CN115360915A - ZVS high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of current of storage battery - Google Patents
ZVS high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of current of storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of converters and discloses a ZVS (zero voltage switching) high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of current of a storage battery. The converter comprises four switching tubes, three inductors and three capacitors. The converter can realize ZVS (zero voltage switching) switching-on of all switching tubes under two working modes of Boost and Buck, and has small switching loss and high conversion efficiency; the number of the power tubes is small, the voltage stress is low, low-voltage-resistant devices can be adopted, and the cost is reduced; the inductor has small volume and high power density; the current on the low-voltage side is zero-ripple-wave-output, and the low-voltage side does not need to be connected with a filter capacitor in parallel, so that the reliability is improved; the input and the output are connected with the same ground, so that the electromagnetic interference is small, and the sampling circuit has a simple structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of converters, and particularly relates to a ZVS (zero voltage switching) high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of current of a storage battery.
Background
In recent years, storage battery energy storage systems are widely applied to the fields of smart power grids, electric automobiles, rail transit and the like. The bidirectional DC-DC converter is a core device for realizing energy exchange between the storage battery and the direct current bus, and influences the performance of the energy storage system. However, the output voltage of the battery is low, and the service life is closely related to the magnitude of the current ripple. Therefore, the bidirectional DC-DC converter is required to have a high voltage gain and a small low-side current ripple. At present, bidirectional DC/DC converters are mainly classified into two main categories: isolated and non-isolated. In the application without electric isolation, the non-isolated DC/DC converter has the advantages of simple design and structure, low loss and small volume.
The bidirectional Buck/Boost converter has become a non-isolated bidirectional direct current converter which is most widely applied due to the advantages of continuous low-voltage side current, common high-voltage side and low-voltage side ground, few devices and the like. However, its pressure-raising/lowering capability is limited. Therefore, in recent years, many researchers have proposed various bidirectional Buck/Boost converters with high boosting capability, which mostly have multiple inductors and capacitors, and thus have large volume, low power density and high cost. Increasing the switching frequency improves the power density and dynamic response, however, the switching losses increase and the conversion efficiency decreases. These problems can be overcome by introducing soft switching techniques. In addition, the large input current ripple affects the service life of the battery. Therefore, the students further propose a plurality of soft-switching high-gain non-isolated bidirectional direct current converters with zero ripple current of the low-voltage side ports. These topologies have the following problems in common: (1) The number of the switching tubes is large, the volume is large, and the power density is low; (2) Part of power tubes still work in a hard switching state, so that the efficiency is difficult to further improve; (3) The power tube has higher voltage stress, and a high-voltage-resistant semiconductor device is required to be adopted, so that the on-state loss is larger, and the cost is higher; (4) The inductor is not optimally designed, so that the inductor is large in size and high in on-state loss.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a ZVS high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of current of a storage battery, which can eliminate switching frequency ripple of current at a low voltage side, can realize ZVS switching on of all switching tubes in a Boost mode and a Buck mode, does not have voltage spikes, and has the advantages of strong voltage rising/dropping capability, a small number of switching tubes, low voltage stress and cost, a small inductance volume, high power density, conversion efficiency and reliability, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a ZVS high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of current of a storage battery comprises a first capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 A third capacitor C 3 A first inductor L 1 A second inductor L 2 A third inductor L 3 A first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 And a fourth switching tube S 4 ；
The first inductor L 1 And one end of the low-voltage side power supply U L The positive electrodes of the two electrodes are connected;
the first inductor L 1 And the other end of the second inductor L 2 One terminal of, the first capacitor C 1 The positive electrode of (1) is connected;
the second inductor L 2 And the other end of the first switch tube S 1 Drain electrode of (1), the second switching tube S 2 Source electrode of (1), the third switching tube S 3 Is connected to the source of (a);
the third inductor L 3 And the second switch tube S 2 The drain electrode of (1), the first capacitor C 1 Negative pole of (1), the second capacitor C 2 The positive electrode of (2) is connected;
the third inductor L 3 And the other end of the third switching tube S 3 The drain electrode of the fourth switching tube S 4 Is connected to the source of (a);
the first switch tube S 1 And the low-voltage side power supply U L The second capacitor C 2 Negative pole of (2), the third capacitor C 3 The negative electrode of (1) is connected;
the fourth switch tube S 4 And the third capacitor C 3 The positive electrode of (2) is connected;
the third capacitor C 3 And the high-voltage side power supply U H The positive electrode of (1) is connected;
the third capacitor C 3 Negative pole of and the high-voltage side power supply U H The negative electrode of (1) is connected;
the first switch tube S 1 And the third switch tube S 3 Is the same, the second switch tube S 2 And the fourth switching tube S 4 The driving signals of the two driving circuits are the same;
the first switch tube S 1 And the second switch tube S 2 Conducting complementarily;
the first inductor L 1 Working in a current continuous mode, and the current ripple is zero;
the second inductor L 2 And the third inductance L 3 All work in a current bidirectional circulation mode;
the first inductor L 1 The inductance of (a) should satisfy:
in the formula of U L Is a low side supply voltage; u shape H Is a high side supply voltage; p o,max Is the maximum value of the output power; f. of s Is the switching frequency;
the second inductor L 2 Should satisfy:
in the formula, D 1 Is a first switch tube S 1 A duty cycle of the drive signal; I.C. A L2,val For the valley value of the second inductor current in Boost mode, it is usually taken as: -0.5A to-1A;
the third inductance L 3 Should satisfy:
in the formula I L3,val For the valley value of the third inductor current in Boost mode, it is usually taken as: -2A to-3A.
Furthermore, the ideal voltage gain of the ZVS high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of current of the storage battery in the Boost mode is 1/(1-D) 1 ) 2 The ideal gain in Buck mode is D 2 2 Wherein D is 2 Is a second switch tube S 2 A duty cycle of the drive signal;
further, the first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 All voltage stresses of
The third switch tube S 3 Has a voltage stress of
The fourth switching tube S 4 Has a voltage stress of U H 。
Compared with the prior art, the ZVS high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of the current of the storage battery has the following technical effects:
1) In a Boost mode and a Buck mode, ZVS (zero voltage switching) switching-on can be realized for all switching tubes, so that the switching loss is small;
2) Zero ripple of the port current at the low-voltage side can be realized, so that no filter capacitor is needed at the low-voltage side, and the reliability is improved;
3) First switch tube S 1 A third switch tube S 3 The voltage stress is reduced, and all the switch tubes have no voltage peak, so that a low-voltage-withstanding power device with low on-state resistance can be selected, and the cost and the on-state loss are reduced.
4) The inductor has small volume and the power density is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a ZVS high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of current of a storage battery provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is an equivalent diagram of a working mode of the ZVS high-gain energy storage converter shown in fig. 1 in a Boost mode;
fig. 3 is a main operating waveform diagram of the ZVS high-gain energy storage converter shown in fig. 1 operating in a Boost mode;
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit schematic diagram of the average current of the ZVS high-gain tank converter shown in FIG. 1 when the converter is operating in Boost mode;
FIG. 5 is an equivalent diagram of the working mode of the ZVS high-gain energy-storage converter shown in FIG. 1 in Buck mode;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the main operating waveforms of the ZVS high-gain energy-storage converter shown in FIG. 1 operating in Buck mode;
FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit schematic diagram of the average current of the ZVS high-gain energy-storage converter shown in FIG. 1 when the converter is operating in Buck mode;
FIG. 8 is a steady state simulation waveform diagram of the ZVS high gain energy storage converter shown in FIG. 1 in Boost mode;
FIG. 9 is a steady state simulation waveform of the ZVS high-gain energy storage converter shown in FIG. 1 in Buck mode;
FIG. 10 is a control block diagram of the ZVS high gain tank converter of FIG. 1;
FIG. 11 is a waveform of a dynamic simulation of the ZVS high gain tank converter shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a ZVS (zero-voltage switching) high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of current of a storage battery, and the circuit structure of the ZVS high-gain energy storage converter is shown in figure 1. It comprises a first capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 A third capacitor C 3 A first inductor L 1 A second inductor L 2 A third inductor L 3 A first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 The fourth switch tube S 4 (ii) a First inductance L 1 One end of and the second inductance L 2 First capacitor C 1 The positive electrode of (2) is connected; second inductance L 2 The other end of the first switch tube S 1 Drain electrode of the first switching tube S 2 Source electrode and third switch tube S 3 Is connected with the source electrode of the transistor; third inductance L 3 And a second switch tube S 2 Drain electrode of (1), first capacitor C 1 Negative electrode of (1), second capacitor C 2 The positive electrode of (1) is connected;third inductance L 3 The other end of the first switch tube and the third switch tube S 3 Source electrode and fourth switching tube S 4 Is connected to the source of (a); fourth switch tube S 4 Drain electrode of and third capacitor C 3 The positive electrode of (1) is connected; first switch tube S 1 Source electrode of and the second capacitor C 2 Negative electrode of (2), third capacitor C 3 The negative electrode of (1) is connected; first inductance L 1 The other end of the power supply is connected with a low-voltage side power supply U L The positive electrodes of the two electrodes are connected; first switch tube S 1 Source and low voltage side power supply U L Is connected with the cathode; third capacitor C 3 Positive pole and high voltage side power supply U H The positive electrode of (1) is connected; third capacitor C 3 Negative pole and high voltage side power supply U H Is connected to the negative electrode of (1). First switch tube S 1 And a third switch tube S 3 Is the same as the driving signal of the first switching tube S 2 And a fourth switching tube S 4 The driving signals of the two driving circuits are the same; the first switch tube S 1 And the second switch tube S 2 Conducting complementarily;
the working principle of the energy storage converter shown in fig. 1 is explained below.
To simplify the analysis, the following assumptions were made: first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 The fourth switch tube S 4 A first capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 A third capacitor C 3 A first inductor L 1 A second inductor L 2 A third inductor L 3 Are all ideal devices; a first capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 And a third capacitance C 3 Large enough to ignore its terminal voltage ripple; low-voltage side power supply U L The negative terminal is a zero potential reference point.
Based on the above assumptions, the steady-state working processes of the energy storage converter in Boost and Buck modes can be divided into 4 modes. The working processes of the system in the Boost mode and the Buck mode are as follows:
(1) Boost mode
The equivalent circuit of each mode in this mode is shown in fig. 2. The main waveforms during one switching cycle are shown in fig. 3.
t 0 Time of dayFront, first switch tube S 1 Body diode D of S1 A third switch tube S 3 Body diode D of S3 The freewheeling has been turned on.
Modal 1,t 0 ～t 1 Stage (2): (the equivalent circuit is shown in FIG. 2 (a.1) to FIG. 2 (a.3))
t 0 At the moment, the first switching tube S is switched on by Zero Voltage (ZVS) 1 A third switch tube S 3 Modality 1 begins. In this mode, the second switch tube S 2 The fourth switch tube S 4 All are turned off; first inductance L 1 A second inductor L 2 A third inductor L 3 Are all subjected to forward voltage;
during this period, there are:
in the formula of U L Terminal voltage, U, of low-side power supply C1 And U C2 Are respectively a first capacitor C 1 And a second capacitor C 2 The terminal voltage of (c).
Modal 2,t 1 ～t 2 Stage (2): (the equivalent circuit is shown in FIG. 2 (b))
t 1 At any moment, the first switch tube S is turned off 1 A third switch tube S 3 Mode 2 begins. In this mode, the second switch tube S 2 Body diode D of S2 And a fourth switching tube S 4 Body diode D of S4 Conducting follow current; first inductance L 1 A second inductor L 2 A third inductor L 3 Is decreasing linearly in the positive direction.
During this period, there are
In the formula of U H Is the terminal voltage of the high side supply.
Modal 3,t 2 ～t 3 Stage (2): (the equivalent circuits are shown in FIG. 2 (c.1) to FIG. 2 (c.3))
t 2 At the moment, ZVS turns on the second switch tube S 2 The fourth switch tube S 4 Mode 3 begins. In this mode, the first switch tube S 1 A third switch tube S 3 All are turned off; the inductance current expressions are the same as those in expression (2).
Modal 4,t 3 ～t 4 Stage (2): (the equivalent circuit is shown in FIG. 2 (d))
t 3 At the moment, the second switch tube S is turned off 2 And a fourth switching tube S 4 Modality 4 begins. In this mode, the first switch tube S 1 Body diode D of S1 A third switch tube S 3 Body diode D of S3 Conducting follow current; first inductor current i L1 Linearly increasing in the forward direction, second inductor current i L2 And a third inductor current i L3 The inverse linearity decreases and the current expression is the same as that of equation (1).
Based on the above working principle, the steady-state characteristic of the energy storage converter of the invention working in the Boost mode is analyzed below.
Neglecting dead time according to the first inductance L 1 A second inductor L 2 And a third inductance L 3 The voltage-second balance of (a) can be obtained:
in the formula D 1 Is a first switch tube S 1 The duty cycle of the drive signal.
According to the formula (3), the ideal voltage gain of the ZVS high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of the current of the storage battery in the Boost mode is as follows:
a first capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 A third capacitor C 3 The voltage stress of (a) is:
first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 And a third switching tube S 3 The voltage stress of (a) is:
in the formula of U S1 、U S2 、U S3 And U S4 Are respectively a first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 And a fourth switching tube S 4 Voltage stress of (2).
After entering a steady state, the first capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 A third capacitor C 3 Is zero, so that an equivalent circuit diagram of the average current in Boost mode can be obtained, as shown in fig. 4, and:
in the formula I L1 Is a first inductance L 1 Average current value of (1), I L2 Is a second inductance L 2 Average current value of (1) L3 Is a second inductance L 3 Average current value of (1), I S1 Is a first switch tube S 1 Average current value of (1) S2 Is a second switch tube S 2 Average current value of (1) S3 For a third switching tube S 3 Average current value of (1) S4 Is a fourth switching tube S 4 Average current value of (1) L Is the average value of the low voltage side port current, I H The average of the high voltage side port current.
(2) Buck mode
The equivalent circuit of each mode in this mode is shown in fig. 5. The main waveforms during one switching cycle are shown in fig. 6.
t 0 Before the moment, the first switch tube S 1 Body diode D of S1 A third switch tube S 3 Body diode D of S3 The freewheeling has been turned on.
Modal 1,t 0 ～t 1 Stage (2): (the equivalent circuit is shown in FIG. 5 (a.1) to FIG. 5 (a.3))
t 0 At the moment, ZVS opens the first switch tube S 1 A third switch tube S 3 Modality 1 begins. In this mode, the second switch tube S 2 And a fourth switching tube S 4 All are turned off; the inductance current expressions are the same as those of expression (1).
Modal 2,t 1 ～t 2 Stage (2): (the equivalent circuit is shown in FIG. 5 (b))
t 1 At any moment, the first switch tube S is turned off 1 A third switch tube S 3 Mode 2 begins. In this mode, the second switch tube S 2 Body diode D of S2 And a fourth switching tube S 4 Body diode D of S4 Conducting follow current; first inductance L 1 A second inductor L 2 A third inductor L 3 The current of (2) is linearly decreased in the positive direction, and the current expression is the same as that of the formula (2).
Modal 3,t 2 ～t 3 Stage (2): (the equivalent circuits are shown in FIGS. 5 (c.1) to 5 (c.3))
t 2 At the moment, ZVS turns on the second switch tube S 2 And a fourth switching tube S 4 Modality 3 begins. In this mode, the first switch tube S 1 A third switch tube S 3 All are turned off; the inductance current expressions are the same as those of expression (2).
Modal 4,t 3 ～t 4 Stage (2): (the equivalent circuit is shown in FIG. 5 (d))
t 3 At the moment, the second switch tube S is turned off 2 The fourth switch tube S 4 And modality 4 begins. In this mode, the first switch tube S 1 Body diode D of S1 A third switch tube S 3 Body diode D of S3 Conducting follow current; first inductance L 1 Second inductance L 2 A third inductor L 3 All the currents of (2) are inversely linearly decreased, and the current expression is the same as that of the formula (1).
After entering a steady state, the first capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 A third capacitor C 3 The average current of (2) is zero, so that an equivalent circuit diagram of the average current in the Buck mode can be obtained, as shown in fig. 7. It can be seen that in Buck mode, the average current value I of the first inductor 1 The average current value I of the second inductor L2 The average current value I of the third inductor L3 The average current value I of the first switch tube S1 The average current value I of the second switch tube S2 Average current value I of third switching tube S3 The average current value I of the fourth switching tube S4 Average value of current at low-voltage side port I L Average value of high-voltage side port current I H Satisfies the formula (7).
Based on the above working principle, the steady-state characteristics of the energy storage converter of the invention when operating in the Buck mode are analyzed below.
Neglecting dead time according to the first inductance L 1 A second inductor L 2 And a third inductance L 3 The voltage-second balance of (a) can be obtained:
in the formula, D 2 Is a second switch tube S 2 The duty cycle of the drive signal.
According to equation (8), the ideal voltage gain of the energy storage converter in Buck mode can be obtained as follows:
a first capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 The voltage stress of (2) is shown in the formula (5).
First switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 The fourth switch tube S 4 The voltage stress of (2) is shown in the formula (6).
The conditions under which the present invention proposed the energy converter ZVS turns on are discussed below.
In Boost mode, the second switch tube S 2 And a fourth switching tube S 4 ZVS switching-on can be achieved naturally.
First switch tube S 1 And a third switching tube S 3 The key to achieving ZVS switching-on is that during mode 4: i.e. i L2 (t)<0，i L3 (t)<0。
In Buck mode, the first switch tube S 1 And a third switching tube S 3 ZVS opening can be naturally realized;
a second switch tube S 2 And a fourth switching tube S 4 The key to achieving ZVS switching-on is that during mode 2: i.e. i L2 (t)>0，i L3 (t)>0。
Therefore, in the two working modes, the key for realizing ZVS (zero voltage switching) opening is to enable the second inductor L to be used 2 And a third inductance L 3 The current of (2) flows in both directions.
The following discusses the conditions for eliminating the current switching frequency ripple of the energy converter provided by the present invention.
First inductance L 1 The terminal voltage of (c) can be expressed as:
in the formula,. DELTA.u C1 (t) is a first capacitance C 1 Ripple voltage of (d), Δ u C2 (t) is a second capacitance C 2 The ripple voltage of (c).
Because of Δ u C1 (t) and. DELTA.u C2 (t) is approximately in anti-phase and assume Δ u C2 If the initial phase of (t) is 0, then:
in the formula, Δ U C1 ，ΔU C2 Are respectively a first capacitor C 1 And a second capacitor C 2 Peak to peak ripple voltage.
In addition, the first inductor current ripple Δ i L1 The phasor form of (t) can be expressed as:
since the peak-to-peak value of the terminal voltage of the capacitor is usually 1% of the average value of the terminal voltage, that is: delta U C1 ＝0.01U C1 ，ΔU C2 ＝0.01U C2 While the first inductor current ripple ratio is not allowed to exceed the average current I L1 1% of (a), thus:
namely:
the energy storage converter has the same steady-state characteristics and soft switching conditions in the Boost mode and the Buck mode, so that the parameter design only needs to be carried out in the Boost mode.
First inductance L 1 The design is carried out according to the formula (13).
In order to realize ZVS (zero voltage switching) of all switching tubes in the whole working range, the second inductor L needs to be made 2 And a third inductance L 3 At maximum load P o,max Can realize the bidirectional current flow under the condition of (2).
Therefore, the second inductance should satisfy:
in the formula,. DELTA.I L2 Is a second inductance L 2 Current peak to peak value of; i is L2,max Is a second inductance L 2 Maximum average current of L2,val For the valley of the second inductor current, it is usually taken as: -0.5A to-1A.
Third inductance L 3 The inductance is designed as follows:
in the formula,. DELTA.I L3 Is a third inductance L 3 Current peak to peak value of; i is L3,max Is a third inductance L 3 Maximum average current of L3,val For the valley of the third inductor current, it is usually taken as: -2A to-3A.
The following describes a method for designing a bidirectional converter according to the present invention with reference to a specific example.
The design indexes of the converter provided by the invention are as follows: switching frequency f s =100kHz, low-side voltage U L =30V, high side voltage U H =400V, maximum output power P o,max ＝150W，I L2,val ＝-0.75A，I L3,val ＝-2.5A。
From the above index, the duty ratio D can be obtained from the equation (4) 1 Satisfies the following conditions:
the duty ratio D is obtained from equation (16) 1 ＝0.726。
By substituting the index into (13) -formula (15), the following can be obtained:
actually taking the first inductance L 1 ＝60μH。
Actually taking the second inductance L 2 ＝19μH。
Actually taking the third inductance L 3 ＝104μH。
Based on the modal analysis, the working condition analysis and the parameter design of the bidirectional direct current converter, the simulation verification is carried out by using Saber simulation software as follows:
the steady-state characteristics of the converter provided by the invention are verified through open-loop simulation, and the specific technical indexes and circuit parameters are as follows: switching frequency f s =100kHz, low-voltage side supply terminal voltage U L =30V, high-side supply terminal voltage U H =400V, maximum output power P o,max =150W; a first capacitor C 1 =20 μ F, second capacitance C 2 =20 μ F, third capacitance C 3 =10 μ F; first inductance L 1 Second inductance L of =60 muh 2 =19 μ H, third inductance L 3 =104 μ H. At this time, the theoretical voltage gain G =13.3.
FIG. 8 shows the first switch S when the converter is operating in Boost mode 1 Drive signal u of gs,S1 Drain-source voltage u of the first switching tube ds,S1 A second switch tube S 2 Drive signal u of gs,S2 Drain-source voltage u of the second switch tube ds,S2 A driving signal u of a third switching tube gs,S3 Drain-source electrode voltage u of third switch tube ds,S3 A driving signal u of the fourth switching tube gs,S4 Drain-source electrode voltage u of fourth switch tube ds,S4 Low side voltage U L High side voltage U H A first inductor current i L1 A second inductor current i L2 A third inductor current i L3 A first capacitor C 1 Terminal voltage U of C1 A second capacitor C 2 Terminal voltage U of C2 And (4) simulating a waveform. It can be seen that the low side voltage U L =30V, high-side voltage U H =400V, measured voltage gain is U H /U L Is approximately equal to 400/30=13.3, the actual duty ratio is approximately 0.73, and the theoretical value D is obtained 1 =0.726 in close proximity; a first capacitor C 1 Has a voltage stress of U C1 =79V and the voltage stress of the second capacitor is U C2 =109V, substantially in agreement with the theoretical value;first inductance L 1 Current i of L1 The ripple of the switching frequency is almost zero, and the second inductance L 2 A third inductor L 3 All work in a current bidirectional circulation mode; drive signal u gs,S1 、u gs,S2 、u gs,S3 、u gs,S4 Before the positive pressure comes, the first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 And a fourth switching tube S 4 Of the drain-source voltage u ds,S1 、u ds,S2 、u ds,S3 、u ds,S4 Are all reduced to zero, which indicates that the first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 And a fourth switching tube S 4 ZVS turn-on is realized; first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 And a fourth switching tube S 4 Has a voltage stress of u ds,S1 ＝u ds,S2 ＝109V、u ds,S3 ＝290V、u ds,S4 =400V, substantially in accordance with the theoretical value.
FIG. 9 shows the first switch S when the converter is operating in Buck mode 1 Drive signal u of gs,S1 Drain-source voltage u of the first switch tube ds,S1 A second switch tube S 2 Drive signal u of gs,S2 Drain-source voltage u of the second switch tube ds,S2 A driving signal u of the third switching tube gs,S3 Drain-source electrode voltage u of third switch tube ds,S3 A driving signal u of the fourth switching tube gs,S4 And the drain-source electrode voltage u of the fourth switch tube ds,S4 Low side voltage U L High side voltage U H First inductor current i L1 A second inductor current i L2 A third inductor current i L3 A first capacitor C 1 Terminal voltage U of C1 A second capacitor C 2 Terminal voltage U of C2 The simulated waveform of (1). It can be seen that the low side voltage U L =30V, high-side voltage U H =400V, measured voltage gain U L /U H About 30/400=0.075, the measured duty ratio is about 0.27, and the theoretical value D 2 =0.274 very close; a first capacitor C 1 Has a voltage stress of U C1 ＝80V，The voltage stress of the second capacitor is U C2 =110V, substantially in line with the theoretical value; first inductance L 1 Current i of L1 The ripple of the switching frequency is almost zero, and the second inductance L 2 A third inductor L 3 All work in a current bidirectional circulation mode; a first drive signal u gs,S1 、u gs,S2 、u gs,S3 、u gs,S4 Before the positive pressure comes, the first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 And a fourth switching tube S 4 Of the drain-source voltage u ds,S1 、u ds,S2 、u ds,S3 、u ds,S4 Are all reduced to zero, which indicates that the first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 And a fourth switching tube S 4 ZVS turn-on is realized; first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 And a fourth switching tube S 4 Has a voltage stress of u ds,S1 ＝u ds,S2 ＝109V、u ds,S3 ＝290V、u ds,S4 =400V, which substantially agrees with the theoretical value, thereby verifying the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
The converter of the invention uses a high-side voltage u H And a second inductor current i L2 The structure of the double closed-loop control is shown in fig. 10. It can be seen that the high-side voltage sampled value u H,f And a preset voltage reference value u H,ref Comparing to obtain a first error signal u H,e (ii) a Will error signal u H,e Sending the current to a PI regulator 1, and obtaining a second inductive current reference value i through a bidirectional amplitude limiting link 1 L2,ref (ii) a Reference value i of current L2,ref And a second inductor L 2 Current feedback value i of L2,f Comparing the obtained error signals i L2,e Sending the signal to a PI regulator 2, and obtaining a regulating signal u through a one-way amplitude limiting link 2 r (ii) a Regulating signal u r With a unipolar triangular carrier u c Intersecting to generate a first driving signal as a first switch tube S 1 A third switch tube S 3 Drive signal u of gs,S1 、u gs,S3 (ii) a Negating the first drive signal to generate a second drive signal as a second switch tube S 2 And a fourth switching tube S 4 Drive signal u of gs,S2 、u gs,S4 . In dynamic simulation, a high-voltage side variable power supply is connected in series with a resistor R =27 Ω. When the simulation is carried out for 200ms, the variable power supply is instantaneously switched from 390V to 410V by the voltage, so as to realize the switching from the Boost mode to the Buck mode, and the dynamic regulation process is as shown in FIG. 11. It can be seen that the first inductor current i L1 The energy flow direction of the converter is changed from positive to negative, and the working mode is switched from a Boost mode to a Buck mode; before and after mode switching, the high-voltage side voltage u of the converter H The voltage of the first inductor current is stabilized at 400V, the overshoot is small, and the first inductor current has no switching frequency ripple.
The ZVS high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of current of the storage battery has the following advantages: (1) In Boost and Buck modes, ZVS (zero voltage switching) switching-on can be realized for all switching tubes, and the switching loss is small; (2) Zero ripple of current of a port at the low-voltage side can be realized, and the reliability is improved without adopting any filter capacitor at the low-voltage side; (3) the number of power devices is small, the structure is simple, and the cost is low; (4) A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 The voltage stress is reduced, voltage spikes do not exist in all the switching tubes, a low-voltage-withstanding power device with low on-state resistance can be selected, and the cost and the on-state loss are reduced; and (5) the inductor has a small volume, and the power density is improved.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea, and not to limit it. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A ZVS high-gain energy storage converter capable of realizing zero ripple of current of a storage battery is characterized by comprising a first capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 A third capacitor C 3 A first inductor L 1 A second inductor L 2 A third inductor L 3 A first switch tube S 1 A second switch tube S 2 A third switch tube S 3 And a fourth switching tube S 4 ；
The first inductor L 1 And one end of the low-voltage side power supply U L The positive electrodes of the two electrodes are connected;
the first inductor L 1 And the other end of the second inductor L 2 One terminal of, the first capacitor C 1 The negative electrode of (1) is connected;
the second inductor L 2 And the other end of the first switch tube S 1 Drain electrode of (1), the second switching tube S 2 Source electrode of (1), the third switching tube S 3 Is connected to the source of (a);
the third inductor L 3 And the second switch tube S 2 The drain electrode of (1), the first capacitor C 1 Positive electrode of (2), the second capacitor C 2 The positive electrode of (1) is connected;
the third inductance L 3 And the other end of the third switching tube S 3 The drain electrode of the fourth switching tube S 4 Is connected to the source of (a);
the first switch tube S 1 And the low-voltage side power supply U L The second capacitor C 2 Negative pole of (2), the third capacitance C 3 Is ofConnecting the poles;
the fourth switch tube S 4 And the third capacitor C 3 The positive electrode of (1) is connected;
the third capacitor C 3 And the positive electrode of the power supply U and the high-voltage side power supply U H The positive electrode of (2) is connected;
the third capacitor C 3 Negative pole of and the high-voltage side power supply U H The negative electrode of (1) is connected;
the first switch tube S 1 And the third switch tube S 3 Is the same, the second switch tube S 2 And the fourth switching tube S 4 The driving signals of the two driving circuits are the same;
the first switch tube S 1 And the second switch tube S 2 Conducting complementarily;
the first inductor L 1 Working and current continuous mode, and current ripple is zero;
the second inductor L 2 And the third inductance L 3 All operate in a current bi-directional flow mode.
2. The ZVS high gain energy storage converter according to claim 1, wherein said first inductor L 1 Second inductance L 2 A third inductor L 3 The inductor design scheme of (1) is as follows;
the first inductor L 1 Should satisfy:
in the formula of U L For low side supply terminal voltage, U H For the voltage at the high-side supply terminal, P o,max Is the maximum value of the output power, f s Is the switching frequency;
the second inductor L 2 Should satisfy:
in the formula, D 1 Is a first switch tube S 1 Duty ratio of the drive signal, I L2,val For the valley value of the second inductor current in Boost mode, it is usually taken as: -0.5A to-1A;
the third inductance L 3 Should satisfy:
in the formula I L3,val For the valley value of the third inductor current in Boost mode, it is usually taken as: -2A to-3A.
3. The ZVS high-gain tank converter according to claim 1, wherein the ideal voltage gain of the ZVS high-gain tank converter in Boost mode is 1/(1-D) 1 ) 2 The ideal voltage gain in Buck mode is D 2 2 Wherein D is 2 Is a second switch tube S 2 The duty cycle of the drive signal.
4. The ZVS high gain energy storage converter according to claim 1, wherein said first switching tube S 1 The second switch tube S 2 The third switch tube S 3 The fourth switching tube S 4 ZVS (zero voltage switching) is realized in both a Boost mode and a Buck mode.
5. The ZVS high gain energy storage converter according to claim 1, wherein said first switching tube S 1 Has a voltage stress of
The third switch tube S 3 Has a voltage stress of
6. The ZVS high gain energy storage converter of claim 1, wherein the first switching tube S 1 The second switch tube S 2 The third switch tube S 3 The fourth switch tube S 4 Are all N-channel MOS tubes.
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