CN115360510B - High-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on tip discharge structure - Google Patents
High-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on tip discharge structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115360510B CN115360510B CN202210888233.4A CN202210888233A CN115360510B CN 115360510 B CN115360510 B CN 115360510B CN 202210888233 A CN202210888233 A CN 202210888233A CN 115360510 B CN115360510 B CN 115360510B
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- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on a tip discharge structure. The four acute angle branch structures are respectively positioned at four corners of the patch radiation edge, and sharp angles of the four acute angle branch structures are opposite to right angles of the L-shaped grounding structure. When strong electromagnetic pulse exceeding the threshold value irradiates the antenna, high-energy microwaves pass through the acute angle branch structure to cause air breakdown discharge and ground release. The invention has the capability of inhibiting high-energy microwaves under the condition of not influencing the antenna receiving and transmitting function, has a planar simple structure, is easy to integrate into a group, and can be applied to a phased array radar system with the electromagnetic pulse protection function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic protection and electromagnetic compatibility.
Background
The application of electromagnetic pulses has been rapidly developed in recent decades, and the research on electromagnetic protection has been gradually expanded, and the research has now been developed into the research on the electromagnetic environmental effects of electronic systems. Currently, the united states has established relatively sophisticated standards and related specifications for electromagnetic protection, where there are well-defined antistatic and anti-electromagnetic pulse indicators, high power microwave electromagnetic radiation as the main research content, and its impact on electronic systems and protection techniques to mitigate such impact are of great concern.
The impact of strong electromagnetic pulses on electronic systems is classified as disturbance, degradation, damage and destruction, which is largely dependent on the power generated by the electromagnetic pulses, the distance from the target and the characteristics of the electromagnetic pulse radiation (frequency, pulse velocity, pulse duration, etc.), as well as the protective capabilities of the target. At L, S bands, when the HPM radiation amplitude reaches hundreds of V/m, the signal incompleteness problem in the communication system becomes very serious; when the HPM radiation intensity is further increased to 15-25kV/m, the communication equipment will be permanently broken down even if not in operation. The strong electromagnetic pulse damage effect refers to the effect of the strong electromagnetic pulse acting on various objects and systems. Wherein, the electric effect means that when the microwave is shot to the target, the transient magnetic field can generate high voltage or large current on the metal surface or the lead of the target, and the intensity of the induced voltage or current can be enhanced along with the increase of the intensity of the microwave. When a microwave beam with the power density of 0.011 mu W/cm 2 is used for irradiating a target, radar, communication equipment and a navigation system on corresponding frequency bands can be interfered, so that the radar, the communication equipment and the navigation system cannot work normally. When the power density reaches 0.01-1W/cm 2, the performance of the radar, communication equipment and navigation system devices can be reduced or disabled, and the chip of the small computer system can be disabled or burnt. When the target is irradiated by strong microwave beams with the power density of 10-100W/cm 2, electromagnetic fields formed by radiation can generate induced current on the surface of the metal target, and the induced current enters the circuits of electronic equipment in systems such as missiles, airplanes, satellites, tanks and the like through antennas, wires and metal openings or gaps. If the induced current is large, the circuit can be disordered, error code can occur, data or information transmission can be interrupted, and information can be erased from a computer for storage or memory. If the induced current is large, components in the circuit can be burned out, and the military equipment and weapon system are disabled.
Under the action of strong electromagnetic pulse, the electromagnetic protection of the weapon equipment mainly comprises protection of an antenna port, protection of a host case, protection of a radio frequency front end, protection of a power cable, protection of sensitive devices and circuits and the like, and the traditional strong electromagnetic pulse protection method mainly comprises filtering and amplitude limiting. The method of out-of-band filtering and in-band limiting prevents strong electromagnetic pulse from damaging a system from a frequency domain and an energy domain, and is used for protecting space coupling paths such as an antenna, a large-opening aperture and the like by adopting a frequency selection surface, an ion body limiter and the like, and is used for protecting coupling paths such as a power line, a signal line and the like by adopting a filter, a PIN limiter, a gas discharge tube, a surge protection device and the like. However, there are certain limitations to the application of these approaches to strong electromagnetic protection. From threat sources, the high-power microwave source has high instantaneous radiation power, high pulse peak field intensity and power density and large killing range, the radiation spectrum can cover 30MHz-50 GHz, the pulse peak power reaches tens of Gigawatts (GW), and the instantaneous electromagnetic pulse peak field intensity can reach hundreds of kilovolts/meter, which puts higher requirements on the power capacity and the working bandwidth of the existing electromagnetic protection. From the perspective of protecting objects, electromagnetic protection of a space field is the most critical in the design of an electronic system, the most effective method for constructing a safe electromagnetic space is metal shielding, but the metal shielding effectively shields strong electromagnetic pulses and simultaneously blocks signal receiving and transmitting of protected equipment. Under the threat condition of strong electromagnetic environment, the electronic system can resist the attack of strong electromagnetic pulse and can effectively receive and transmit normal electromagnetic signals, so that the electromagnetic protection means is required to have the low-pass characteristic of energy, the effect similar to the effect of space limiting, and the safety of the electronic system is always ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on a tip discharge structure, solves the problem of normal operation of electronic equipment under the threat condition of a strong electromagnetic environment, has the characteristics of low cost, simple structure, easy conformal and integrated array and the like, and can be widely applied to the field of electromagnetic protection.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
A high-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on a tip discharge structure comprises a patch antenna, an acute angle branch, an L-shaped grounding structure, a dielectric substrate, a grounding plate and a feed coaxial;
Wherein: the grounding plate is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, provides support for the dielectric substrate and provides fixation for the feeding coaxial;
the coaxial inner conductor of the feed passes through the grounding plate and the dielectric substrate and is connected with the patch feed;
acute angle branch joints are positioned on the radiation edges of the microstrip patch and distributed on four corners of the patch;
The L-shaped grounding structures are arranged in pairs with the acute angle support sections and are separated by a certain distance, and each L-shaped grounding structure is connected with the grounding plate through two metal posts.
By means of the coupling excitation of the external strong electromagnetic pulse, induced voltage is generated between the acute angle branch joint and the L-shaped grounding structure, and when the induced voltage exceeds an air breakdown voltage threshold value, high-energy microwaves are released through grounding, so that an energy rejection function is realized.
Furthermore, the polarization direction of the dielectric substrate is consistent with that of the patch antenna, and a Tacouc RF-35TC high-frequency microwave plate is adopted, so that the thickness is 0.508mm; according to the strong electromagnetic pulse excitation with the peak field intensity of 50kV/m to 22kV/m, the angle range of the acute branch joint is within 20 degrees to 45 degrees, and the distance between the acute branch joint and the L-shaped grounding structure is 1.4mm. .
Compared with the prior art, the patch antenna for rejecting strong electromagnetic pulses has the following beneficial effects:
1. When the high-energy electromagnetic field irradiates the antenna, the incident electromagnetic wave energy is allowed to pass when the incident electromagnetic wave energy does not reach a threshold value, and is discharged and grounded when the incident electromagnetic wave energy exceeds the threshold value, so that an electromagnetic protection effect is achieved;
2. The additional discharge structure is small in size, flexible in threshold adjustment, suitable for large-scale phased array antenna design, capable of replacing an energy selection radome, reducing insertion loss and reducing design difficulty.
3. The designed tip discharge structure has little influence on the matching and radiation characteristics of the patch antenna within the threshold of the energy of the incident electromagnetic pulse.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structure diagram of a patch antenna for rejecting strong electromagnetic pulses, wherein 1 is a dielectric substrate, 2 is a patch antenna, 3 is a feed coaxial, 4 is an acute branch, and 5 is an L-shaped grounding structure;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a1×5 array structure of the antenna unit in fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is an active reflection coefficient comparison of the antenna element of FIG. 1 with or without additional discharge structures under periodic boundary conditions;
fig. 4 shows the induced voltage of the discharge structure of the 1×5 linear array of fig. 2 when the applied excitation irradiation exceeds the threshold.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to an embodiment of a1×5 antenna array.
Cell matching characteristics in an array can be analyzed by employing infinite period boundaries for periodic structure design.
As shown in FIG. 1, the dielectric substrate of the present embodiment adopts Tacouc RF-35TC with a thickness of 0.508mm, and the dielectric constant and loss tangent angle are 3.5 and 0.0011, respectively. The antenna unit is composed of a microstrip patch and an additional discharge structure, wherein the patch is fed by using a coaxial connector inner conductor, and the additional discharge structure is composed of four acute angle branch joints of a patch radiation edge and an L-shaped grounding structure. The two right-angle sides of the acute-angle branch joint are 3mm, the right-angle distance between the two right-angle sides and the L-shaped grounding structure is 1.4mm, and the side length of the L-shaped grounding structure is 1mm, and the L-shaped grounding structure is grounded through a metal column. After the array is assembled, the acute angle is regulated by changing the side length of the acute branch, and the smaller the angle is, the lower the discharge threshold value is, and conversely, the higher the discharge threshold value is.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of a1×5 antenna horizontally arranged with a center-frequency half-wavelength (15 mm) cell pitch.
Fig. 3 shows an active standing wave in the array with or without additional discharge structures for the antenna elements. Wherein the broken line represents no additional discharge structure, the solid line represents an additional discharge structure, and the two structures have only slight frequency deviation difference and do not affect the impedance matching of the antenna.
Fig. 4 shows the induced voltage of the additional discharge structure when the linear array is irradiated by an external plane wave. The plane wave polarization direction is consistent with the antenna polarization, the amplitude of the plane wave polarization direction is 22kV/m, the voltage difference is 3.079MV/m, the plane wave polarization direction exceeds an air breakdown voltage threshold (3 MV/m), external energy cannot be transmitted through the antenna, and the electromagnetic shielding effect is realized.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions, such as domestic dielectric substrates employing the same electrical and structural parameters, may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A high-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on a point discharge structure is characterized in that: the antenna comprises a patch antenna, an acute angle branch joint, an L-shaped grounding structure, a dielectric substrate, a grounding plate and a feed coaxial; the grounding plate is positioned below the dielectric substrate and provides support for the dielectric substrate, and the fixed feed is coaxial; the coaxial inner conductor of the feed passes through the grounding plate and the dielectric substrate and is connected with the patch feed; acute angle branch joints are positioned on the radiation edges of the microstrip patch and distributed on four corners of the patch; the L-shaped grounding structures and the acute angle support sections are arranged in pairs and are separated by a certain distance, and each L-shaped grounding structure is connected with the grounding plate through two metal posts; the external strong electromagnetic pulse is coupled and excited, induced voltage is generated between the acute angle branch joint and the L-shaped grounding structure, and the air breakdown characteristic of the induced voltage is utilized to realize the energy rejection function; the polarization direction of the dielectric substrate is consistent with that of the patch antenna, and a Tacouc RF-35TC high-frequency microwave plate is adopted, and the thickness is 0.508mm; according to the strong electromagnetic pulse excitation with the peak field intensity of 50kV/m to 22kV/m, the angle range of the acute branch joint is within 20 degrees to 45 degrees, the two right-angle side lengths of the acute branch joint are 3mm, the right-angle distance between the acute branch joint and the L-shaped grounding structure is 1.4 mm, the side length of the L-shaped grounding structure is 1.1 mm, and the L-shaped grounding structure is grounded through a metal column.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210888233.4A CN115360510B (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-07-27 | High-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on tip discharge structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210888233.4A CN115360510B (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-07-27 | High-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on tip discharge structure |
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| CN115360510A CN115360510A (en) | 2022-11-18 |
| CN115360510B true CN115360510B (en) | 2024-06-18 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112290228A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-01-29 | 成都信息工程大学 | Linear-circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna and lightning protection method |
| CN113540825A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-22 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | Low-profile energy selection phased array antenna unit |
| CN218160815U (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-12-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | High-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on point discharge structure |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6870498B1 (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 2005-03-22 | Mbda Uk Limited | Generation of electromagnetic radiation |
| KR101335653B1 (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2013-12-03 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | Antenna for protecting electromagnetic pulse wave |
| US9190722B2 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-11-17 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Antenna line protection device |
| CN104112899B (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2017-02-22 | 西安电子工程研究所 | High-power discone antenna |
| CN105098337A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2015-11-25 | 成都振芯科技股份有限公司 | Circular polarization microstrip patch antenna with high-sensitivity stubs |
| CN108879087A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2018-11-23 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of single layer wideband microband array antenna with harmonics restraint |
| WO2020141291A1 (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2020-07-09 | The Secretary Of State For Defence | Electromagnetic pulse detector and method of use |
| CN112117546B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-01-21 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | C-band ultra-wideband energy selection surface |
| CN113555681A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-10-26 | 电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband butt-heel Vivaldi antenna with high peak power |
| CN114089283A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-25 | 吉林大学 | Vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar strong electromagnetic pulse protection device based on energy selection surface |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112290228A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-01-29 | 成都信息工程大学 | Linear-circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna and lightning protection method |
| CN113540825A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-22 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | Low-profile energy selection phased array antenna unit |
| CN218160815U (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-12-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | High-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on point discharge structure |
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