CN115362896A - Konjak planting method in high-altitude area - Google Patents
Konjak planting method in high-altitude area Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115362896A CN115362896A CN202210966266.6A CN202210966266A CN115362896A CN 115362896 A CN115362896 A CN 115362896A CN 202210966266 A CN202210966266 A CN 202210966266A CN 115362896 A CN115362896 A CN 115362896A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- konjak
- planting
- fertilizer
- land
- seed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of konjak planting, in particular to a konjak planting method in a high-altitude area. The konjak planting method in the high-altitude area comprises the following steps of S1: selecting a mountain area or a hilly land with the altitude of 1600-2500 m in the cloud plateau; s2, seed selection and disinfection of the taros: s3, land preparation and fertilization: applying base fertilizer and quicklime to prevent konjak diseases, and leveling for later use; s4, sowing: fermenting the base fertilizer, directly scattering the fermented base fertilizer in soil when in sowing, adopting a double-ditch high-ridge method for planting, and interplanting high-stem plants to shade the konjak after the sowing is finished; s5, field management: s6, harvesting and film recovery: the konjak can be harvested after falling seedlings, the konjak corms are harvested manually, and the film is recovered; s7, performing crop rotation; ploughing the land, and then changing the konjac variety for planting. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention overcomes the climate characteristic of high altitude, improves the survival rate and the yield of the konjak, reduces the use of plant diseases and insect pests and pesticides, and prolongs the crop rotation time of the konjak planting land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of konjak planting, in particular to a konjak planting method in a high-altitude area.
Background
Konjak is a plant belonging to the genus of konjak of the family of Araceae and belongs to yam crops in cultivation. Konjak likes warm and moist, is suitable for growing in the environment of 20-30 ℃, and has more than 2000 years of cultivation history in China. The southwest area of China is a main production area for konjak planting and is mainly distributed in provinces such as Yunnan, guizhou, sichuan and the like. The konjak has high economic value and long industrial chain, has the effects of losing weight, reducing blood pressure and blood sugar, expelling toxin, relaxing bowels and the like, has the medicinal values of diminishing swelling, removing toxin, treating carbuncle sores and the like, and has huge market potential.
Konjak is a crop which is fond of yin, moisture, heat, cold and water, is usually planted in an area with an altitude of 800-1500 meters in the konjak planting industry at present, and the phenomena of easy frosting, low survival rate, more soft rot diseases and the like of konjak caused by strong solarization, high temperature and more frost weather generally occur in areas with higher altitude. In addition, the konjak planting also has the problems of short crop rotation period and low yield.
Therefore, development of a konjak planting technology in a high-altitude area and development of the local konjak industry become problems to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention overcomes the climate characteristic of high altitude, improves the survival rate and the yield of the konjak, reduces the use of plant diseases and insect pests and pesticides, and prolongs the rotation time of the konjak planting land.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a konjak planting method in a high-altitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1), selecting a planting land block: selecting a mountain area or a hilly land with the altitude of 1600-2500 m in the Yunhui plateau, selecting an area with the perennial temperature of 20-32 ℃, and controlling the pH value of a land parcel at 6-6.5;
s2), seed selection and disinfection of the taros: selecting seed taros which are full in appearance and have no wound, disease and deformity, and airing, dehydrating and disinfecting the seed taros;
s3), land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing in winter, deep ploughing and finely leveling after spring, applying base fertilizer and quicklime to prevent konjak diseases, and leveling for later use;
s4), sowing: after fermenting the base fertilizer, directly scattering the fermented base fertilizer in soil during sowing, adopting a double-ditch ridging high-ridge method for planting, ridging, covering a black film on ridges, and then digging holes on the ridges by using a tool for planting; after placing the seeds of the taros, digging holes for sowing, lifting soil and covering a bit higher; after the seeds are planted, high-stem plants are interplanted to shade the konjac, and after the konjac is unearthed, the covering soil is not lower than 8cm;
s5), field management:
in the seedling stage of the konjak, applying a seedling raising fertilizer, additionally applying a potassium fertilizer, controlling a nitrogen fertilizer, applying a phosphate fertilizer appropriately, and removing weeds by adopting an artificial weeding mode without damaging konjak plants during weeding;
in the head changing period of the konjak, in the process of forming new bulbs, applying a foliar fertilizer, performing first virus prevention after the konjak is opened, spraying fungicide once every 7-10 days for 2-4 times continuously, and alternately applying the fungicide; removing diseased plants in time, disinfecting diseased holes with calx or special disinfectant powder for rhizoma Amorphophalli, cutting herba Artemisiae Annuae to cover the surface of rhizoma Amorphophalli;
during the expanding period of the konjak, medicines for preventing diseases are used for carrying out secondary virus prevention, diseased plants are cleaned in time, the diseased plants are taken out of the ground together with the soil, quicklime or special sterilization powder for the konjak is used for disinfecting disease holes, topdressing is carried out at proper time after weeding, and potassium fertilizer is added to meet the growing requirement of the konjak;
s6), harvesting and film recovery: picking up the konjac when the seedlings fall by about 90 percent, ploughing by using a machine, manually picking up konjac corms, and picking up films in soil by using a mulching film picking machine to recycle the films;
s7), performing crop rotation; after the konjak is harvested, removing waste konjak stems and leaves, ploughing the land, burning sweet wormwood straw into plant ash, scattering the plant ash into the land, planting the plant ash again, and then changing konjak varieties for planting.
In the step S2, when the seed taros are aired, dehydrated and disinfected, shading net pads are arranged below the seed taros, and 300-400 times of water solution of the Tibet thistle or carbendazim is used for sterilization treatment of the seed taros; after the seed taro is dried, the special konjac disinfection powder is uniformly scattered on the surface of the seed taro.
The double-ditch high-ridge forming method comprises the steps of firstly pulling a straight ditch, placing the seed taro on the leftmost side of the ditch during seed placement, pulling soil of a second ditch to cover a first ditch, and returning soil on two sides to form high ridges after seeds of the second ditch are placed; the width of the furrow is 0.6-1.5M, the height of the ridge is not less than 0.25M, the seed taro is placed at the position 0.15M away from the bottom of the ditch, and the soil is covered by 0.1M.
In the step S5, the seedling-lifting fertilizer is a potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate type high-potassium compound fertilizer, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15.
In the step S4, the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 500-700 parts by weight of decomposed farmyard manure, 100-160 parts by weight of humus, 20-60 parts by weight of urea and 40-60 parts by weight of high-potassium compound fertilizer.
In the step S4, when the seed taro is placed, the buds are required to be upward and placed at an inclination angle of 45 degrees.
In the step S5, the foliar fertilizer comprises one or more of konjaku ling amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, potassium humate, potassium dihydrogen sulfate and silicon zinc boron potassium dihydrogen.
In the step S5, the sterilization medicine comprises one or more of Bordeaux mixture, kasugamycin and agricultural streptomycin sulfate, and is sprayed or irrigated to roots.
In the step S3, the application amount of the quicklime is 60-80 kg per mu of planting field; in step S5, the optimum time for artificial weeding is carried out when the height of weeds is within 10 cm.
The invention solves the defects in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, proper planting of the konjak and sterilization and dehydration treatment of the konjak are carried out, so that the germination rate of the konjak is improved, a self-made humus soil base fertilizer is matched during sowing, and related specific procedures such as fertilizing, weeding and the like are carried out, so that the occurrence of diseases in the konjak planting process is reduced, the yield of a single plant is improved by 8-10%, the use of plant diseases and insect pests and pesticides is reduced, the rotation time of the konjak planting land is prolonged, the promotion of konjak planting in a high-altitude land is accelerated, and the utilization rate of the land is improved. The method has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a protective umbrella for the growth of the konjak by covering the black film, which not only can shield the strong sunlight of high altitude mountains, but also can reduce the damage to the konjak in cold weather. Through the planting mode of the original double-furrow high-ridge forming method, the ventilation effect is good, the illumination absorption is sufficient, the drainage is good, the covering is easy, the morbidity of the konjak can be effectively reduced, and the yield is improved.
2. High-stem crops are interplanted to shade, so that the growing period of the konjak is prolonged, the swelling degree of the konjak is increased, and the konjak grows larger.
3. In the fertilizer management of konjak planting, the nutrition of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is applied to the konjak from each growth period, so that different requirements of konjak in different growth periods are met, the rapid growth of the konjak is promoted, and the yield of the konjak is improved. When the base fertilizer is applied, the organic fertilizer and the humus are taken as main materials, the chemical fertilizer is taken as an auxiliary material, the base fertilizer is applied sufficiently, the additional fertilizer is applied early, the nutrition requirement of the konjak in the early growth stage is met, and if the fertilizer is lacked in the growth stage, the disease and the yield reduction of the konjak can be caused. In the tuber expansion period and the tuber maturation period, high-potassium fertilizer is mainly used to promote the development of the reproductive organs of the konjak and the gathering of nutrient substances at the roots, which is beneficial to improving the yield of the konjak.
4. The method is beneficial to prolonging the planting rotation period of the konjak by burning the plant ash by the sweet wormwood straws and changing the konjak varieties for planting. The konjak seeds are placed in an inclined manner by 45 degrees, after the konjak grows up, the middle bud pits are large, after the konjak seedlings are ripe and fall, the bud pits are easy to accumulate water and can be rotten, and the water accumulation of the bud pits can be avoided by the inclined placement. During the period of changing the head of the konjak, the sweet wormwood herb is cut to cover the moist soil surface of the konjak, so that the growth of the konjak can be promoted, and the disease-resistant auxiliary effect can be improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A konjak planting method in a high-altitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1), selecting a planting land block: selecting a mountain area or a hilly land with the altitude of 1600-2500 m in the cloud plateau, selecting an area with the perennial temperature of 20-32 ℃, and controlling the pH value of a land parcel to be 6-6.5;
s2), seed selection and disinfection of the taro: selecting seed taros which are full in appearance and have no wound, disease and deformity, and airing, dehydrating and disinfecting the seed taros; when the seed taros are aired, dehydrated and disinfected, the shading net is padded below the seed taros, and the seed taros are sterilized by using a sterilization solution which is 350 times of that of the sterilization solution or carbendazim; after the seed taro is dried, the special konjac disinfection powder is uniformly scattered on the surface of the seed taro.
S3), land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing in winter, deep ploughing and fine leveling after spring, applying base fertilizer and quicklime to prevent konjak diseases, and leveling for later use; the application amount of the quicklime is 70kg per mu of planting land.
S4), sowing: after fermenting the base fertilizer, directly scattering the fermented base fertilizer in soil when sowing, wherein the planting method adopts a double-ditch high-ridge method. The double-ditch high-ridge forming method comprises the steps of firstly drawing a straight ditch, placing the seed tubers on the leftmost side of the ditch during seed placement, drawing the soil of a second ditch to cover a first ditch, and returning the soil on two sides to form high ridges after placing the seeds of the second ditch; the width of the furrow is 0.6-1.5M, the height of the ridge is not less than 0.25M, the seed taro is placed at the position 0.15M away from the bottom of the ditch, and the soil is covered by 0.1M. Firstly, ridging, covering a black film on the ridges, and then digging holes on the ridges by using a tool for planting; after placing the seeds, digging a hole for sowing, lifting soil and covering a bit higher; when the seed taro is placed, the buds are required to be upward and placed at an inclination angle of 45 degrees. After the seeds are planted, high-stem plants are interplanted to shade the konjac, and after the konjac is unearthed, the covering soil is not lower than 8cm. The base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 600 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 140 parts of humus, 40 parts of urea and 50 parts of high-potassium compound fertilizer in parts by weight.
S5), field management:
in the seedling stage of the konjak, applying a seedling raising fertilizer, additionally applying a potassium fertilizer, controlling a nitrogen fertilizer, applying a phosphate fertilizer appropriately, and removing weeds by adopting an artificial weeding mode without damaging konjak plants during weeding; the seedling-lifting fertilizer is a potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate type high-potassium compound fertilizer, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15. The optimum time for artificial weeding is carried out when the height of weeds is within 10 cm.
In the head changing period of the konjak, in the process of forming new bulbs, applying a foliar fertilizer, performing first virus prevention after opening an umbrella on the konjak, spraying sterilizing medicaments once every 8 days, continuously for 3 times, and alternately applying medicaments; removing diseased plants in time, disinfecting diseased holes with calx or special disinfectant powder for rhizoma Amorphophalli, cutting herba Artemisiae Annuae to cover the surface of rhizoma Amorphophalli; the foliar fertilizer comprises one or more of konjaku ling amino acid water soluble fertilizer, potassium humate, potassium dihydrogen sulfate and potassium dihydrogen boro-silicate. The bactericidal medicine comprises one or more of Bordeaux mixture, kasugamycin and agricultural streptomycin sulfate, and is sprayed or irrigated to roots.
During the expanding period of the konjak, medicines for preventing diseases are used for preventing viruses for the second time, diseased plants are cleaned in time, the diseased plants are taken out of the ground together with the soil, quicklime or special sterilizing powder for the konjak is used for sterilizing disease holes, topdressing is carried out at proper time after weeding, and potash fertilizer is added to meet the growth requirement of the konjak;
s6), harvesting and film recovery: picking up the konjac when the seedlings fall by about 90 percent, ploughing by using a machine, manually picking up konjac corms, and picking up films in soil by using a mulching film picking machine to recycle the films;
s7), performing crop rotation; after the konjak is harvested, removing waste konjak stems and leaves, ploughing the land, burning sweet wormwood straw into plant ash, scattering the plant ash into the land, planting the plant ash again, and then changing konjak varieties for planting. For example, the konjac flower is planted before, and can be replaced by white konjac, or yellow konjac has better effect.
According to the method of this example, 400 konjak plants were planted, the disease incidence was 8%, the pest attack rate was 7%, and the average weight of each konjak plant was 4.76Kg.
Example 2
A konjak planting method in a high-altitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1), selecting a planting land block: selecting a mountain area or a hilly land with the altitude of 1600-2500 m in the Yunhui plateau, selecting an area with the perennial temperature of 20-32 ℃, and controlling the pH value of a land parcel at 6-6.5;
s2), seed selection and disinfection of the taro: selecting seed taro which is full in shape and has no wound, disease and deformity, airing, dehydrating and sterilizing the seed taro; when the seed taros are aired, dehydrated and disinfected, the shading net is padded below the seed taros, and the seed taros are sterilized by using a sterilization agent or 400 times of carbendazim aqueous solution; after the seed taro is dried, the special konjac disinfection powder is uniformly sprinkled on the surface of the seed taro.
S3), land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing in winter, deep ploughing and fine leveling after spring, applying base fertilizer and quicklime to prevent konjak diseases, and leveling for later use; the application amount of the quicklime is 80kg per mu of planting land.
S4), sowing: after fermenting the base fertilizer, directly scattering the fermented base fertilizer in soil during seeding, and adopting a double-ditch high-ridge method for planting. The double-ditch high-ridge forming method comprises the steps of firstly pulling a straight ditch, placing the seed taro on the leftmost side of the ditch during seed placement, pulling soil of a second ditch to cover a first ditch, and returning soil on two sides to form high ridges after seeds of the second ditch are placed; the width of the furrow is 0.6-1.5M, the height of the ridge is not less than 0.25M, the seed taro is placed at the position 0.15M away from the bottom of the ditch, and the soil is covered by 0.1M. Firstly, ridging, covering a black film on ridges, and then digging holes on the ridges by using a tool for planting; after placing the seeds of the taros, digging holes for sowing, lifting soil and covering a bit higher; when the seed taro is placed, the buds are required to be upward and placed at an inclination angle of 45 degrees. After the seeds are planted, high-stem plants are interplanted to shade the konjac, and after the konjac is unearthed, the covering soil is not lower than 8cm. The base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 700 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 160 parts of humus, 60 parts of urea and 60 parts of high-potassium compound fertilizer in parts by weight.
S5), field management:
in the seedling stage of the konjak, applying a seedling raising fertilizer, additionally applying a potassium fertilizer, controlling a nitrogen fertilizer, applying a phosphate fertilizer appropriately, and removing weeds by adopting an artificial weeding mode without damaging konjak plants during weeding; the seedling-lifting fertilizer is a potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate type high-potassium compound fertilizer, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15. The optimum time for artificial weeding is carried out when the height of weeds is within 10 cm.
In the head changing period of the konjak, in the process of forming new bulbs, applying a foliar fertilizer, performing first virus prevention after opening an umbrella on the konjak, spraying sterilizing medicaments once every 10 days, continuously for 3 times, and alternately applying medicaments; removing diseased plants in time, disinfecting diseased holes with quick lime or special sterilizing powder for konjak, and cutting the sweet wormwood to cover the moist surface of the konjak in the area with the sweet wormwood; the foliar fertilizer comprises one or more of konjaku ling amino acid water soluble fertilizer, potassium humate, potassium dihydrogen sulfate and potassium dihydrogen silicozinc boron. The bactericidal medicine comprises one or more of Bordeaux mixture, kasugamycin and agricultural streptomycin sulfate, and is sprayed or irrigated to roots.
During the expanding period of the konjak, medicines for preventing diseases are used for preventing viruses for the second time, diseased plants are cleaned in time, the diseased plants are taken out of the ground together with the soil, quicklime or special sterilizing powder for the konjak is used for sterilizing disease holes, topdressing is carried out at proper time after weeding, and potash fertilizer is added to meet the growth requirement of the konjak;
s6), harvesting and film recovery: picking up the fallen konjak seedlings by about 90 percent, ploughing by using a machine, manually picking up konjak bulbs, and recovering a thin film in soil by using a mulching film picking machine;
s7), performing crop rotation; after the konjak is harvested, removing waste konjak stems and leaves, ploughing the land, burning sweet wormwood straw into plant ash, scattering the plant ash into the land, planting the plant ash again, and then changing konjak varieties for planting. For example, the previous planted konjak is changed into white konjak, or yellow konjak has better effect.
According to the method of this example, 400 konjak plants were planted, the disease incidence was 7%, the pest attack rate was 9%, and the average weight of each konjak plant was 4.65Kg.
Example 3
A konjak planting method in a high-altitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1), selecting a planting land block: selecting a mountain area or a hilly land with the altitude of 1600-2500 m in the cloud plateau, selecting an area with the perennial temperature of 20-32 ℃, and controlling the pH value of a land parcel to be 6-6.5;
s2), seed selection and disinfection of the taro: selecting seed taros which are full in appearance and have no wound, disease and deformity, and airing, dehydrating and disinfecting the seed taros; when the seed taros are aired, dehydrated and disinfected, the shading net is padded below the seed taros, and 300 times of water solution of the sterilization agent or carbendazim is used for sterilization treatment of the seed taros; after the seed taro is dried, the special konjac disinfection powder is uniformly scattered on the surface of the seed taro.
S3), land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing in winter, deep ploughing and fine leveling after spring, applying base fertilizer and quicklime to prevent konjak diseases, and leveling for later use; the application amount of the quicklime is 60kg per mu of planting land.
S4), sowing: after fermenting the base fertilizer, directly scattering the fermented base fertilizer in soil during seeding, and adopting a double-ditch high-ridge method for planting. The double-ditch high-ridge forming method comprises the steps of firstly pulling a straight ditch, placing the seed taro on the leftmost side of the ditch during seed placement, pulling soil of a second ditch to cover a first ditch, and returning soil on two sides to form high ridges after seeds of the second ditch are placed; the width of the furrow is 0.6-1.5M, the height of the ridge is not less than 0.25M, the seed taro is placed at the position 0.15M away from the bottom of the ditch, and the soil is covered by 0.1M. Firstly, ridging, covering a black film on ridges, and then digging holes on the ridges by using a tool for planting; after placing the seeds of the taros, digging holes for sowing, lifting soil and covering a bit higher; when the seed taro is placed, the buds are required to be upward and placed at an inclination angle of 45 degrees. After the seeds are planted, high-stem plants are interplanted to shade the konjac, and after the konjac is unearthed, the covering soil is not lower than 8cm. The base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 500 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 100 parts of humus, 20 parts of urea and 40 parts of high-potassium compound fertilizer in parts by weight.
S5), field management:
in the seedling stage of the konjak, applying a seedling raising fertilizer, additionally applying a potassium fertilizer, controlling a nitrogen fertilizer, applying a phosphate fertilizer appropriately, and removing weeds by adopting an artificial weeding mode without damaging konjak plants during weeding; the seedling-lifting fertilizer is a potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate type high-potassium compound fertilizer, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15. The optimum time for artificial weeding is carried out when the height of weeds is within 10 cm.
In the head changing period of the konjak, in the process of forming new bulbs, applying a foliar fertilizer, performing first virus prevention after the konjak is opened, spraying sterilizing medicaments once every 7 days for 4 times continuously, and alternately applying medicaments; removing diseased plants in time, disinfecting diseased holes with quick lime or special sterilizing powder for konjak, and cutting the sweet wormwood to cover the moist surface of the konjak in the area with the sweet wormwood; the foliar fertilizer comprises one or more of konjaku ling amino acid water soluble fertilizer, potassium humate, potassium dihydrogen sulfate and potassium dihydrogen boro-silicate. The bactericidal medicine comprises one or more of Bordeaux mixture, kasugamycin and agricultural streptomycin sulfate, and is sprayed or irrigated to roots.
During the expanding period of the konjak, medicines for preventing diseases are used for preventing viruses for the second time, diseased plants are cleaned in time, the diseased plants are taken out of the ground together with the soil, quicklime or special sterilizing powder for the konjak is used for sterilizing disease holes, topdressing is carried out at proper time after weeding, and potash fertilizer is added to meet the growth requirement of the konjak;
s6), harvesting and film recovery: picking up the fallen konjak seedlings by about 90 percent, ploughing by using a machine, manually picking up konjak bulbs, and recovering a thin film in soil by using a mulching film picking machine;
s7), performing crop rotation; after the konjak is harvested, removing waste konjak stems and leaves, ploughing the land, burning sweet wormwood straw into plant ash, scattering the plant ash into the land, planting the plant ash again, and then changing konjak varieties for planting. For example, the konjac flower is planted before, and can be replaced by white konjac, or yellow konjac has better effect.
According to the method of this example, 400 konjak plants were planted with an incidence of 9% and an insect-inflicted rate of 8%, and the average weight of each konjak plant was 4.58Kg.
The working process of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a planting method of konjak in a high-altitude area aiming at the climatic phenomena of strong sunlight, large temperature difference, frost freezing and the like in the high-altitude area, and provides a protective umbrella for the growth of the konjak by covering a black film, so that the strong sunlight of the high-altitude mountain can be shielded, and the damage of cold weather to the konjak can be reduced. Through the planting mode of the original double-furrow high-ridge forming method, the ventilation effect is good, the illumination absorption is sufficient, the drainage is good, the covering is easy, the morbidity of the konjak can be effectively reduced, the yield is increased, and the like. The method has the advantages that high-stem crops are interplanted to shade, a large part of direct light can be changed into scattered light, the accumulated temperature speed of leaf surfaces is reduced, and the konjak is an accumulated temperature plant, and seedlings fall off when the accumulated temperature reaches 4280 ℃ every day.
In the fertilizer management of konjak planting, the nutrition of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is applied to the konjak from each growth period, so that different requirements of konjak in different growth periods are met, the rapid growth of the konjak is promoted, and the yield of the konjak is improved. When the base fertilizer is applied, the organic fertilizer is used as the main component, the chemical fertilizer is used as the auxiliary component, the base fertilizer is applied sufficiently, the additional fertilizer is applied early, the nutritional requirements of the konjak in the early growth stage are met, and if the fertilizer is lacked in the growth stage, the disease and the yield reduction of the konjak can be caused. In the tuber expansion period and the tuber maturation period, high-potassium fertilizer is mainly used to promote the development of the reproductive organs of the konjak and the gathering of nutrient substances at the roots, which is beneficial to improving the yield of the konjak.
By applying sweet wormwood straws to burn plant ash and changing the konjac varieties for planting, the method is favorable for prolonging the konjac planting rotation period. The konjak seeds are placed in an inclined manner by 45 degrees, after the konjak grows up, the middle bud pits are large, after the konjak seedlings are ripe and fall, the bud pits are easy to accumulate water and can be rotten, and the water accumulation of the bud pits can be avoided by the inclined placement. During the head changing period of the konjak, the sweet wormwood is cut to cover the moisture surface of the konjak, so that the growth of the konjak can be promoted, and the disease-resistant auxiliary effect can be improved.
The invention properly plants the konjak, sterilizes and dehydrates the konjak, improves the germination rate of the konjak, reduces the occurrence of diseases in the konjak planting process by matching with self-made humus soil base fertilizer during sowing and through related specific procedures of fertilizing, weeding and the like, improves the yield of single plants by 8-10%, reduces the use of plant diseases and insect pests and pesticides, prolongs the rotation time of the konjak planting land, and is beneficial to accelerating the popularization of the konjak planting in high-altitude lands and improving the utilization rate of the land.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A konjak planting method in a high-altitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1), selecting a planting land block: selecting a mountain area or a hilly land with the altitude of 1600-2500 m in the cloud plateau, selecting an area with the perennial temperature of 20-32 ℃, and controlling the pH value of a land parcel to be 6-6.5;
s2), seed selection and disinfection of the taros: selecting seed taro which is full in shape and has no wound, disease and deformity, airing, dehydrating and sterilizing the seed taro;
s3), land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing in winter, deep ploughing and finely leveling after spring, applying base fertilizer and quicklime to prevent konjak diseases, and leveling for later use;
s4), sowing: after fermenting the base fertilizer, directly scattering the fermented base fertilizer in soil during sowing, adopting a double-ditch ridging high-ridge method for planting, ridging, covering a black film on ridges, and then digging holes on the ridges by using a tool for planting; after placing the seeds of the taros, digging holes for sowing, lifting soil and covering a bit higher; after the seeds are planted, high-stem plants are interplanted to shade the konjac, and after the konjac is unearthed, the covering soil is guaranteed to be not less than 8cm;
s5), field management:
in the seedling stage of the konjak, applying a seedling raising fertilizer, additionally applying a potassium fertilizer, controlling a nitrogen fertilizer, applying a phosphate fertilizer appropriately, and removing weeds by adopting an artificial weeding mode without damaging konjak plants during weeding;
in the head changing period of the konjak, in the process of forming new bulbs, applying a foliar fertilizer, performing first virus prevention after the konjak is opened, spraying fungicide once every 7-10 days for 2-4 times continuously, and alternately applying the fungicide; removing diseased plants in time, disinfecting diseased holes with calx or special disinfectant powder for rhizoma Amorphophalli, cutting herba Artemisiae Annuae to cover the surface of rhizoma Amorphophalli;
during the expanding period of the konjak, medicines for preventing diseases are used for preventing viruses for the second time, diseased plants are cleaned in time, the diseased plants are taken out of the ground together with the soil, quicklime or special sterilizing powder for the konjak is used for sterilizing disease holes, topdressing is carried out at proper time after weeding, and potash fertilizer is added to meet the growth requirement of the konjak;
s6), harvesting and film recovery: picking up the fallen konjak seedlings by about 90 percent, ploughing by using a machine, manually picking up konjak bulbs, and recovering a thin film in soil by using a mulching film picking machine;
s7), performing crop rotation; after the konjak is harvested, removing waste konjak stems and leaves, ploughing the land, burning sweet wormwood straws to make plant ash, scattering the plant ash into the land, then planting the plant ash, and then changing konjak varieties for planting.
2. The method for planting konjak in a high-altitude area according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, when the seed taros are aired, dehydrated and disinfected, shading net pads are arranged below the seed taros, and 300-400 times of water solution of the Tibet thistle or carbendazim is used for sterilization treatment of the seed taros; after the seed taro is dried, the special konjac disinfection powder is uniformly scattered on the surface of the seed taro.
3. The method for planting konjak in a high-altitude area according to claim 1, wherein: the double-ditch high-ridge forming method comprises the steps of firstly pulling a straight ditch, placing the seed taro on the leftmost side of the ditch during seed placement, pulling soil of a second ditch to cover a first ditch, and returning soil on two sides to form high ridges after seeds of the second ditch are placed; the width of the furrow is 0.6-1.5M, the height of the ridge is not less than 0.25M, the seed taro is placed at the position 0.15M away from the bottom of the ditch, and the soil is covered by 0.1M.
4. The method for planting konjak in a high-altitude area according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the seedling-lifting fertilizer is a potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate type high-potassium compound fertilizer, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15.
5. The method for planting konjak in a high-altitude area according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 500-700 parts by weight of decomposed farmyard manure, 100-160 parts by weight of humus, 20-60 parts by weight of urea and 40-60 parts by weight of high-potassium compound fertilizer.
6. The method for planting konjak in a high-altitude area according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, when the seed taro is placed, the buds are required to be upward and placed at an inclination angle of 45 degrees.
7. The method for planting konjak in a high-altitude area according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the foliar fertilizer comprises one or more of konjac glucomannan water-soluble fertilizer, potassium humate, potassium dihydrogen sulfate and silicon-zinc-boron-potassium dihydrogen.
8. The method for planting konjak in a high-altitude area according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the sterilization medicine comprises one or more of Bordeaux mixture, kasugamycin and agricultural streptomycin sulfate, and is sprayed or irrigated to roots.
9. The method for planting konjak in a high-altitude area according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the application amount of the quicklime is 60-80 kg per mu of planting land; in step S5, the optimum time for artificial weeding is carried out when the height of weeds is within 10 cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210966266.6A CN115362896A (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-12 | Konjak planting method in high-altitude area |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210966266.6A CN115362896A (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-12 | Konjak planting method in high-altitude area |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115362896A true CN115362896A (en) | 2022-11-22 |
Family
ID=84066347
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210966266.6A Pending CN115362896A (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-12 | Konjak planting method in high-altitude area |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115362896A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108849344A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-11-23 | 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院 | A kind of konjaku grows directly from seeds the high yield cultivating method of seed |
| CN109041643A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-21 | 云南宝成魔芋科技开发有限公司 | A kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot |
| CN109076910A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-25 | 云南宝成魔芋科技开发有限公司 | A kind of konjaku high yield cultivating method covering mulch |
| CN110741890A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-02-04 | 湖北省益客迅电子商务有限公司 | Method for interplanting konjak in corn field |
| CN114271165A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-05 | 重庆苒烁农业发展有限责任公司 | Method for planting konjak in high mountain forest |
-
2022
- 2022-08-12 CN CN202210966266.6A patent/CN115362896A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108849344A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-11-23 | 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院 | A kind of konjaku grows directly from seeds the high yield cultivating method of seed |
| CN109041643A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-21 | 云南宝成魔芋科技开发有限公司 | A kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot |
| CN109076910A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-25 | 云南宝成魔芋科技开发有限公司 | A kind of konjaku high yield cultivating method covering mulch |
| CN110741890A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-02-04 | 湖北省益客迅电子商务有限公司 | Method for interplanting konjak in corn field |
| CN114271165A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-05 | 重庆苒烁农业发展有限责任公司 | Method for planting konjak in high mountain forest |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 敖文等: "魔芋栽培土壤养分分析及施肥技术研究", 云南农业科技, vol. 1, no. 4, pages 168 - 175 * |
| 袁莉: "花魔芋标准化栽培技术", 蔬菜, no. 1, pages 37 - 39 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110558183A (en) | double-row strip-planting secondary ridge-making cultivation method for konjak | |
| CN105766260A (en) | High-yielding cultivation method for rhizoma pinelliae | |
| CN113099994A (en) | Early-sowing potato planting system and method for planting early-sowing potatoes by using same | |
| CN105794584A (en) | Potted fruit tree, soft-seed pomegranate and chrysanthemum three-crop interplanting method in greenhouse planting | |
| CN110612854A (en) | Planting method of zanthoxylum bungeanum | |
| CN112772313A (en) | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by interplanting konjak and selfheal | |
| CN113575322A (en) | Efficient cultivation mode of waxy corn, winter rape, garlic and waxy corn | |
| CN112568081A (en) | Angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method | |
| CN100388876C (en) | Five-finger fig root standarded and industrilized seed breeding planting method | |
| CN112889504A (en) | Method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in greenhouse with turfy soil plug | |
| CN107711021A (en) | A kind of tomato high-yield planting method | |
| CN112021119A (en) | Under-forest artificial konjak planting method | |
| CN111133959A (en) | Method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema under photovoltaic power station | |
| CN110547156A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for tomatoes | |
| CN104855129A (en) | Rhizoma anemarrhenae cultivation method | |
| CN115039603A (en) | Photovoltaic konjak greenhouse and planting technology thereof | |
| CN114041393A (en) | High-efficiency cultivation method for konjac in high mountain area | |
| CN112616541A (en) | Pollution-free interplanting cultivation technology for fruit trees | |
| CN113079914A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for litsea cubeba | |
| CN115362896A (en) | Konjak planting method in high-altitude area | |
| KR20010035436A (en) | How to grow | |
| CN112655501A (en) | Composite ecological cultivation method for cotton, allium macrostemon and peas | |
| CN111903414A (en) | Method for artificially breeding wild Machilus kwangtungensis into landscaping tree species | |
| CN108967099B (en) | Cultivation method for interplanting dioscorea opposita in desert orange orchard on hilly slope | |
| CN110896794A (en) | Scutellaria baicalensis cultivation method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |