive manufacturing method of a continuous fiber composite structure containing holes, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring stress data and hole shape and size of a hole-containing structural part and width of a single-pass cladding layer of raw materials adopted by the hole-containing structural part;
determining a location of a hole having a most severe stress concentration in an edge region based on the stress data;
according to the most serious stress concentration site, the hole shape and size and the online melting single-channel width, the printing path of the edge area of the hole is planned according to the principle that the hole inlet point and the hole outlet point are symmetrical about the diameter of the most serious stress concentration site, and the included angle corresponding to the arc of the printing path between the hole inlet point and the hole outlet point is larger than 180 degrees, and the printing path of the area outside the edge area of the hole is planned according to the principle that the area path outside the edge area of the hole is perpendicular to the diameter of the most serious stress concentration site;
and 3D printing is carried out according to the printing path.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, stress data is obtained for a structural article having a hole using a finite element analysis method.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, determining a location of a hole where stress concentration is most severe in an edge region based on the stress data includes:
comparing the stress data of each site in the edge area of the hole based on the stress data to obtain a comparison result;
and confirming the position corresponding to the maximum stress value based on the comparison result.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the additive manufacturing method further comprises: and carrying out online fused deposition printing on the resin wires and the pre-soaked continuous fibers.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the resin master batch includes, but is not limited to, one or more of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK).
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the continuous fiber includes one or more of a continuous glass fiber, a continuous basalt fiber, a continuous carbon fiber, and a continuous aramid fiber.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a volume ratio of the resin masterbatch to the continuous fiber is: 70% -99%:30% -1%, preferably 70% -90%:30 to 10 percent.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the method further includes, after printing: and carrying out flattening treatment.
As described above, the additive manufacturing method of the porous continuous fiber composite structure of the present application has the following beneficial effects: according to the method, the printing path of the edge area of the hole is planned through printing path planning, particularly the diameter of the inlet hole point and the outlet hole point is symmetrical about the position point with the most serious over stress concentration, and the included angle corresponding to the arc corresponding to the printing path between the inlet hole point and the outlet hole point is larger than 180 degrees, so that the stress of the position point with the most serious stress concentration is dispersed to the continuous fibers around the position point, the material strength of the edge area of the hole is obviously improved, and the problems of cracking, breaking and the like of a structure containing the hole due to stress concentration are effectively avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow diagram of a method of additive manufacturing of a continuous fiber composite structure containing pores shown in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating step S120 in an exemplary embodiment of the present application in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a print path of an edge region of a hole in an embodiment of the present application, where A and D are in-hole points and B and C are out-hole points;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a print path in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a continuous fiber composite structural article containing apertures made according to an embodiment of the present application;
figure 6 is a schematic illustration of the structure and distribution of loads applied to a continuous fiber composite structural member containing pores made according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, wherein the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are illustrative of the invention only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the present invention, however, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details, and in other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, to avoid obscuring embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method of additive manufacturing of a continuous fiber composite structure containing pores in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The additive manufacturing method is used for preparing a continuous fiber reinforced composite material hole-containing structural part, and solves the technical problems that continuous fibers are easy to break, delaminate and the like in the traditional composite material hole making method for realizing screw connection or riveting, the mechanical property of the structure is reduced, particularly the stress concentration effect is more serious after hole making, and even interlayer cracks, deformation, fracture and the like are caused.
Referring to fig. 1, in an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a method for additive manufacturing of a continuous fiber composite structure with holes includes steps S110, S120, S130, and S140, which are described in detail as follows:
s110, acquiring stress data and hole shape and size of a hole-containing structural part and width of a single-channel cladding layer of raw materials adopted by the hole-containing structural part;
specifically, a finite element analysis method (for example, a finite element analysis software ABAQUS) may be used to analyze the stress applied to the porous structural part during operation, so as to obtain stress data of the porous structural part.
The hole shape size contains both the shape of the hole and the size information of the hole. The hole shape and size can be obtained by a measuring tool or an actual drawing.
The width of the single-pass cladding layer can be determined according to the diameter of the extrusion head, the type of the resin wire and the type of the fiber, and specifically, the width of the single-pass cladding layer can be determined by looking up empirical data according to the diameter of the extrusion head, the type of the resin wire and the type of the fiber.
S120, determining the most serious stress concentration point of the edge area of the hole based on the stress data;
s130, according to the most serious stress concentration site, the shape and the size of the hole and the width of an online melting single channel, according to the principle that the hole inlet point and the hole outlet point are symmetrical about the diameter of the most serious stress concentration site, and the included angle corresponding to the arc of the printing path between the hole inlet point and the hole outlet point is larger than 180 degrees, the printing path of the edge area of the hole is planned, and according to the principle that the area path outside the edge area of the hole is perpendicular to the diameter of the most serious stress concentration site, the printing path of the area outside the edge area of the hole is planned;
specifically, the diameter symmetry of the inlet hole point and the outlet hole point with respect to the point with the most severe concentration of the over-stress means that the diameter of the inlet hole point and the outlet hole point with the most severe concentration of the over-stress is taken as a symmetry axis, and the diameter of the point with the most severe concentration of the over-stress means a straight line formed by the center of the through hole and the point with the most severe concentration of the stress;
and S140, 3D printing is carried out according to the printing path, and then leveling treatment is carried out.
Specifically, during 3D printing, the resin wire is heated and melted and then is subjected to online deposition and compounding with the presoaked continuous fibers through an extrusion head, and finally, a product is printed. And (3) flattening the profile of the intermediate product obtained after printing in a mode of melting deposition and/or mechanical grinding and polishing of the resin wire to improve the surface appearance of the obtained final product.
It should be noted that the resin wire includes, but is not limited to, one or more of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The continuous fiber includes, but is not limited to, one or more of continuous glass, continuous basalt fiber, continuous carbon fiber and continuous aramid fiber. The volume ratio of the resin master batch to the continuous fiber (pre-infiltration) is as follows: 70% -99%:30 to 1 percent.
In the related art, the traditional composite material is used for drilling holes for realizing riveting or screwing, so that the continuity of fibers is damaged, and the conditions of cracks, deformation, fracture and the like are easy to occur due to stress concentration in use. After the inventor analyzes the prior art, a specific printing path is set, namely, a point with the most serious stress concentration in the edge area of a hole is confirmed and determined through stress data of a workpiece with a hole structure, and then when the printing path is planned, an included angle corresponding to an arc corresponding to the printing path between a hole inlet point and a hole outlet point is larger than 180 degrees, a chord formed by the hole inlet point and the hole outlet point is perpendicular to the diameter of the point with the most serious over-stress concentration, so that the stress of the point with the most serious stress concentration is dispersed to continuous fibers around the point, the material strength of the edge area of the hole is obviously improved, and the problems of cracking, fracture and the like of the hole structure caused by stress concentration are effectively avoided.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating step S120 in an exemplary embodiment of the present application in the embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 2, in an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the process of determining the most severe stress concentration point in the edge region of the hole based on the stress data includes steps S210 and S220, which are described in detail as follows:
s210, comparing stress data of each site in the edge area of the hole based on the stress data to obtain a comparison result;
and S220, confirming a position point corresponding to the maximum stress value based on the comparison result.
The point corresponding to the maximum stress is the point with the most severe stress concentration.
Specifically, in one embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a hole-containing structural member having a circular hole with a length of 200mm, a width of 30mm, a thickness of 5mm and a mesopore diameter of 5mm was prepared. The included angle corresponding to the arc corresponding to the printing path between the hole entry point a and the hole exit point D is greater than 180 degrees (the printing path of the edge area of the hole), specifically 220 degrees in this embodiment, and the printing path is set as: printing raw materials travel in a direction parallel to the horizontal direction when the upper side area does not enter the hole edge, enter from the point A when entering the hole edge, rotate 220 degrees along the anticlockwise direction (arc ACDB), and then leave the hole from the symmetrical point B (hole outlet point) of the point A. The lower end enters the hole from a point D (an inlet hole point), and after rotating for 220 degrees along a clockwise direction (an arc DBAC), the lower end leaves the hole from a symmetrical point C (an outlet hole point) of the point D. The lower, non-entry hole edge region also runs in the horizontal direction.
Subsequently, inputting the printing path into computer-aided 3D printing software to generate a printing instruction, and printing the printing instruction according to a volume ratio of 90%: and (3) performing online fused deposition and printing on 10% (volume ratio of the resin wire to the soaked continuous fiber), and then performing surface and contour flattening treatment on the intermediate product obtained by printing by using sand paper to obtain a final product part with a pore structure.
The three-dimensional structure of the product with a porous structure prepared by the embodiment is shown in fig. 5, and the schematic diagram of the structure of the product with a porous structure and the distribution of the load applied to the product with a porous structure is shown in fig. 6.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the stress applied to the structure member including the hole in the vertical direction (width direction) is the most concentrated, and is the most severe region.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method of additive manufacturing of a continuous fiber composite structure containing pores, comprising:
acquiring stress data and hole shape and size of a hole-containing structural part and width of a single-pass cladding layer of raw materials adopted by the hole-containing structural part;
determining a location of a hole having a most severe stress concentration in an edge region based on the stress data;
according to the most serious stress concentration site, the hole shape and size and the online melting single-channel width, the printing path of the edge area of the hole is planned according to the principle that the hole inlet point and the hole outlet point are symmetrical about the diameter of the most serious stress concentration site, and the included angle corresponding to the arc of the printing path between the hole inlet point and the hole outlet point is larger than 180 degrees, and the printing path of the area outside the edge area of the hole is planned according to the principle that the area path outside the edge area of the hole is perpendicular to the diameter of the most serious stress concentration site;
and 3D printing is carried out according to the printing path.
2. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the stress data of the hole-containing structural article is obtained using a finite element analysis method.
3. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1 wherein determining a location of a hole having a most severe stress concentration at an edge region based on the stress data comprises:
comparing the stress data of each site in the edge area of the hole based on the stress data to obtain a comparison result;
and confirming the position corresponding to the maximum stress value based on the comparison result.
4. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1, further comprising: and carrying out online fused deposition printing on the resin wire and the pre-infiltrated continuous fiber.
5. The additive manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein the pore-containing structural article comprises a resin wire comprising one or more of polypropylene, polystyrene, polyoxymethylene, polyamide, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyetheretherketone.
6. The additive manufacturing method of claim 4, wherein the continuous fibers comprise one or more of continuous glass fibers, continuous basalt fibers, continuous carbon fibers, and continuous aramid fibers.
7. The additive manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein a volume ratio of the resin wire to the continuous fiber is: 70% -99%:30-1 percent.
8. The additive manufacturing method of claim 4, further comprising, after printing: and carrying out flattening treatment.
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