CN115404417B - High-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115404417B
CN115404417B CN202110591031.9A CN202110591031A CN115404417B CN 115404417 B CN115404417 B CN 115404417B CN 202110591031 A CN202110591031 A CN 202110591031A CN 115404417 B CN115404417 B CN 115404417B
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CN115404417A (en
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吴佩林
丁毅
孙强
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Baowu Special Metallurgy Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of heat-resistant steel manufacturing processes, and particularly discloses high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.06 to 0.20 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Mn, and S: less than or equal to 0.020 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, cr: 15.00-16.50%, ni 2.00-2.50%, mo 0.90-1.30%, V:0.10 to 0.20 percent of N:0.03 to 0.10 percent and the balance of Fe. According to the method, raw materials are proportioned according to the components of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel, and the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel is prepared by vacuum induction smelting, electroslag remelting, hot working forging, hot working rolling and stress relief annealing in sequence, so that the stable production of the martensitic heat-resistant steel can be ensured, and the mechanical properties of the martensitic heat-resistant steel can meet the design requirements of steel for engine bearing parts.

Description

High-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat-resistant steel manufacturing processes, in particular to high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Centrifugal load, vibration load, foreign object impact, environmental erosion, unstable thermal stress and the like which are required to be born by the engine bearing part in the service process, and the working environment is severe. The engine bearing parts are mainly made of Russian's special Pi 479 alloy, and the performance of the engine bearing parts produced in China cannot meet the design requirement. Researchers perform trial production of the material according to the relevant Russian standard, but in the trial production process, the room temperature performance of the material tempered at 550-590 ℃ meets the design requirement, and the room temperature tensile property, the room temperature impact toughness and the room temperature mechanical property after long-term high-temperature service can not meet the design requirement except the room temperature fatigue property after tempering at 640-660 ℃.
In view of the above, there is a need to develop a martensitic heat-resistant steel for an engine bearing member with excellent performance, and a reasonable preparation method is sought, so that not only can the stable production of the martensitic heat-resistant steel be ensured, but also the mechanical properties of the martensitic heat-resistant steel can meet the design requirements of the engine bearing member.
The common martensitic heat-resistant stainless steel is subjected to aging treatment to separate out a copper-rich phase and a secondary hardening phase, so that the mechanical properties of the material are improved. However, the problem of decoppering is a worldwide problem, and at present, no decoppering method which can be widely used for production exists. The invention eliminates the design thought of copper-rich phase aging strengthening, and separates out M which is not easy to grow up by increasing the content of carbon element and molybdenum element in steel 2 C-type carbide, inhibit M 23 C 6 The formation and growth of carbide can reduce the consumption of copper element in steel, further improve the plasticity and toughness of the material and meet the design requirement of the bearing part of the engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel is prepared by designing alloy components, improving the content of carbon elements and molybdenum elements in the steel, adopting vacuum induction smelting, electroslag remelting, hot working forging, hot working rolling and stress relief annealing, so that the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel not only meets the mechanical properties required by design, but also can realize stable production, and meets the actual demands of the current domestic engine bearing on the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the invention provides a high-strength ferritic stainless steel comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.06 to 0.20 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Mn, and S: less than or equal to 0.020 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, cr: 15.00-16.50%, ni 2.00-2.50%, mo 0.90-1.30%, V:0.10 to 0.20 percent of N:0.03 to 0.10 percent and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the high-strength ferritic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.12 to 0.18 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Si, 0.45 to 0.58 percent of Mn, S: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.020 percent, cr:15.10 to 15.80 percent of Ni, 2.20 to 2.50 percent of Mo, 1.10 to 1.30 percent of V:0.10 to 0.20 percent of N:0.03 to 0.10 percent and the balance of Fe.
The invention represented by free-cutting steel is often focused on the action of one element on materials, the coordination and coordination among the elements are emphasized, and the preferred components are obtained through the summary of multiple rounds of production data.
Preferably, the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel needs to meet the following two performance indexes simultaneously under different heat treatment conditions:
(1) After tempering/aging at 550-590 ℃, the yield strength is more than or equal to 930MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1130MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 12%, the area shrinkage is more than or equal to 58%, the impact absorption energy of a U-shaped notch is more than or equal to 55J, and the hardness is 302-375 HB.
(2) After tempering/aging at 640-680 ℃, the yield strength is more than or equal to 735MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 930MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 14%, the area shrinkage is more than or equal to 55%, the impact absorption energy of a U-shaped notch is more than or equal to 55J, and the hardness is 277-341 HB.
According to a second aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel is provided, raw materials are proportioned according to the components of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel according to the first aspect of the invention, and then the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel is prepared by vacuum induction smelting, electroslag remelting, hot working forging, hot working rolling and stress-relief annealing in sequence.
S1, vacuum induction smelting and die casting are carried out, the raw materials are smelted into molten steel by a vacuum induction furnace, each component in the molten steel is regulated to a target value, then temperature control is carried out, and tapping is carried out, wherein the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1540 ℃;
s2, electroslag remelting and stress relief annealing are carried out by adopting CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3 Electroslag remelting is carried out on the slag system, and then stress relief annealing is carried out at 730-830 ℃;
s3, finishing, forging, stress relief annealing, namely performing high-temperature homogenization treatment at 1120-1200 ℃ after finishing the cast ingot, and forging and processing the cast ingot into a forging piece at the temperature of less than or equal to 1100 ℃; then carrying out stress relief annealing at 630-700 ℃;
s4, hot rolling and stress relief annealing, namely heating the forging to 1120-1200 ℃ and then rolling to obtain a rolled piece, and controlling the final rolling temperature to 900-1200 ℃; the rolled piece is subjected to stress relief annealing at 630-700 ℃ to obtain the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel.
Preferably, in the step S1, during tapping, the components in the molten steel are controlled to be in the following ranges in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.03 weight percent of C, less than or equal to 0.40 weight percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.50 weight percent of Mn, cr:19.00 to 21.00 weight percent, ni:17.00 to 19.00 weight percent, mo:5.50 to 7.50 weight percent, cu:0.50 to 1.00 weight percent and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, in the step S1, the vacuum degree is lower than 7.0X10 in the whole smelting process -2 mbar。
Preferably, in the step S1, stirring is performed 2-4 times before casting, and the stirring power is controlled to be periodically changed between 0KW and 250 KW.
Preferably, in the step S2, caF 2 -Al 2 O 3 CaF in slag system 2 The content of the slag is 60-75%, and the slag amount is more than or equal to 35Kg.
Preferably, in the step S2, the stress relief annealing and heat preservation time is 10 to 18 hours.
Preferably, in the step S3, the heat preservation time is not less than 1 hour in the high-temperature homogenization process. In general, the longer the heat-retaining time of the high-temperature homogenizing treatment is, the better the condition that the oxidation burning loss and the cost are not considered.
Preferably, in the step S3, in the forging process, forging is performed with more than 2 times, the final forging temperature is 800-1100 ℃, and the deformation of the last fire is more than or equal to 20%. Since the forging temperature is less than 1100 ℃, the temperature only decreases during forging, so the final rolling temperature of the forging is lower than the heating temperature (1100).
Preferably, in the step S3, the stress relief annealing and heat preservation time is 20 to 30 hours.
Preferably, in the step S4, the heating time is not less than 2 hours.
Preferably, in the step S4, the rolling is performed with 2-pass rolling.
Preferably, in the step S4, the stress relief annealing and heat preservation time is 20 to 30 hours.
The range of heat treatment process parameters in the present invention is selected based on the weight, size (thickness) of the material. The forging process parameters are obtained through theoretical calculation and experimental verification.
The component design principle of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel is as follows:
c: carbon is a common element in steel, the mechanical property of the material can be effectively improved through solid solution strengthening or carbide formation, but the excessive carbon element content can reduce M in the steel 6 The content of C-type carbide can raise M in steel 23 C 6 The content of the type carbide is reduced, so that the content of chromium element in solid solution in the matrix is reduced, and the toughness proportion and the corrosion resistance of the material are affected; in addition, the carbon element can also improve the content of the carbon element in the steel, so that the austenite content is improved and the ferrite content is reduced under the room temperature condition, however, the influence degree is relatively small; in summary, the carbon content in the steel is not higher than 0.20%.
Si: the silicon element is a common alloy element in the ore raw material, silicon is easy to combine with oxygen atoms to form silicon dioxide, so that the oxidation resistance of the steel is improved, and the corrosion resistance and pitting resistance of the oxide film are improved; the alloy has a strong solid solution strengthening effect, and the brittleness of the material is greatly improved by excessive Si element content, so the upper limit value of the Si element content in the steel is set to be 0.60 percent.
Mn: it is known to improve the pitting and crack corrosion resistance of steel. However, increasing the content of manganese element reduces the corrosion resistance and welding performance of steel, forms MnS inclusion with S element, and controls the recrystallization structure of the alloy; therefore, the manganese content in the steel is not higher than 0.60 percent.
Cr: chromium is a main alloy element in stainless steel, 1/8 law exists between the content of chromium in the steel and the corrosion resistance of the steel, and the improvement of the content of chromium in the steel is the most effective method for improving the corrosion resistance of the steel. However, chromium elementIs a strong ferrite forming element, and too high chromium content will increase the high temperature ferrite content in the steel and promote M 23 C 6 The formation of the type carbide is unfavorable for the mechanical property and corrosion resistance of the material. Therefore, the invention limits the chromium content in the steel to 15.00-16.50%.
Ni: the nickel element is an austenite forming element, and increasing the content of the nickel element increases the content of residual austenite in the steel, and a small amount of residual austenite can prevent crack propagation, so that the toughness of the material is improved; however, in the solidification process, nickel element is easy to segregate, and the structural uniformity of the material is affected, so the nickel element content in the steel is limited to 2.00-2.50%.
Mo: the molybdenum element is a main alloy element in the stainless steel, and can improve the density of chromium atoms in the passivation film, further improve the pitting corrosion resistance of the passivation film and prolong the pit incubation period; in addition, the atomic size of molybdenum is larger, the diffusion activation energy is higher, and the M is delayed 23 C 6 The precipitation of carbide is beneficial to improving the precipitation strengthening effect of the carbide; however, in the solidification process, the excessive molybdenum element content greatly reduces the martensite start temperature, reduces the martensite content in the steel, and leads the aged material not to reach the target hardness, so the molybdenum element content in the steel is limited to 0.90-1.30 percent.
N: increasing the nitrogen content in the steel increases the iron content in the steel, which is beneficial to improving the impact toughness of the material; however, nitrogen is easy to segregate and air holes in steel, and the flaw detection qualification rate of castings is reduced. Therefore, the invention limits the nitrogen element content in the steel to 0.03-0.10%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel and the preparation method thereof are prepared by designing alloy components and adopting vacuum induction smelting, electroslag remelting, hot working forging, hot working rolling and stress relief annealing, so that the consumption of copper element in the steel is reduced, the plastic toughness of the material is further improved, and the design requirement of the steel for the engine bearing part is met.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing yield strength at room temperature and with different heat treatment processes for examples 1-5 and comparative examples of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the tensile strength at room temperature under different heat treatment processes for examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the elongation at room temperature and the heat treatment process of comparative examples 1 to 5 according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the reduction of area at room temperature for various heat treatment processes for examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the impact absorption energy comparison at room temperature and under process for examples 1 to 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing Brinell hardness at room temperature with different heat treatment processes for examples 1-5 and comparative examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.06 to 0.20 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Mn, and S: less than or equal to 0.020 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, cr: 15.00-16.50%, ni 2.00-2.50%, mo 0.90-1.30%, V:0.10 to 0.20 percent of N:0.03 to 0.10 percent and the balance of Fe. In a further preferred scheme, the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.12 to 0.18 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Si, 0.45 to 0.58 percent of Mn, S: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.020 percent, cr:15.10 to 15.80 percent of Ni, 2.20 to 2.50 percent of Mo, 1.10 to 1.30 percent of V:0.10 to 0.20 percent of N:0.03 to 0.10 percent and the balance of Fe. The raw materials are selected from ferrosilicon ore, metal Mn, metal Cr, metal Ni, metal Mo and vanadium iron ore, and S and P elements are not added intentionally.
The high-performance martensitic stainless steel is prepared by the following steps of proportioning the components of the high-performance martensitic stainless steel such as the siderite, the metal Mn, the metal Cr and the metal Ni to obtain raw materials, and then sequentially carrying out vacuum induction smelting, electroslag remelting, hot working forging, hot working rolling and stress relief annealing to obtain the high-performance martensitic stainless steel; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Vacuum induction smelting and die casting, smelting the raw materials into molten steel by adopting a vacuum induction furnace, adjusting each component in the molten steel to a target value, and then controlling the temperature to discharge steel, wherein the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1540 ℃;
(2) Electroslag remelting, stress relief annealing and CaF (CaF) is adopted 2 -Al 2 O 3 Electroslag remelting is carried out on the slag system, and then stress relief annealing is carried out at 730-830 ℃;
(3) Finishing, forging, stress relief annealing, namely performing high-temperature homogenization treatment on the cast ingot at 1120-1200 ℃ after finishing, and forging and processing the cast ingot into a forging piece at the temperature of less than or equal to 1100 ℃; then carrying out stress relief annealing at 630-700 ℃;
(4) Hot rolling, stress relief annealing, namely heating the forging to 1120-1200 ℃ and rolling to obtain a rolled piece, wherein the final rolling temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 900 ℃; the rolled piece is subjected to stress relief annealing at 630-700 ℃ to obtain the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel.
The high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel stainless steel prepared in the process can meet the following two performance indexes simultaneously under different heat treatment conditions:
(1) After tempering/aging at 550-590 ℃, the yield strength is more than or equal to 930MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1130MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 12%, the area shrinkage is more than or equal to 58%, the impact absorption energy of a U-shaped notch is more than or equal to 55J, and the hardness is 302-375 HB.
(2) After tempering/aging at 640-680 ℃, the yield strength is more than or equal to 735MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 930MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 14%, the area shrinkage is more than or equal to 55%, the impact absorption energy of a U-shaped notch is more than or equal to 55J, and the hardness is 277-341 HB.
The high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel of the present invention and the method for producing the same are further described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The components and mass fractions of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel in this example are shown in table 1;
the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel in the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
(1) The raw materials are as follows: the components of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel of example 1 in table 1, such as ferrosilicon, metal Mn, metal Cr and metal Ni, were proportioned to obtain raw materials;
(2) Vacuum induction smelting: adding the raw materials with the proportion into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, wherein the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5.0x10 in the whole smelting process -2 3 times of stirring are needed before casting, wherein the stirring power is periodically changed between 0KW and 250 KW;
(3) Electroslag remelting: by CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3 CaF in electroslag remelting slag system 2 The slag content is 40Kg, then stress relief annealing is carried out at 750 ℃, and the stress relief annealing heat preservation time is 16 hours;
(4) And (3) hot working forging: after finishing, heating the electroslag ingot to 1150 ℃, carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment, keeping the temperature for 1.5 hours, and forging and processing the electroslag ingot into a forging piece by 2 times of fire at the temperature of 1060 ℃, wherein the final forging temperature is 850 ℃; then carrying out stress relief annealing at 650 ℃ for 25 hours;
(5) And (3) hot working and rolling: heating the forging to 1150 ℃ for 2 hours, and then performing 2-pass rolling to obtain a rolled piece, wherein the final rolling temperature is 850 ℃;
(6) Stress relief annealing: and carrying out stress relief annealing on the rolled piece at 650 ℃ for 25 hours to obtain the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel.
The detection proves that the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel prepared by the method has the following properties:
example 2
The components and mass fractions of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel in this example are shown in table 1;
the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel in the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
(1) The raw materials are as follows: the components of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel of example 1 in table 2, such as ferrosilicon, metal Mn, metal Cr and metal Ni, were proportioned to obtain raw materials;
(2) Vacuum induction smelting: adding the raw materials with the proportion into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, wherein the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 4.5X10 in the whole smelting process -2 mbar, 4 times of stirring are needed before casting, wherein the stirring power is periodically changed between 0KW and 250 KW;
(3) Electroslag remelting: by CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3 CaF in electroslag remelting slag system 2 The content of (2%) is 45Kg, then stress relief annealing is carried out at 780 ℃, and the stress relief annealing heat preservation time is 15 hours;
(4) And (3) hot working forging: finishing the electroslag ingot, heating to 1180 ℃, carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, forging and processing the electroslag ingot into a forging piece by 2 times of fire under the condition that the temperature is 1070 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 870 ℃; then carrying out stress relief annealing at 680 ℃ for 27 hours;
(5) And (3) hot working and rolling: heating the forging to 1180 ℃ for 2 hours, and then rolling for 2 times to obtain a rolled piece, wherein the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃;
(6) Stress relief annealing: and carrying out stress relief annealing on the rolled piece at 680 ℃ for 27 hours to obtain the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel.
The detection proves that the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel prepared by the method has the following properties:
example 3
The components and mass fractions of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel in this example are shown in table 1;
the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel in the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
(1) The raw materials are as follows: the components of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel of example 3 in table 1, such as ferrosilicon, metal Mn, metal Cr and metal Ni, were proportioned to obtain raw materials;
(2) Vacuum induction smelting: adding the raw materials with the proportion into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, wherein the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 7.0x10 in the whole smelting process -2 2 times of stirring are needed before casting, wherein the stirring power is periodically changed between 0KW and 250 KW;
(3) Electroslag remelting: by CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3 CaF in electroslag remelting slag system 2 The content of (2) is 63%, the slag content is 50Kg, then stress relief annealing is carried out at 740 ℃, and the stress relief annealing heat preservation time is 14 hours;
(4) And (3) hot working forging: after finishing, heating the electroslag ingot to 1160 ℃, carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours, and then forging the electroslag ingot into a forging piece by 2 times of fire at 1090 ℃, wherein the final forging temperature is 850 ℃; then carrying out stress relief annealing at 640 ℃ for 23 hours;
(5) And (3) hot working and rolling: heating the forging to 1160 ℃ for 2 hours, and then performing 2-pass rolling to obtain a rolled piece, wherein the final rolling temperature is 850 ℃;
(6) Stress relief annealing: and carrying out stress relief annealing on the rolled piece at 640 ℃ for 23 hours to obtain the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel.
The detection proves that the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel prepared by the method has the following properties:
example 4
The components and mass fractions of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel in this example are shown in table 1;
the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel in the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
(1) The raw materials are as follows: the components of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel of example 4 in table 1, such as ferrosilicon, metal Mn, metal Cr, metal Ni, etc., were proportioned to obtain raw materials;
(2) Vacuum induction smelting: the raw materials with the proportion are added into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, and the vacuum degree in the whole smelting process is less than or equal to 4.5X10 -2 mbar, 4 times of stirring are needed before casting, wherein the stirring power is periodically changed between 0KW and 250 KW;
(3) Electroslag remelting: by CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3 CaF in electroslag remelting slag system 2 The content of (2%) is 38Kg, then stress relief annealing is carried out at 780 ℃, and the stress relief annealing heat preservation time is 12 hours;
(4) And (3) hot working forging: after finishing the electroslag ingot, heating to 1170 ℃, carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment, keeping the temperature for 1.5 hours, and forging the electroslag ingot into a forging piece by 2 times of fire at 1080 ℃ at 900 ℃; then carrying out stress relief annealing at 680 ℃ for 27 hours;
(5) And (3) hot working and rolling: heating the forging to 1170 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and then rolling for 2 times to obtain a rolled piece, wherein the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃;
(6) Stress relief annealing: and carrying out stress relief annealing on the rolled piece at 680 ℃ for 27 hours to obtain the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel.
The detection proves that the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel prepared by the method has the following properties:
example 5
The components and mass fractions of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel in this example are shown in table 1;
the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel in the embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
(1) The raw materials are as follows: the components of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel of example 5 in table 1, such as ferrosilicon, metal Mn, metal Cr, metal Ni, etc., were proportioned to obtain raw materials;
(2) Vacuum induction smelting: the raw materials with the proportion are added into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, and the vacuum degree in the whole smelting process is less than or equal to 6.5X10 -2 2 times of stirring are needed before casting, wherein the stirring power is periodically changed between 0KW and 250 KW;
(3) Electroslag remelting: by CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3 CaF in electroslag remelting slag system 2 The content of the slag is 65 percent, the slag content is 45Kg, then stress relief annealing is carried out at 740 ℃, and the stress relief annealing heat preservation time is 16 hours;
(4) And (3) hot working forging: after finishing, heating the electroslag ingot to 1140 ℃, carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and then forging and processing the electroslag ingot into a forging piece by 2 times of fire under the condition that the temperature is 1070 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 850 ℃; then carrying out stress relief annealing at 650 ℃ for 22 hours;
(5) And (3) hot working and rolling: heating the forging to 1140 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and then rolling for 2 times to obtain a rolled piece, wherein the final rolling temperature is 850 ℃;
(6) Stress relief annealing: and carrying out stress relief annealing on the rolled piece at 650 ℃ for 22 hours to obtain the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel.
The detection proves that the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel prepared by the method has the following properties:
comparative example
The comparative example is 17-4PH steel, and the components and mass fractions are shown in Table 1;
the performance of the test is as follows:
table 1 ferritic stainless steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 and ferritic stainless steels in comparative examples were composition (wt%)
From FIG. 1, it is evident that the yield strength of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel stainless steel prepared in examples 1 to 5 is slightly lower than that of the comparative example, but the performance thereof is far beyond the design performance requirements of the blade steel; as can be seen from fig. 2, the tensile strength of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 is far higher than that of the comparative examples and the design performance requirements; as can be seen from FIG. 3, the elongation of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 is higher than that of the comparative example, far exceeding the design performance requirement; as can be seen from fig. 4, the reduction of area of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 satisfies the design performance requirements; as can be seen from fig. 5, the impact absorption energy of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 is far higher than the design performance requirement; as can be seen from FIG. 6, the Brinell hardness of the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steels prepared in examples 1 to 5 was far higher than those of the comparative examples and design performance requirements.
In summary, the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel and the preparation method thereof are prepared by designing alloy components and adopting vacuum induction smelting, electroslag remelting, hot working forging, hot working rolling and stress relief annealing, so that the influence of carburetion on the corrosion resistance of the material is reduced, the plasticity and toughness of the material are further improved, and the design requirement of the steel for the engine bearing part is met.
In view of the foregoing, the embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered.

Claims (8)

1. A high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel, characterized in that it comprises the following alloying elements: C. si, mn, S, P, cr, ni, mo, V, N and Fe, and the mass percentages of the elements are as follows: 0.06 to 0.20 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Mn, and S: less than or equal to 0.020 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, cr: 15.00-16.50%, ni 2.00-2.50%, mo 0.90-1.30%, V:0.10 to 0.20 percent of N: 0.03-0.10%, and the balance being Fe;
the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel is prepared by the following steps:
s1, vacuum induction smelting and die casting, namely smelting raw materials into molten steel by adopting a vacuum induction furnace, adjusting each component in the molten steel to a target value, and then controlling the temperature to discharge steel, wherein the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1540 ℃; stirring for 2-4 times before casting, and controlling the stirring power to periodically change between 0 and 250 kW;
s2, electroslag remelting and stress relief annealing are carried out by adopting CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3 Electroslag remelting is carried out on the slag system, and then stress relief annealing is carried out at 730-830 ℃;
s3, finishing, forging, stress relief annealing, performing high-temperature homogenization treatment at 1120-1200 ℃ after finishing the cast ingot, and forging and processing the cast ingot into a forging piece at the temperature of less than or equal to 1100 ℃; then carrying out stress relief annealing at 630-700 ℃; in the high-temperature homogenizing process, the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 1 hour; in the forging process, more than 2 times of forging is adopted, the final forging temperature is 800-1100 ℃, and the deformation of the final fire is more than or equal to 20%;
s4, hot rolling and stress relief annealing, namely heating the forging to 1120-1200 ℃ and then rolling to obtain a rolled piece, and controlling the final rolling temperature to 900-1200 ℃; the rolled piece is subjected to stress relief annealing at 630-700 ℃ to obtain the high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel.
2. The high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step S1, the whole smelting process is trueThe air degree should be lower than 7.0X10 -2 mbar。
3. The high performance martensitic heat resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in said step S2 CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3 CaF in slag system 2 The content of the slag is 60-75%, and the slag content is more than or equal to 35kg.
4. The high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in said step S2, the stress-relief annealing holding time is 10 to 18 hours.
5. The high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in said step S3, the stress-relief annealing holding time is 20 to 30 hours.
6. The high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in said step S4, the heating time is not less than 2 hours.
7. The high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in said step S4, said rolling is performed by 2-pass rolling.
8. The high-performance martensitic heat-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in said step S4, the stress-relief annealing holding time is 20 to 30 hours.
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