CN115367712A - Method for preparing hydrogen and elemental sulfur by decomposing hydrogen sulfide through photo-thermal catalysis - Google Patents

Method for preparing hydrogen and elemental sulfur by decomposing hydrogen sulfide through photo-thermal catalysis Download PDF

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CN115367712A
CN115367712A CN202211143087.9A CN202211143087A CN115367712A CN 115367712 A CN115367712 A CN 115367712A CN 202211143087 A CN202211143087 A CN 202211143087A CN 115367712 A CN115367712 A CN 115367712A
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hydrogen sulfide
hydrogen
oxide
catalyst
gas
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周莹
黄靖元
于姗
黄泽皑
张瑞阳
唐春
付梦瑶
段元刚
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Southwest Petroleum University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/02Preparation of sulfur; Purification
    • C01B17/04Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
    • C01B17/0404Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
    • C01B17/0426Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process characterised by the catalytic conversion
    • C01B17/0434Catalyst compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing hydrogen and elemental sulfur by photo-thermal catalytic decomposition of hydrogen sulfide, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production and gas purification. The invention is characterized in that high temperature is generated by solar energy condensation to decompose hydrogen sulfide or gas containing hydrogen sulfide, and the hydrogen sulfide is decomposed into hydrogen and elemental sulfur in the presence of a catalyst; the decomposition of the hydrogen sulfide can be promoted by using the energy of photons in the hydrogen sulfide under the action of a catalyst by heating and adding light at the same time, so that the conversion rate of the hydrogen sulfide is increased. The method of the invention is particularly suitable for treating the gas containing hydrogen sulfide in the chemical industry of natural gas, petroleum and coal, and can also be used for hydrogen production and elemental sulfur production by dissociation of the gas containing hydrogen sulfide in metallurgy, ocean and the like. The method has no special requirements or limitations on the source and the composition of the gas, thereby having universality for hydrogen sulfide decomposition hydrogen production.

Description

Method for preparing hydrogen and elemental sulfur by photo-thermal catalytic decomposition of hydrogen sulfide
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production and gas purification, and relates to a method for decomposing harmful hydrogen sulfide into nontoxic elemental sulfur and simultaneously obtaining hydrogen.
Background
Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas, and its presence not only causes corrosion of metals, but also harms human health; and hydrogen sulfide is a byproduct of almost all natural feedstock (i.e., natural gas, crude oil, and coal) processing for energy production. Hydrotreating of petroleum, coal and minerals produces 6000 more than ten thousand tons of toxic H per year 2 S, therefore, the primary goal of natural gas processing technology is to utilize H2S. Removal of toxic H produced by the Claus process and absorption of alkali or alcohol amines 2 S, these routes recover only elemental sulfur, while the valuable hydrogen element is discarded as water. From the viewpoint of comprehensive utilization of resources, in the conventional hydrogen sulfide recovery process, hydrogen resources are not effectively utilized.
Therefore, the decomposition of hydrogen sulfide into sulfur and hydrogen gradually becomes a technical field of great attention of domestic and foreign researchers.
At present, the hydrogen sulfide decomposition method mainly comprises the following steps: high temperature thermal decomposition, electrochemical methods, photocatalytic methods, low temperature plasma methods, and the like. Although the high-temperature thermal decomposition method is a relatively mature technology in industrial application, the thermal decomposition of hydrogen sulfide is limited by thermodynamic equilibrium, and high conversion rate is difficult to achieve, and even at a temperature of more than 1000 ℃, the conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide is only 20%; in addition, this method requires a large amount of heat energy, consumes a large amount of energy, and is economically severely limited because the concentration of hydrogen sulfide that can be treated is low. Although the electrochemical method can treat high-concentration hydrogen sulfide gas and has high sulfur recovery rate, the electrochemical method has the defects of more operation steps, serious equipment corrosion, poor reaction stability, low efficiency and the like. The photocatalytic method for decomposing hydrogen sulfide has the advantages of low energy consumption, mild reaction conditions, simple operation and the like, and is an economical method, but the method has the problems of small treatment capacity, low catalytic efficiency, easy inactivation of the catalyst and the like. Although the low-temperature plasma method has the advantages of simple operation, small device volume, high energy efficiency and the like, the generated elemental sulfur is difficult to recover, and the energy consumption is high.
Document International Journal of HPreparation of LaSr from Drogen Energy 2015,40 (24): 7452-7458 0.5 Mo 0.5 O 3 、LaSr 0.5 V 0.5 O 3 、LaMoO 3 Three catalysts for the thermal decomposition of H 2 S generates hydrogen and sulfur, and experiments show that the sequence of the activity of 3 catalysts is LaSr within the temperature range of 850-900 DEG C 0.5 V 0.5 O 3 >LaSr 0.5 Mo 0.5 O 3 >LaMoO 3 LaSr at 950 ℃ 0.5 V 0.5 O 3 H of (A) to (B) 2 The S conversion was 37.7%.
Documents International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019,44 (20): 9753-9762 supporting four metals of Co, ni, fe, cu on CeO 2 For thermal decomposition of H 2 S generates hydrogen and sulfur, the loading amount is 20wt%, and experiments show that CeO loaded by four metals of Co, ni, fe and Cu is carried at 850 DEG C 2 H of (A) to (B) 2 The S conversion rates were 35%, 30%, 28%, 25%, respectively.
The document International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1995,20 (2): 127-131 loads Ag2S and Pt on CdS in sequence, and mixes them with ZnS to obtain Pt/CdS/Ag 2 S-ZnS photocatalyst in combination with Na 2 S-Na 2 SO 3 The mixed solution is a reaction solution which is subjected to photocatalytic decomposition H 2 And (4) research on hydrogen production by S. Experiments show that under the irradiation of sunlight for 16 hours, the average hydrogen production obtained is about 1.53mL/h.
The documents "Chemical Engineering Science, 2009,64 (23): 4826-4834 performed by pulsed corona discharge H 2 The research on preparing hydrogen and sulfur by S decomposition is carried out, the reactor adopts a line tube structure, and the influence of pulse forming capacitance, discharge voltage and pulse frequency on H2S conversion rate and decomposition energy efficiency is examined under the condition of fixed power of 100W. The result shows that under the condition of certain power, the low pulse forming capacitance, the low discharge voltage and the high pulse frequency are beneficial to obtaining high H2S decomposition energy efficiency; in addition, with Ar and N 2 As the balance gas, a higher H2S conversion rate can be obtained when the Ar-N2 mixed gas is used as the balance gas than when the Ar-N2 mixed gas is used as the balance gas 2 /H 2 S volume fraction of 46%/46%/8%, discharge power of 60W, pulseWhen the capacitor is formed to be 720pF, the lowest decomposition energy consumption of the obtained H2S is 4.9eV/H 2 S molecules, but the H2S conversion in this case was only about 30%.
Photo-thermal catalysis is a new catalytic technology in recent years, and is a method for converting solar energy into heat energy to perform catalytic reaction under the action of a catalyst. It can reach a higher hydrogen sulfide conversion rate under a lower energy consumption, compare with traditional thermocatalysis or photocatalysis, and the advantage of light and heat catalysis is: (1) more efficient use of solar spectrum; (2) The temperature of the surface of the catalyst is increased instantaneously, and the heat is limited on the surface of the catalyst (local heating effect); (3) In some cases, photothermal catalysis can effectively inhibit deactivation of the catalyst, increasing the selectivity of the desired product.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen and elemental sulfur by decomposing hydrogen sulfide, which can decompose the hydrogen sulfide efficiently under the synergistic catalytic action of light and heat.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the photocatalysis and thermocatalysis methods have certain promotion effect on the decomposition of the hydrogen sulfide. The invention realizes the decomposition of hydrogen sulfide under the action of the catalyst by simulating solar condensation. Specifically, the decomposition of hydrogen sulfide is achieved by the synergistic action of light and heat, and there are two ways of achieving this. Firstly, hydrogen sulfide or gas containing hydrogen sulfide is decomposed by high temperature generated after sunlight is gathered to form hydrogen and elemental sulfur; secondly, hydrogen sulfide or gas containing hydrogen sulfide is decomposed by heating, and the conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide is obviously improved after illumination is added. The photo-thermal catalyst filled in the illumination area is solid particles or powder, and the solid photo-thermal catalyst with photo-thermal catalytic activity is applicable to the invention. For example, cerium oxide, bismuth telluride, cobalt oxide, tungsten oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, magnesium oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc ferrite, and a mixture of two or more thereof. The photothermal catalyst can be modified and modified with metals (including Fe, cu, co, mo, ni, ag, au, ca, bi, ga, ce) and non-metal elements (including N, C, S, F) to improve catalytic reaction performance.
The component with photocatalytic activity can also be loaded on a porous material to prepare a loaded catalyst, and the used carrier is not particularly limited and can be one or a mixture of two or more of activated carbon, a carbon molecular sieve, a carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, graphene, fullerene, cerium oxide, bismuth telluride, cobalt oxide, tungsten oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, magnesium oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc ferrite, a zeolite molecular sieve, a mesoporous-microporous composite material, a high-specific-surface-area macroporous material, a high-molecular polymer and a porous metal. The preparation method can adopt the traditional impregnation method, coprecipitation method, deposition method, sputtering method and the like.
The method has the advantages that the method not only can carry out harmless treatment on the hydrogen sulfide, but also can prepare the hydrogen with high added value from the hydrogen sulfide. The method has no special requirements or limitations on gas sources and compositions, and thus has general applicability to decomposition hydrogen production of hydrogen sulfide of various concentrations.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows CeO in photothermal catalytic decomposition of hydrogen sulfide 2 The activity of the photothermal catalyst changes over time.
FIG. 2 shows Co/SrTiO in photothermal catalytic decomposition of hydrogen sulfide 3 The activity of the photothermal catalyst changes over time.
FIG. 3 is Mo/WO of photothermal catalytic decomposition of hydrogen sulfide 3 The activity of the photothermal catalyst changes over time.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of Ag/Al in the case of decomposing hydrogen sulfide by solar light condensation 2 O 3 The activity of the photothermal catalyst changes over time.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the sulfur product obtained after the reaction.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the technical solutions.
Example 1
Preparation of the catalyst: the commercially available cerium oxide solid powder is molded under pressure, and then 20 to 40 mesh particles are screened.
The obtained CeO 2 Charging into a vulcanization quartz tube, introducing a vulcanizing agent at a flow rate of 50sccm (5% 2 S/Ar), raised to 600 ℃ over 60 minutes and held for 60 minutes.
Photo-thermal reactor configuration: the reactor is divided into an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the inner cylinder is used for introducing hydrogen sulfide and heating, and the outer cylinder is used for protecting the reactor.
The particulate catalyst was placed in a quartz glass tube and nitrogen was introduced for 5 minutes to remove oxygen from the reactor. The argon mixer containing 2% hydrogen sulfide was passed through the catalyst bed at a flow rate controlled by a mass flow meter. After the reacted gas is absorbed by sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and copper sulfate aqueous solution in two sections, the hydrogen content in the tail gas is analyzed on line by a chromatograph. And calculating the conversion rate of the hydrogen sulfide according to the chromatographic quantitative analysis result.
The above reaction apparatus and reaction steps are employed to carry out the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a solid photo-thermal catalyst. Temperature 600 ℃ and light source 100W xenon lamp, catalyst loading 200mg, reaction gas (2% by weight) 2 S and 98% of Ar) was 50sccm. The conversion of hydrogen sulfide was calculated to be 35.46% from the results of the chromatographic quantitative analysis.
Example 2
Preparation of the catalyst: the commercially available strontium titanate solid powder is molded under pressure, and then 20-40 mesh particles are screened out and loaded with Co by the impregnation method.
The obtained Co/SrTiO 3 Charging into a silica tube for vulcanization, and introducing a vulcanizing agent at a flow rate of 50sccm (5% 2 S/Ar), raised to 700 ℃ over 60 minutes and held for 60 minutes.
Photo-thermal reactor configuration: the reactor is divided into an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the inner cylinder is used for introducing hydrogen sulfide and heating, and the outer cylinder is used for protecting the reactor.
The particulate catalyst was placed in a quartz glass tube and nitrogen was introduced for 5 minutes to remove oxygen from the reactor. The argon mixer containing 5% hydrogen sulfide is made to pass through the catalyst bed layer at a certain flow rate controlled by a mass flow meter. After the reacted gas is absorbed by the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and the copper sulfate aqueous solution in two sections, the hydrogen content in the tail gas is analyzed on line by a chromatograph. And calculating the conversion rate of the hydrogen sulfide according to the chromatographic quantitative analysis result.
The above reaction apparatus and reaction steps are employed to carry out the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a solid photo-thermal catalyst. The temperature was 700 ℃ and the light source used a 200W xenon lamp, the catalyst loading was 200mg, the reaction gas (5%) 2 S and 95% Ar) at a flow rate of 60sccm. The conversion of hydrogen sulfide was calculated to be 45.2% from the results of the chromatographic quantitative analysis.
Example 3
Preparation of the catalyst: the commercially available tungsten oxide solid powder was shaped under pressure, and then 20-40 mesh particles were screened and Mo was loaded by a photo-deposition method.
The obtained Mo/WO 3 Charging into a silica tube for vulcanization, and introducing a vulcanizing agent at a flow rate of 50sccm (5% 2 S/Ar), raised to 800 ℃ over 60 minutes and held for 60 minutes.
Photo-thermal reactor configuration: the reactor is divided into an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the inner cylinder is used for introducing hydrogen sulfide and heating, and the outer cylinder is used for protecting the reactor.
The particulate catalyst was placed in a quartz glass tube and nitrogen was introduced for 5 minutes to remove oxygen from the reactor. The argon mixer containing 10% hydrogen sulfide was passed through the catalyst bed at a flow rate controlled by a mass flow meter. After the reacted gas is absorbed by sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and copper sulfate aqueous solution in two sections, the hydrogen content in the tail gas is analyzed on line by a chromatograph. And calculating the conversion rate of the hydrogen sulfide according to the chromatographic quantitative analysis result.
The above reaction apparatus and reaction steps are used to carry out the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a solid photo-thermal catalyst. The temperature was 800 ℃ and a 300W xenon lamp was used as a light source, the catalyst loading was 200mg, the reaction gas (10% by weight) 2 S and 90% by volume of Ar) was set to a flow rate of 70sccm. The conversion of hydrogen sulfide was calculated to be 57.48% from the results of the chromatographic quantitative analysis.
Example 4
Preparation of the catalyst: the commercial alumina solid powder is molded under pressure, then 20-40 mesh particles are screened out, and Ag is loaded by a hydrothermal method.
The prepared Ag/Al 2 O 3 The reaction mixture was placed in a quartz glass tube, and nitrogen gas was introduced thereinto for 5 minutes to remove oxygen from the reactor. The argon gas mixture containing 10% of hydrogen sulfide is controlled by a mass flow meter to pass through the catalyst bed layer at a certain flow rate. The collected light is irradiated on the catalyst position of the quartz glass tube by using a solar light collecting mode. After the reacted gas is absorbed by sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and copper sulfate aqueous solution in two sections, the hydrogen content in the tail gas is analyzed on line by a chromatograph. And calculating the conversion rate of the hydrogen sulfide according to the chromatographic quantitative analysis result.
The above reaction apparatus and reaction steps are employed to carry out the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a solid photo-thermal catalyst. Using a 300W xenon lamp as a light source, the temperature of the catalyst surface after light collection was 600 ℃, the catalyst loading was 200mg, the reaction gas (10% 2 S and 90% by volume of Ar) was set to a flow rate of 70sccm. The conversion of hydrogen sulfide was calculated to be 70.64% from the results of the chromatographic quantitative analysis.
From the above results, it can be seen that when the method for decomposing hydrogen sulfide by photothermal catalysis provided by the present invention is used for decomposing hydrogen sulfide, the conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide can be significantly increased compared with the prior art, and the method for decomposing hydrogen sulfide by photothermal catalysis provided by the present invention can maintain a high conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide for a long period of time with low energy consumption for decomposition.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing hydrogen and elemental sulfur by decomposing hydrogen sulfide through photo-thermal catalysis is characterized in that the decomposition of the hydrogen sulfide is realized by the cooperation of the thermal catalysis and the photo-catalysis: high temperature can be generated through solar energy condensation to decompose hydrogen sulfide or gas containing hydrogen sulfide, and the hydrogen sulfide is decomposed into hydrogen and elemental sulfur in the presence of a catalyst; or the decomposition of hydrogen sulfide or gas containing hydrogen sulfide into hydrogen and elemental sulfur can be promoted by heating and adding light at the same time under the action of a catalyst and under the action of high temperature and light irradiation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen sulfide decomposition reaction conditions comprise: the reaction temperature is 40-1000 ℃, the illumination intensity is more than 0.1W, and the reaction pressure is-0.06 MPa-0.6 MPa.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the photothermal catalyst is a solid particle or powder.
4. The method of claims 1 and 3, wherein the solid photothermal catalyst comprises cerium oxide, bismuth telluride, cobalt oxide, tungsten oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, magnesium oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc ferrite, and mixtures of two or more thereof.
5. The method of claims 1, 3, and 4, wherein the photothermal catalyst is modified and modified with metals (including Fe, cu, co, mo, ni, ag, au, ca, bi, ga, ce) and non-metals (including N, C, S, F) to improve catalytic reactivity.
6. The method according to claims 1, 3 and 4, wherein the component having photocatalytic activity may be supported on a porous material to form a supported catalyst, and the carrier used is not particularly limited and may be one or a mixture of two or more of activated carbon, carbon molecular sieve, carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, graphene, fullerene, cerium oxide, bismuth telluride, cobalt oxide, tungsten oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, magnesium oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc ferrite, zeolite molecular sieve, mesoporous-microporous composite material, high specific surface area macroporous material, high molecular polymer and porous metal.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the preparation method is impregnation, coprecipitation, deposition, sputtering.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen sulfide decomposition reaction is carried out in the presence of a carrier gas selected from at least one of nitrogen, helium, argon, hydrogen, water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, and propane.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content of hydrogen sulfide gas in the feed gas is such that the content of hydrogen sulfide gas at the reactor inlet of the photo-thermal reactor is 0.1 to 100 vol%.
CN202211143087.9A 2022-09-20 2022-09-20 Method for preparing hydrogen and elemental sulfur by decomposing hydrogen sulfide through photo-thermal catalysis Pending CN115367712A (en)

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WO2020233030A1 (en) * 2019-05-21 2020-11-26 山东三维石化工程股份有限公司 Device and method for synergistic recover of sulfur and hydrogen resources from hydrogen sulfide acid gas

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