CN115349415A - Ecological and efficient rice stubble broad bean planting method - Google Patents
Ecological and efficient rice stubble broad bean planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115349415A CN115349415A CN202211155680.5A CN202211155680A CN115349415A CN 115349415 A CN115349415 A CN 115349415A CN 202211155680 A CN202211155680 A CN 202211155680A CN 115349415 A CN115349415 A CN 115349415A
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- 235000010749 Vicia faba Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 240000006677 Vicia faba Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 235000002098 Vicia faba var. major Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IAJOBQBIJHVGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid Chemical group CP(O)(=O)CCC(N)C(O)=O IAJOBQBIJHVGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WCXDHFDTOYPNIE-RIYZIHGNSA-N (E)-acetamiprid Chemical compound N#C/N=C(\C)N(C)CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 WCXDHFDTOYPNIE-RIYZIHGNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005875 Acetamiprid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000220485 Fabaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000219873 Vicia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010716 Vigna mungo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001417 Vigna umbellata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011453 Vigna umbellata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- QXAITBQSYVNQDR-ZIOPAAQOSA-N amitraz Chemical compound C=1C=C(C)C=C(C)C=1/N=C/N(C)\C=N\C1=CC=C(C)C=C1C QXAITBQSYVNQDR-ZIOPAAQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002587 amitraz Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological and efficient rice stubble broad bean planting method, which is characterized in that the traditional broad bean direct seeding is changed into spring broad bean seedling transplanting, the defects of weak growth potential, insufficient growth amount, low biological/economic yield and slow harvesting period caused by direct seeding of seeds are overcome, considerable economic benefit can be obtained by picking fresh pods before five days, organic fertilizers are added to straws of straws for rice of later crops, the application amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced, and nitrogen fixation of root nodules is realized, so that the ecological and efficient rice stubble broad bean planting method is low-carbon and green. On the other hand, the survival rate of the vernalized broad bean seedlings transplanted in a no-tillage way reaches more than 95%, the tillage cost is reduced, the cost is saved, the efficiency is improved, the yield is improved by more than 30%, the fresh pods are harvested in advance by about 15 days, and the protein sources of the bean plants in China are obviously increased. The method solves the problems of weak growth potential, insufficient growth quantity, low biological yield, low economic benefit and late harvest period of directly sowing the broad bean seeds after the rice is harvested.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of broad bean cultivation, in particular to an ecological and efficient method for planting broad beans planted in rice stubble.
Background
Broad beans (Vicia faba L.), namely, south beans, broad beans and the like, belong to leguminosae and Vicia genus, and are annual or perennial herbaceous plants.
In recent years, a planting mode of rice and broad bean crop rotation is widely popularized in southern China in a large area, but broad bean seeds are generally adopted for direct sowing in a rice stubble broad bean planting method, and the defects of slow direct sowing of broad bean seeds, large seed consumption, weak growth potential, insufficient growth quantity, low biological yield, low economic benefit and slow harvesting period exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, an ecological and efficient method for planting broad beans planted in rice stubbles is provided so as to solve the problems of weak growth potential, insufficient growth amount, low biological yield, low economic benefit and late harvesting period of the broad bean seeds directly sowed due to late rice harvesting.
In order to realize the purpose, the ecological and efficient rice stubble broad bean planting method comprises the following steps:
after the rice is normally harvested, no-tillage planting is carried out on a field to form a plurality of dead furrows so as to determine planting beds, so that one planting bed is formed between two adjacent dead furrows, the width of each dead furrow is 0.2m, the depth of each dead furrow is 0.3 m, and the width of each planting bed is 2.8 m;
determining three planting rows in each planting bed, wherein a blank row is formed between two adjacent planting rows in each planting bed, and the width of the blank row is 1.2 meters;
spreading the crushed straws of the rice in the blank rows;
transplanting the vernalized broad bean seedlings into each planting line;
spraying a foliar fertilizer for preventing and treating aphids by using acetamiprid in combination with the vernalized broad bean seedlings in the planting rows in the initial aphid stage, wherein the foliar fertilizer is 1% urea aqueous solution;
after beginning of spring, carrying out micro-tillage mechanical weeding on the blank row, and simultaneously carrying out chemical weeding on the dead furrow;
harvesting fresh bean pods of the vernalized broad bean seedlings of part of the planting ridges at proper time, and harvesting dry bean pods of the vernalized broad bean seedlings of the rest planting ridges;
after the fresh bean pods or the dry bean pods are harvested, crushing, harrowing and returning the straws of the vernalized broad bean seedlings to the field;
plowing and harrowing the planting bed in which the fresh bean pods are harvested at the right time to form a seedling bed for cultivating seedlings;
forming the planting bed for harvesting the dry bean pods into a first-stage paddy field block;
pulling out the seedlings of the seedling bed and forming the seedling bed into a second-stage paddy field block;
transplanting the seedlings into the first-stage paddy field blocks and the second-stage paddy field blocks until the rice is normally harvested to complete a rice stubble broad bean planting period.
Furthermore, the distance between the planting rows on the two opposite sides in the planting ridges and the furrow edges is 0.2m.
Further, the row spacing of the vernalized broad bean seedlings in the planting rows is 0.2m, and 3300-3400 vernalized broad bean seedlings are planted per mu.
Further, after the straw of the vernalized broad bean seedlings is smashed, harrowed and returned to the field, 1000 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer is applied in a broadcast mode, and water is added for retting.
Furthermore, when the chemical weeding is carried out on the dead furrows, the herbicide is directionally isolated and sprayed on the weeds in the dead furrows.
Further, the herbicide is glufosinate-ammonium.
The ecological efficient broad bean planting method has the beneficial effects that the direct seeding of the traditional broad bean seeds is changed into the transplanting of the spring broad bean seedlings, the defects that the seed direct seeding is slow in growth potential and low in yield and harvesting period are overcome, considerable economic benefits can be obtained by harvesting fresh pods before five days, and the straws of the broad bean planting method are used for increasing organic fertilizers for later-stubble rice, reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizers and fixing nitrogen for root nodules, so that the low-carbon green ecology is realized. On the other hand, the survival rate of the vernalized broad bean seedlings transplanted in a no-tillage way reaches more than 95%, the tillage cost is reduced, the cost is saved, the efficiency is improved, the yield is improved by more than 30%, the fresh pods are harvested in advance by about 15 days, and the protein sources of the bean plants in China are obviously increased.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The invention provides an ecological and efficient rice stubble broad bean planting method, which comprises the following steps:
a: after the rice is normally harvested, a plurality of dead furrows are arranged in the field in a no-tillage mode to determine the planting bed, so that a planting bed is formed between two adjacent dead furrows.
In this example, the rice was harvested at normal maturity, i.e., under normal field conditions.
One ridge and one furrow are full ridges. The width of the furrow is 3 meters, wherein the width of a single furrow is 2.8 meters, and the width of a single furrow is 0.2 meters.
b: three planting rows are determined in each planting ridge, and a blank row is formed between every two adjacent planting rows in each planting ridge.
The distance between the planting rows on the two opposite sides in the planting furrows and the edge of the dead furrow is 0.2m.
c: the crushed straws of the rice are spread in the blank row.
d: transplanting commercial vernalized broad bean seedlings, and transplanting the vernalized broad bean seedlings into each planting line.
In this example, commercial vernalized broad bean seedlings were commercial finished vernalized broad bean seedlings.
The row spacing of the vernalized broad bean seedlings in the planting row is 0.2m, and 3300-3400 plants are planted per mu of vernalized broad bean seedlings.
e: in the early stage of aphid development, fertilizer insecticide is provided and sprayed on the vernalized broad bean seedlings to prevent and control aphids.
Wherein the fertilizer insecticide comprises a foliar fertilizer and acetamiprid. The foliar fertilizer is urea solution with the mass fraction of 1%.
f: after beginning of spring, weeding is carried out on blank rows by adopting a micro-tillage machine, and meanwhile, weeding is carried out on dead furrows chemically.
When the chemical weeding is carried out on the dead furrows, the herbicide is sprayed by directionally isolating the weeds in the dead furrows. The herbicide is glufosinate-ammonium.
g: and harvesting fresh bean pods of the vernalized broad bean seedlings of part of the planting ridges at proper time, and harvesting dry bean pods of the vernalized broad bean seedlings of the rest planting ridges.
h: after the fresh bean pods or the dry bean pods are harvested, the straws of the vernalized silkworm seedlings are crushed, raked and returned to the field.
After the straws of the vernalized broad bean seedlings are smashed, harrowed and returned to the field, commercial organic fertilizer is applied in a broadcasting way and water is added for retting. The using amount of the commercial organic fertilizer is 1000 kg/mu.
i: and forming the planting bed with part of the harvested fresh bean pods at proper time into a seedling bed to cultivate seedlings.
Specifically, rice seedlings can be cultivated according to the proportion of small seedlings to large fields, and part of planting beds for harvesting fresh bean pods at proper time are formed into seedling beds for cultivating the rice seedlings.
j: and forming the planting bed for harvesting the dried bean pods into a first-stage paddy field block.
k: the seedlings of the seedling bed are pulled out and the seedling bed is formed into a second-stage paddy field block.
l: transplanting the seedlings into the first-stage paddy field blocks and the second-stage paddy field blocks until the rice is normally harvested to finish a period of planting broad beans after harvesting the rice.
In order to further explain the specific steps of the ecological and efficient broad bean planting method for rice stubble, a specific example is specifically provided.
After the rice is normally ripe and harvested, no-tillage ditching and ridge fixing are carried out on the field where the rice is harvested. Specifically, after the crushed grass of the rice is harvested, the grass is marked according to the width of 3 meters, and a dead furrow is arranged at the marked position, wherein the width of the dead furrow is 0.2 meter, and the depth of the dead furrow is 0.3 meter. A planting bed is formed between two adjacent dead furrows.
When commercial vernalization broad bean seedlings are transplanted, 1 line is respectively pulled at the position 0.2 meter away from the edge of each furrow and in the middle of each planting furrow, and a blank line is arranged between every two adjacent lines. The method comprises the steps of cutting broken straw stalks into blank lines on two sides of a middle line, transplanting 3 lines of vernalized broad bean seedlings (namely planting one line of vernalized broad bean seedlings in each planting line) by taking 3 lines as a standard, planting 3 lines of vernalized broad bean seedlings in each planting ridge, wherein the mu density is 3335 plants, the plant spacing is 0.2m, and the planting period is 11 months, 5 days to 12 months and 15 days.
The aphid is the main pest spreading virus diseases, the aphid before winter and the aphid in beginning spring are controlled with the amitraz in the initial period of the aphid, the application amount is specified according to the medicament.
In spring ploughing, a small rotary cultivator is used for micro-ploughing and weeding the vacant rows, the growth environment of weeds is damaged, the weeds in the dead furrows are directionally isolated and sprayed with the glufosinate-ammonium herbicide, and the using amount is safe to use according to the instructions.
Harvesting fresh/mature dried broad bean pods: and picking fresh broad bean pods in time to meet market demands, collecting the rest dry broad bean pods, wherein the fresh pod collection time is 4 months to 25-5 months for 6 days, and collecting the dry broad pods at the bottom of 5 months. And (4) harvesting fresh broad bean pods from part of the planting bed, and harvesting dry broad bean pods from the rest part.
The method comprises the following steps of mechanically crushing fresh/dry broad bean straws and returning the fresh/dry broad bean straws to the field, specifically, mechanically crushing, harrowing and returning the broad bean straws to the field after bean pods are harvested, applying a certain amount (1000 kg/mu) of commercial organic fertilizer according to requirements, and then discharging water and retting.
Raising rice seedlings or transplanting rice seedlings by machine. Specifically, for the planting bed for picking fresh pods, rice seedlings can be raised according to the proportion of small seedlings to a large field, and for the planting bed for picking dry bean pods, preparation for later-stage machine transplanting is made. A planting bed for collecting the dried bean pods is ploughed and watered to form a first-stage paddy field.
And after the seedling reaches the transplanting period, pulling out the seedling, and ploughing and harrowing the seedling field to form a second-stage paddy field. Transplanting the seedlings into the first-stage paddy field and the second-stage paddy field.
And (4) completing a complete planting period of the broad beans in the rice stubble till the normal harvest of the rice stubble, namely a rice stubble broad bean annual planting mode.
The invention provides an ecological and efficient planting method of broad beans planted in rice stubble fields, which is characterized in that the direct seeding of traditional broad bean seeds is changed into the transplanting of spring broad bean seedlings, the defects of weak growth potential, insufficient growth quantity, low biological/economic yield and late harvest period caused by the late direct seeding of the seeds are overcome, considerable economic benefit can be obtained by harvesting fresh pods before the fifth step, organic fertilizers are added to straws of the fresh broad beans for the next-stubble rice, the application amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced, and nitrogen is fixed to root nodules, so that the low-carbon and green ecology is realized. On the other hand, the survival rate of the vernalized broad bean seedlings transplanted without tillage reaches more than 95%, the tillage cost is reduced, the cost is saved, the efficiency is improved, the yield is improved by more than 30%, the fresh pods are harvested about 15 days in advance, and the protein sources of the bean plants in China are obviously increased.
The proper time for transplanting vernalized broad bean seedlings of the ecological and efficient broad bean planting method for rice stubble broad beans is from 11 last ten days to 12 middle ten days, the proper planting period is as long as more than 30 days, rice stubble at different maturity stages can be met, the fresh pod harvesting time is about 4 months and 25 days next year, the fresh pod harvesting time is about 15 days earlier than that of the direct seeding of seeds of the traditional broad bean with rice stubble, the corresponding yield of fresh pods/dry seeds is improved by more than 30%, and the biological yield is improved by more than 1 time. And the spring broad beans planted in rice stubble can not only generate considerable economic benefits and meet the demand of people on plant protein, but also nourish the soil, improve the soil, increase the organic matter of the soil, reduce the frequency of fertilization and pesticide application, and achieve the purposes of cost saving, efficiency improvement, green and low carbon.
The foregoing description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological and efficient rice stubble broad bean planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
after the rice is normally harvested, no-tillage planting is carried out on a field to form a plurality of dead furrows so as to determine planting beds, so that one planting bed is formed between two adjacent dead furrows, the width of each dead furrow is 0.2m, the depth of each dead furrow is 0.3 m, and the width of each planting bed is 2.8 m;
determining three planting rows in each planting bed, wherein a blank row is formed between two adjacent planting rows in each planting bed, and the width of the blank row is 1.2 meters;
spreading the crushed straws of the rice in the blank rows;
transplanting the vernalized broad bean seedlings into each planting line;
spraying a foliar fertilizer for preventing and treating aphids by using acetamiprid in combination with the vernalized broad bean seedlings in the planting rows in the initial aphid development period, wherein the foliar fertilizer is 1% urea aqueous solution;
after beginning of spring, carrying out micro-tillage mechanical weeding on the blank row, and simultaneously carrying out chemical weeding on the dead furrow;
harvesting fresh bean pods of the vernalized broad bean seedlings of part of the planting ridges at proper time, and harvesting dry bean pods of the vernalized broad bean seedlings of the rest planting ridges;
after the fresh bean pods or the dry bean pods are harvested, crushing, harrowing and returning the straws of the vernalized broad bean seedlings to the field;
making the planting bed where the fresh bean pods are harvested at proper time into a seedling bed for cultivating seedlings;
forming the planting bed for harvesting the dried bean pods into a first-stage paddy field block;
pulling out the seedlings of the seedling bed and forming the seedling bed into a second-stage paddy field block;
transplanting the seedlings to the first-stage paddy field blocks and the second-stage paddy field blocks until the rice is normally harvested to finish a rice stubble broad bean planting period.
2. The ecological and efficient broad bean planting method for rice stubble disclosed by claim 1, wherein the distance between the planting rows on two opposite sides in the planting furrows and the furrow edge is 0.2m.
3. The ecological and efficient broad bean planting method for rice stubble broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the vernalized broad bean seedlings in the planting rows is 0.2m, and 3300-3400 broad bean seedlings are planted per mu.
4. The ecological and efficient broad bean planting method for rice stubble according to claim 1, wherein after the straw crushing, harrowing and returning to the field are carried out on the vernalized broad bean seedlings, commercial organic fertilizer is applied in a broadcast mode at 1000 kg/mu, and water retting is carried out.
5. The ecologically efficient method for planting broad beans planted in rice stubbles as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the furrow is subjected to chemical weeding, a herbicide is applied by directionally isolating the weeds in the furrow.
6. The ecologically efficient method for planting broad beans planted in rice stubble as claimed in claim 5, wherein the herbicide is glufosinate-ammonium.
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| 吴一梅;吴春芳;刘田;: "沿江沙壤土地区大棚鲜食蚕豆―水稻生态高效种植模式", 农业科技通讯, no. 03, pages 161 - 163 * |
| 张杏花;: "剑川县蚕豆高产栽培技术", 中国农技推广, no. 12 * |
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