CN115338401A - Powder treatment method of high-specific-gravity tungsten alloy - Google Patents
Powder treatment method of high-specific-gravity tungsten alloy Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/145—Chemical treatment, e.g. passivation or decarburisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tungsten alloys, and particularly discloses a method for treating powder of a high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: placing tungsten alloy powder in a plasma irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and obtaining an irradiation material after irradiation is finished; step two: uniformly stirring the irradiated material in 5-9 times of a pre-modifier, washing with water, and drying to obtain a pretreated material; step three: then adding grinding modifier accounting for 10-15% of the total amount of the pretreatment material, and uniformly mixing; step four: sending the mixture into a grinder for grinding treatment; step five: and finally, carrying out thermal improvement treatment, and finishing the treatment. According to the invention, the tungsten alloy powder is treated by plasma to improve the activity degree, and then is modified by the pre-modifier, so that the modified powder can be better matched and combined with the grinding modifier, the tungsten alloy is ground and modified by graphene, and the two processes are mutually cooperated and synergistic, so that the toughness, density and wear resistance of the product are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tungsten alloys, in particular to a method for treating powder of a high-specific gravity tungsten alloy.
Background
Tungsten alloy is an alloy formed by adding other elements based on tungsten. Among metals, tungsten has the highest melting point, good high-temperature strength, creep resistance, heat conduction, electric conduction and electron emission performance and large specific gravity, and is widely used in the electronic and electric light source industries and also used for manufacturing rocket nozzles, die-casting dies, armor-piercing bullet cores, contacts, heating elements, heat shields and the like in the departments of aerospace, casting, weapons and the like besides being used for manufacturing hard alloys and being used as alloy additives in large quantities.
The prior art treatment process for tungsten alloy powder is difficult to improve the toughness, density performance and wear resistance, has low comprehensive treatment efficiency and needs further optimization and improvement treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for processing powder of high specific gravity tungsten alloy, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the invention provides a method for treating powder of a high specific gravity tungsten alloy, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing tungsten alloy powder in a plasma irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and obtaining an irradiation material after irradiation is finished;
step two: uniformly stirring the irradiated material in 5-9 times of a pre-modifier, washing with water, and drying to obtain a pretreated material;
step three: then adding grinding modifier accounting for 10-15% of the total amount of the pretreatment material, and uniformly mixing;
step four: sending the mixture into a grinder for grinding treatment;
step five: and finally, carrying out thermal improvement treatment, and finishing the treatment.
Preferably, the irradiation power of the plasma irradiation box treatment is 300-400W, and the irradiation time is 20-30min.
Preferably, the preparation method of the pre-modifier comprises the following steps:
s01: adding 5-10 parts of sodium alkyl sulfonate and 1-3 parts of chitosan into 10-15 parts of deionized water, then adding 6-10 parts of sodium alginate solution, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain pre-base solution;
s02: adding 2-5 parts of lanthanum sulfate and 1-3 parts of trisodium isocitrate into 5-10 parts of hydrochloric acid solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a modified conditioner;
s03: adding the modified conditioner into the pre-base solution according to the weight ratio of 1:5, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain the pre-modifier.
The inventor of the invention finds that the density, impact toughness and wear resistance of the product are obviously poor without adopting the pre-modifier treatment, and meanwhile, the product performance has a tendency of deterioration without adopting the grinding modifier treatment, and the pre-modifier is prepared without adding the modified conditioner and the sodium alkyl sulfonate, so that the raw material preparation methods of the product are different, and the product performance is different;
the inventor of the invention finds that 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate is not added in the preparation of the grinding modifier, and the graphene is replaced by bentonite, so that the performance of the product tends to be poor, and the performance improvement effect of the product is obvious only by adopting the grinding modifier of the invention to be matched with a pre-modifier for treatment;
by adopting the process treatment of the invention, the density, impact toughness and wear resistance of the prepared product can achieve the coordinated improvement effect, and the effect of the invention can not be realized by adopting other methods for replacement.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 5-10%.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution is 10-15%.
Preferably, the preparation method of the grinding modifier comprises the following steps: and (2) sending the graphene into deionized water of which the volume is 3-5 times that of the graphene, uniformly dispersing the graphene, adding 1-3 parts of phosphoric acid buffer solution and 0.2-0.6 part of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, continuously stirring the mixture uniformly, and finally washing and drying the mixture to obtain the grinding modifier.
Preferably, the pH value of the phosphoric acid buffer solution is 5.5-6.0.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the grinding treatment is 1000-1500r/min, and the grinding time is 25-35min.
Preferably, the step of thermally modifying treatment is: treating at 300-350 deg.C for 10-20min, heating to 500 deg.C at a rate of 2-5 deg.C/min, maintaining for 5-10min, and air cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, the air cooling is carried out by adopting air with the flow rate of 5-10L/min, and the air temperature is 5-10 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the heavy tungsten alloy, the powder of the heavy tungsten alloy is treated by plasma to improve the activity degree, and then is modified by the pre-modifier, the modified powder can be well matched and combined with the grinding modifier, the tungsten alloy is ground and modified by the graphene, and the two processes are mutually synergistic and synergistic, so that the toughness, density and wear resistance of the product are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present embodiment provides a method for processing powder of high specific gravity tungsten alloy, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a powder treatment method of a high specific gravity tungsten alloy, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing tungsten alloy powder in a plasma irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and obtaining an irradiation material after irradiation is finished;
step two: uniformly stirring the irradiated material in 5-9 times of a pre-modifier, washing with water, and drying to obtain a pretreated material;
step three: then adding grinding modifier which accounts for 10-15% of the total amount of the pretreatment material, and uniformly mixing;
step four: sending the mixture into a grinder for grinding treatment;
step five: and finally, carrying out thermal improvement treatment, and finishing the treatment.
The irradiation power of the plasma irradiation box treatment of the embodiment is 300-400W, and the irradiation time is 20-30min.
The preparation method of the pre-modifier in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s01: adding 5-10 parts of sodium alkyl sulfonate and 1-3 parts of chitosan into 10-15 parts of deionized water, then adding 6-10 parts of sodium alginate solution, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain pre-base solution;
s02: adding 2-5 parts of lanthanum sulfate and 1-3 parts of trisodium isocitrate into 5-10 parts of hydrochloric acid solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a modified conditioner;
s03: adding the modified conditioner into the pre-base solution according to the weight ratio of 1:5, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain the pre-modifier.
The mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution in this example is 5-10%.
The mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution in the embodiment is 10-15%.
The preparation method of the grinding modifier in this example is as follows: and (2) sending the graphene into deionized water of which the volume is 3-5 times that of the graphene to be uniformly dispersed, then adding 1-3 parts of phosphoric acid buffer solution and 0.2-0.6 part of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, continuously stirring uniformly, and finally washing and drying to obtain the grinding modifier.
The pH of the phosphate buffer solution of this example was 5.5-6.0.
The rotation speed of the grinding treatment in the embodiment is 1000-1500r/min, and the grinding time is 25-35min.
The steps of the thermal modification treatment of this embodiment are: treating at 300-350 deg.C for 10-20min, heating to 500 deg.C at a rate of 2-5 deg.C/min, maintaining for 5-10min, and air cooling to room temperature.
The air cooling of the embodiment adopts air with the flow rate of 5-10L/min for cooling, and the air temperature is 5-10 ℃.
Example 1.
The method for treating the powder of the high specific gravity tungsten alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing tungsten alloy powder in a plasma irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and obtaining an irradiation material after irradiation is finished;
step two: uniformly stirring the irradiation material in 5 times of the pre-modifier, washing with water, and drying to obtain a pretreatment material;
step three: then adding grinding modifier accounting for 10 percent of the total amount of the pretreatment material, and uniformly mixing;
step four: sending the mixture into a grinder for grinding treatment;
step five: and finally, carrying out thermal improvement treatment, and finishing the treatment.
The irradiation power of the plasma irradiation box treatment of the embodiment is 300W, and the irradiation time is 20min.
The preparation method of the pre-modifier in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s01: adding 5 parts of sodium alkyl sulfonate and 1 part of chitosan into 10 parts of deionized water, then adding 6 parts of sodium alginate solution, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain pre-base solution;
s02: adding 2 parts of lanthanum sulfate and 1 part of trisodium isocitrate into 5 parts of hydrochloric acid solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a modified conditioner;
s03: adding the modified conditioner into the pre-base solution according to the weight ratio of 1:5, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain the pre-modifier.
The mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution in this example was 5%.
The mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution in this example was 10%.
The preparation method of the grinding modifier in this example is as follows: and (2) sending the graphene into deionized water of which the volume is 3 times that of the graphene to be uniformly dispersed, then adding 1 part of phosphoric acid buffer solution and 0.2 part of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, continuously stirring uniformly, and finally washing and drying to obtain the grinding modifier.
The pH of the phosphate buffer solution of this example was 5.5.
The rotation speed of the polishing treatment in this example was 1000r/min, and the polishing time was 25min.
The steps of the thermal modification treatment of this embodiment are: treating at 300 deg.C for 10min, heating to 500 deg.C at 2 deg.C/min, maintaining for 5min, and air cooling to room temperature.
The air cooling of this example was carried out using air at a flow rate of 5L/min and an air temperature of 5 ℃.
Example 2.
The method for treating the powder of the high specific gravity tungsten alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing tungsten alloy powder in a plasma irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and obtaining an irradiation material after irradiation is finished;
step two: uniformly stirring the irradiation material in 9 times of the pre-modifier, washing with water, and drying to obtain a pretreatment material;
step three: then adding grinding modifier accounting for 15 percent of the total amount of the pretreatment material, and uniformly mixing;
step four: sending the mixture into a grinder for grinding treatment;
step five: and finally, carrying out thermal improvement treatment, and finishing the treatment.
The irradiation power of the plasma irradiation box treatment in the embodiment is 400W, and the irradiation time is 30min.
The preparation method of the pre-modifier in this example is as follows:
s01: adding 10 parts of sodium alkyl sulfonate and 3 parts of chitosan into 15 parts of deionized water, then adding 10 parts of sodium alginate solution, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain pre-base solution;
s02: adding 5 parts of lanthanum sulfate and 3 parts of isocitric acid trisodium salt into 10 parts of hydrochloric acid solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a modified conditioner;
s03: adding the modified conditioner into the pre-base solution according to the weight ratio of 1:5, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain the pre-modifier.
The mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution in this example was 10%.
The mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution in this example was 15%.
The preparation method of the grinding modifier in this example is as follows: and (2) sending the graphene into 5 times of deionized water for uniform dispersion, then adding 3 parts of phosphoric acid buffer solution and 0.6 part of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, continuously stirring uniformly, and finally washing and drying to obtain the grinding modifier.
The pH of the phosphoric acid buffer solution of this example was 6.0.
The rotation speed of the polishing treatment in this example was 1500r/min, and the polishing time was 35min.
The steps of the thermal modification treatment of this embodiment are: treating at 350 deg.C for 20min, heating to 500 deg.C at 5 deg.C/min, maintaining for 10min, and air cooling to room temperature.
The air cooling of this example was carried out using 10L/min of air at a temperature of 10 ℃.
Example 3.
The method for treating the powder of the high specific gravity tungsten alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing tungsten alloy powder in a plasma irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and obtaining an irradiation material after irradiation is finished;
step two: uniformly stirring the irradiation material in 7 times of the pre-modifier, washing with water, and drying to obtain a pretreatment material;
step three: then adding grinding modifier accounting for 12.5 percent of the total amount of the pretreatment material, and uniformly mixing;
step four: sending the mixture into a grinder for grinding treatment;
step five: and finally, carrying out thermal improvement treatment, and finishing the treatment.
The irradiation power of the plasma irradiation box treatment in the embodiment is 350W, and the irradiation time is 25min.
The preparation method of the pre-modifier in this example is as follows:
s01: adding 7.5 parts of sodium alkyl sulfonate and 2 parts of chitosan into 12.5 parts of deionized water, then adding 8 parts of sodium alginate solution, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain pre-base solution;
s02: adding 3.5 parts of lanthanum sulfate and 2 parts of trisodium isocitrate into 7.5 parts of hydrochloric acid solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a modified conditioner;
s03: adding the modified conditioner into the pre-base solution according to the weight ratio of 1:5, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain the pre-modifier.
The mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution in this example was 7.5%.
The mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution in this example was 12.5%.
The preparation method of the grinding modifier in this example is as follows: sending graphene into deionized water of 4 times, dispersing uniformly, adding 2 parts of phosphoric acid buffer solution and 0.4 part of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, continuously stirring uniformly, and finally washing and drying to obtain the grinding modifier.
The pH of the phosphate buffer solution of this example was 5.7.
The rotation speed of the grinding treatment in this example was 1250r/min, and the grinding time was 30min.
The steps of the thermal improvement treatment of the embodiment are as follows: treating at 325 deg.C for 15min, heating to 500 deg.C at 3 deg.C/min, maintaining for 7.5min, and air cooling to room temperature.
The air cooling of this example was carried out using air at a flow rate of 7.5L/min and an air temperature of 7.5 ℃.
Example 4.
The method for treating the powder of the high specific gravity tungsten alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing tungsten alloy powder in a plasma irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and obtaining an irradiation material after irradiation is finished;
step two: the irradiated material is then uniformly stirred in 6 times of the pre-modifier, and then is washed and dried to obtain a pre-treated material;
step three: then adding grinding modifier accounting for 12 percent of the total amount of the pretreatment material, and uniformly mixing;
step four: sending the mixture into a grinder for grinding treatment;
step five: and finally, carrying out thermal improvement treatment, and finishing the treatment.
The irradiation power of the plasma irradiation box treatment of the embodiment is 320W, and the irradiation time is 22min.
The preparation method of the pre-modifier in this example is as follows:
s01: adding 6 parts of sodium alkylsulfonate and 2 parts of chitosan into 12 parts of deionized water, then adding 7 parts of sodium alginate solution, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain pre-base solution;
s02: adding 3 parts of lanthanum sulfate and 2 parts of trisodium isocitrate into 6 parts of hydrochloric acid solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a modified conditioner;
s03: adding the modified conditioner into the pre-base solution according to the weight ratio of 1:5, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain the pre-modifier.
The mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution in this example was 6%.
The mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution in this example was 12%.
The preparation method of the grinding modifier in this example is as follows: sending graphene into deionized water of 4 times, dispersing uniformly, adding 2 parts of phosphoric acid buffer solution and 0.3 part of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, continuously stirring uniformly, and finally washing and drying to obtain the grinding modifier.
The pH of the phosphate buffer solution of this example was 5.6.
The rotation speed of the polishing treatment in this example was 1200r/min, and the polishing time was 26min.
The steps of the thermal modification treatment of this embodiment are: treating at 310 deg.C for 12min, heating to 500 deg.C at 3 deg.C/min, maintaining for 6min, and air cooling to room temperature.
The air cooling of the embodiment adopts air with the flow rate of 5-10L/min for cooling, and the air temperature is 5-10 ℃.
Comparative example 1.
Unlike example 3, no pre-modifier treatment was used.
Comparative example 2.
Unlike example 3, no modified conditioning agent was added to the preparation of the pre-modifier.
Comparative example 3.
Unlike example 3, no trisodium isocitrate was added to the preparation of the modified conditioner.
Comparative example 4.
The difference from example 3 is that no sodium alkyl sulfonate was added to the preparation of the pre-modifier.
Comparative example 5.
Unlike example 3, no treatment with the grinding modifier was used.
Comparative example 6.
In contrast to example 3, no 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was added to the grinding modifier preparation.
Comparative example 7.
The difference from example 3 is that the graphene in the grinding modifier is replaced by bentonite.
Comparative example 8.
Unlike example 3, no thermal modification treatment was used.
An ML-100 type abrasive wear testing machine is adopted to measure the alloy wear performance;
the products of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-8 were subjected to performance tests;
as can be seen from comparative examples 1 to 8 and examples 1 to 4;
according to the invention, a pre-modifier is not adopted for treatment, the density, impact toughness and wear resistance of the product are obviously reduced, meanwhile, a grinding modifier is not adopted for treatment, the performance of the product also has a reduction trend, a modified conditioner and sodium alkylsulfonate are not added in the preparation of the pre-modifier, the raw material preparation methods of the product are different, the performance of the product is different, meanwhile, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is not added in the preparation of the grinding modifier, and graphene is replaced by bentonite, the performance of the product has a reduction trend, and only the grinding modifier disclosed by the invention is adopted to be matched with the pre-modifier for treatment, the performance improvement effect of the product is obvious;
by adopting the process treatment of the invention, the density, impact toughness and wear resistance of the prepared product can achieve the coordinated improvement effect, and the effect of the invention can not be realized by adopting other methods for replacement.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The method for treating the powder of the high specific gravity tungsten alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: placing tungsten alloy powder in a plasma irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and obtaining an irradiation material after irradiation is finished;
step two: uniformly stirring the irradiated material in 5-9 times of a pre-modifier, washing with water, and drying to obtain a pretreated material;
step three: then adding grinding modifier accounting for 10-15% of the total amount of the pretreatment material, and uniformly mixing;
step four: sending the mixture into a grinder for grinding treatment;
step five: and finally, carrying out thermal improvement treatment, and finishing the treatment.
2. The method for processing the powder of the high specific gravity tungsten alloy according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation power of the plasma irradiation box is 300-400W, and the irradiation time is 20-30min.
3. The method for processing the powder of the high specific gravity tungsten alloy according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the pre-modifier comprises the following steps:
s01: adding 5-10 parts of sodium alkyl sulfonate and 1-3 parts of chitosan into 10-15 parts of deionized water, then adding 6-10 parts of sodium alginate solution, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain pre-base solution;
s02: adding 2-5 parts of lanthanum sulfate and 1-3 parts of trisodium isocitrate into 5-10 parts of hydrochloric acid solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a modified conditioner;
s03: adding the modified conditioner into the pre-base solution according to the weight ratio of 1:5, and stirring and mixing fully to obtain the pre-modifier.
4. The method for processing powder of high specific gravity tungsten alloy according to claim 3, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 5 to 10%.
5. The method for processing the powder of the high specific gravity tungsten alloy according to claim 3, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution is 10-15%.
6. The method for processing the powder of the high specific gravity tungsten alloy according to claim 1, wherein the grinding modifier is prepared by the following steps: and (2) sending the graphene into deionized water of which the volume is 3-5 times that of the graphene to be uniformly dispersed, then adding 1-3 parts of phosphoric acid buffer solution and 0.2-0.6 part of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, continuously stirring uniformly, and finally washing and drying to obtain the grinding modifier.
7. The method for processing powder of high specific gravity tungsten alloy according to claim 6, wherein the pH of the phosphoric acid buffer solution is 5.5 to 6.0.
8. The method for processing the powder of the high specific gravity tungsten alloy according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the grinding treatment is 1000-1500r/min, and the grinding time is 25-35min.
9. The method for powder treatment of high specific gravity tungsten alloy according to claim 1, wherein the thermal improvement treatment comprises the steps of: treating at 300-350 deg.C for 10-20min, heating to 500 deg.C at a rate of 2-5 deg.C/min, maintaining for 5-10min, and air cooling to room temperature.
10. The method for powder treatment of high specific gravity tungsten alloy according to claim 9, wherein the air cooling is performed by using air at a flow rate of 5 to 10L/min, and the air temperature is 5 to 10 ℃.
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