CN115360510A - High-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on point discharge structure - Google Patents
High-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on point discharge structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115360510A CN115360510A CN202210888233.4A CN202210888233A CN115360510A CN 115360510 A CN115360510 A CN 115360510A CN 202210888233 A CN202210888233 A CN 202210888233A CN 115360510 A CN115360510 A CN 115360510A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on a point discharge structure. Wherein four acute angle branch knot structures are respectively located four angles on paster radiation limit, and its closed angle is placed with L shape ground structure's right angle relatively. When the strong electromagnetic pulse exceeding the threshold value irradiates the antenna, the high-energy microwave causes air breakdown discharge through the acute-angle branch structure and is released to the ground. The invention has the capability of inhibiting high-energy microwaves under the condition of not influencing the transceiving function of the antenna, has a simple planar structure, is easy to integrate into a group array, and can be applied to a phased array radar system with the electromagnetic pulse protection function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic protection and electromagnetic compatibility.
Background
In recent decades, the application of electromagnetic pulse is rapidly developed, and the research on electromagnetic protection is gradually expanded, so that the electromagnetic pulse is developed into the research on the electromagnetic environmental effect of an electronic system. At present, relatively complete standards and relevant specifications for electromagnetic protection have been established in the united states, wherein there are clear indexes against static electricity and electromagnetic pulses, and high-power microwave electromagnetic radiation is a main research content, and the influence on electronic systems and protection technology for alleviating the influence are focused.
The effects of strong electromagnetic pulses on electronic systems are classified as disturbing, degrading, damaging and destroying, which mainly depend on the power generated by the electromagnetic pulses, the distance to the target and the characteristics of the electromagnetic pulse radiation (frequency, pulse speed, pulse duration, etc.), and also the protective capabilities of the target. In the L and S wave bands, when the HPM radiation amplitude reaches hundreds of V/m, the signal imperfection problem in the communication system becomes very serious; when the HPM radiation intensity is further increased to 15-25kV/m, the communication device will be permanently broken down even if not in operation. The damage effect of strong electromagnetic pulses refers to the effect of strong electromagnetic pulses on various objects and systems. The electric effect means that when the microwave is emitted to the target, the transient magnetic field of the microwave generates a high voltage or a large current on the metal surface or the wire of the target, and the intensity of the induced voltage or current is increased along with the increase of the intensity of the microwave. When using 0.011 muW/cm 2 When the microwave beam with power density irradiates a target, radar, communication equipment and a navigation system on a corresponding frequency band can be interfered, so that the radar, the communication equipment and the navigation system cannot work normally. When the power density reaches 0.01-1W/cm 2 In time, performance degradation or failure of components of radar, communication equipment, and navigation systems may result, as well as failure or burn-out of chips of the small computer system. When the power density is 10-100W/cm 2 When the strong microwave wave beam irradiates a target, an electromagnetic field formed by radiation of the strong microwave wave beam can generate induced current on the surface of the metal target, and the induced current enters a circuit of electronic equipment in a system such as a missile, an airplane, a satellite, a tank and the like through an antenna, a lead, a metal opening or a gap. If the induced current is large, the circuit can be disordered, error codes can occur, data or information transmission can be interrupted, and computer storage or memory information can be erased. If the induced current is large, components in the circuit can be burnt, and military equipment and weapon systems can be disabled.
Under the action of strong electromagnetic pulses, the electromagnetic protection of weaponry mainly comprises the protection of an antenna port, the protection of a host case, the protection of a radio frequency front end, the protection of a power cable, the protection of sensitive devices and circuits and the like, and the traditional strong electromagnetic pulse protection method mainly comprises filtering and amplitude limiting. The method prevents strong electromagnetic pulse from damaging a system from a frequency domain and an energy domain through out-of-band filtering and in-band amplitude limiting methods, and adopts a frequency selection surface, a plasma amplitude limiter and the like to protect spatial coupling approaches such as an antenna, a large-opening hole seam and the like, and adopts a filter, a PIN amplitude limiter, a gas discharge tube, a surge protection device and the like to protect coupling approaches such as a power line, a signal line and the like. However, there are certain limitations to the application of these approaches to strong electromagnetic shielding. From the threat source, the high-power microwave source has large instantaneous radiation power, high pulse peak field intensity and power density and large killing range, the radiation spectrum can cover 30MHz-50 GHz, the pulse peak power reaches dozens of Gigawatts (GW), the instantaneous electromagnetic pulse peak field intensity can reach hundreds of kilovolts/meter, and higher requirements are provided for the power capacity and the working bandwidth of the existing electromagnetic protection. From the perspective of a protected object, electromagnetic protection of a spatial field is the most critical in electronic system design, and the most effective method for constructing a safe electromagnetic space is metal shielding, but the metal shielding effectively shields strong electromagnetic pulses and simultaneously blocks signal transceiving of protected equipment. Under the threat condition of strong electromagnetic environment, the electronic system can resist the attack of strong electromagnetic pulse and can effectively receive and send normal electromagnetic signals, so that the electromagnetic protection means is required to have the energy low-pass characteristic, the effect similar to the space amplitude limiting is achieved, and the safety of the electronic system is always ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on a point discharge structure, which solves the problem of normal operation of electronic equipment under the threat condition of a strong electromagnetic environment, has the characteristics of low cost, simple structure, easiness in conformal integration and the like, and can be widely applied to the field of electromagnetic protection.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
a high-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on a point discharge structure comprises a patch antenna, an acute-angle branch section, an L-shaped grounding structure, a dielectric substrate, a grounding plate and a feed shaft, wherein the feed shaft is coaxial;
wherein: the grounding plate is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, supports the dielectric substrate and fixes the feed coaxial;
the coaxial inner conductor of feed passes through the grounding plate and the dielectric substrate and then is connected with the patch feed;
the acute angle branch nodes are positioned on the radiation edge of the microstrip patch and distributed on four corners of the patch;
the L-shaped grounding structures and the acute-angle branch sections are arranged in pairs and are separated by a certain distance, and each L-shaped grounding structure is connected with the grounding plate through two metal columns.
Induced voltage is generated between the acute angle branch section and the L-shaped grounding structure through external strong electromagnetic pulse coupling excitation, and when the induced voltage exceeds an air breakdown voltage threshold value, high-energy microwaves are released through grounding, so that an energy rejection function is realized.
Furthermore, the polarization direction of the dielectric substrate is consistent with that of the patch antenna, and a Taconic RF-35TC high-frequency microwave plate with the thickness of 0.508mm is adopted; according to strong electromagnetic pulse excitation with peak field intensity of 50kV/m to 22kV/m, the angle range of the acute angle branch section is within 20 degrees to 45 degrees, and the distance between the acute angle branch section and the L-shaped grounding structure is 1.4mm. .
Compared with the prior art, the patch antenna for rejecting strong electromagnetic pulses has the following beneficial effects:
1. when the high-energy electromagnetic field irradiates the antenna, the incident electromagnetic wave energy is allowed to pass through when the energy does not reach the threshold value, and is discharged and grounded when the energy exceeds the threshold value, so that the electromagnetic protection effect is achieved;
2. the additional discharge structure is small in size, the threshold value is flexibly adjusted, the design of a large-scale phased array antenna is suitable, an energy selection antenna housing is replaced, the insertion loss is reduced, and the design difficulty is reduced.
3. Within the energy threshold of the incident electromagnetic pulse, the designed point discharge structure has little influence on the matching and radiation characteristics of the patch antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a patch antenna for rejecting strong electromagnetic pulses provided by the present invention, wherein 1 is a dielectric substrate, 2 is a patch antenna, 3 is a feed coaxial line, 4 is an acute angle stub, and 5 is an L-shaped grounding structure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 1 × 5 array structure formed by the antenna units in fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the active reflection coefficients of the antenna element of FIG. 1 under periodic boundary conditions with or without an additional discharge structure;
fig. 4 shows induced voltages of the discharge structure when the applied excitation radiation exceeds a threshold value for the 1 × 5 line array of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to a 1 x 5 antenna array embodiment.
The element matching characteristics in the array can be analyzed by adopting infinite period boundaries for the periodic structure design.
As shown in FIG. 1, tastic RF-35TC with a thickness of 0.508mm is used as the dielectric substrate in this example, and the dielectric constant and the loss tangent angle are 3.5 and 0.0011, respectively. The antenna unit consists of a microstrip patch and an additional discharge structure, wherein the patch feeds power by utilizing an inner conductor of the coaxial connector, and the additional discharge structure consists of four acute-angle branch sections of a patch radiation edge and an L-shaped grounding structure. The side lengths of two right angles of the acute angle branch section are 3mm, the right angle distance between the acute angle branch section and the L-shaped grounding structure is 1.4mm, the side length of the L-shaped grounding structure is 1mm, and the L-shaped grounding structure is grounded through a metal column. And after array formation, the acute angle is adjusted by changing the side length of the acute branch, and the smaller the angle is, the lower the discharge threshold value is, and the higher the discharge threshold value is otherwise.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a 1 x 5 antenna horizontally arranged with a center frequency point half-wavelength (15 mm) cell pitch.
Fig. 3 shows the active standing wave in the array with or without the additional discharge structure of the antenna elements. The dotted line represents no additional discharge structure, the solid line represents the additional discharge structure, and the two have only slight frequency deviation difference and do not affect the impedance matching of the antenna.
Fig. 4 shows the induced voltage of the additional discharge structure when the linear array is illuminated by an external plane wave. The polarization direction of the plane wave is consistent with the polarization of the antenna, the amplitude of the plane wave is 22kV/m, the voltage difference is 3.079MV/m at the moment and exceeds the air breakdown voltage threshold (3 MV/m), external energy cannot be transmitted through the antenna, and the electromagnetic shielding effect is realized.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the present invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, numerous simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the inventive concept, such as home-made dielectric substrates with the same electrical and structural parameters, which shall be deemed to belong to the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a high energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on point discharge structure which characterized in that: the antenna comprises a patch antenna, an acute angle branch section, an L-shaped grounding structure, a dielectric substrate, a grounding plate and a feeding coaxial line; the grounding plate is positioned below the dielectric substrate, supports the dielectric substrate and fixes the feed coaxial; the coaxial inner conductor of feed passes through the grounding plate and the dielectric substrate and then is connected with the patch feed; the acute angle branch nodes are positioned on the radiation edge of the microstrip patch and distributed on four corners of the patch; the L-shaped grounding structures and the acute angle branch sections are arranged in pairs and are separated by a certain distance, and each L-shaped grounding structure is connected with the grounding plate through two metal columns; the external strong electromagnetic pulse is coupled and excited, an induced voltage is generated between the acute angle branch section and the L-shaped grounding structure, and the air breakdown characteristic of the induced voltage is utilized to realize the energy rejection function.
2. The high-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on a point discharge structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the polarization direction of the dielectric substrate is consistent with that of the patch antenna, and a Taonic RF-35TC high-frequency microwave plate with the thickness of 0.508mm is adopted; according to strong electromagnetic pulse excitation with peak field intensity of 50kV/m to 22kV/m, the angle range of the acute-angle branch node is within 20 degrees to 45 degrees, and the distance between the acute-angle branch node and the L-shaped grounding structure is 1.4mm.
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| CN202210888233.4A CN115360510B (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-07-27 | High-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on tip discharge structure |
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| CN202210888233.4A CN115360510B (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-07-27 | High-energy microwave rejection patch antenna based on tip discharge structure |
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