CN115326574B - Direct tensile experimental apparatus of rock under triaxial loading - Google Patents
Direct tensile experimental apparatus of rock under triaxial loading Download PDFInfo
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- CN115326574B CN115326574B CN202210885417.5A CN202210885417A CN115326574B CN 115326574 B CN115326574 B CN 115326574B CN 202210885417 A CN202210885417 A CN 202210885417A CN 115326574 B CN115326574 B CN 115326574B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct stretching experimental instrument for rock under triaxial loading, which comprises an instrument table, wherein the top of the instrument table is provided with an operation frame, the left side surface and the right side surface of the operation frame are respectively provided with a laser centering component and a transmission component, the transmission components are positioned below the corresponding laser centering components, a mounting plate is connected between the two transmission components, and the top surface of the mounting plate and the bottom surface of the top of the operation frame are symmetrically provided with two annular lever clamping connection components for fixing a sample; the top of the instrument table is also provided with a clamping guard arm centering device for clamping the sample; the direct tensile experimental instrument further comprises a confining pressure applying device, and the confining pressure applying device is detachably connected with the test sample. The invention not only can restore the three-dimensional stress environment of the rock in the actual engineering, but also greatly improves the efficiency and the precision of the direct tensile test of the rock under the triaxial loading.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock material mechanics experiment testing instruments, in particular to a direct stretching experimental instrument for rock under triaxial loading.
Background
In actual underground rock engineering, underground surrounding rocks are in a complex three-dimensional stress field before excavation, and rock destruction is usually caused by the change of the existing stress state of the rocks, so that the research on the mechanical properties of the rocks in a triaxial stress state can simulate the real stress environment of the rocks, and the research has become a main trend in the development of rock mechanics and engineering. Particularly, the test of the axial direct tensile strength of the rock under triaxial loading belongs to the difficult problem which needs to be solved urgently in the rock indoor mechanical test. The invention patent with the patent number ZL201611187539.8 discloses a rock tensile strength testing device capable of applying confining pressure, and solves the problem of testing the tensile strength of a sample under different confining pressure conditions to a certain extent, but the technology aims at the indirect splitting tensile sample of the rock, namely the Brazilian disc test, and compared with the direct tensile test, the Brazilian disc test result has obvious errors, so that the technical scheme does not solve the problem of the direct tensile test of the rock under triaxial loading; in addition, when a sample is fixed, the existing triaxial rock-loading direct tensile experimental device may have the situation that the tensile force axis and the sample axis are not on the same straight line, so that the experimental precision is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention aims to provide a direct tensile experimental instrument for rocks under triaxial loading, which can not only restore the three-dimensional stress environment of the rocks in practical engineering, but also greatly improve the efficiency and the precision of direct tensile testing of the rocks under triaxial loading, and is suitable for samples with different axial dimensions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
direct tensile laboratory glassware of rock under triaxial loading, including the instrument desk, its characterized in that: the top of the instrument table is provided with an operation frame, the left side surface and the right side surface of the operation frame are respectively provided with a laser centering assembly and a transmission assembly, the transmission assemblies are positioned below the corresponding laser centering assemblies, an installation plate is connected between the two transmission assemblies, and the top surface of the installation plate and the bottom surface of the top of the operation frame are symmetrically provided with two annular lever clamping connection assemblies for fixing a sample; the top of the instrument table is also provided with a clamping guard arm centering device for clamping the sample;
the direct tensile experimental instrument further comprises a confining pressure applying device, and the confining pressure applying device is detachably connected with the test sample.
Furthermore, the laser centering assembly comprises arc-shaped grooves formed in the left side surface and the right side surface of the operation frame, the arc-shaped grooves are circular by taking the pulling force axis as a circle, and the distances between any point on the side walls of the two arc-shaped grooves and the pulling force axis are the same;
a plurality of lasers are uniformly distributed in each arc-shaped groove.
Furthermore, the annular lever clamping and connecting assembly comprises a connecting piece, and one end of the connecting piece, which is far away from the test sample, is fixedly connected with the top of the corresponding mounting plate or the top of the operating frame;
the connecting piece is equipped with swivel nut outward in the rotation, swivel nut female connection has the screw sleeve subassembly, the screw sleeve subassembly slip cover is established outside the connecting piece, just the screw sleeve subassembly is kept away from swivel nut one side with swing joint has a plurality of supporting rods that are used for carrying out the centre gripping to the sample between the connecting piece free end.
Furthermore, the connecting piece comprises a connecting column and a connecting cylinder, the connecting cylinder is fixedly connected with one end of the connecting column, which is far away from the mounting plate or the operating frame, a circle of rotating groove is formed in the connecting column, and a circle of connecting ring matched with the rotating groove is arranged on the inner side wall of the rotating nut;
the threaded sleeve assembly comprises a threaded sleeve in threaded connection with the rotating nut, a disc is fixedly arranged at one end, away from the rotating nut, of the threaded sleeve, a through hole corresponding to the threaded sleeve is formed in the center of the disc, a sample penetrates through the center of the threaded sleeve and the through hole, a plurality of limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the through hole, a limiting groove is formed between every two adjacent limiting blocks, and a plurality of clamping blocks matched with the limiting grooves are fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the connecting cylinder;
one end of the connecting cylinder, which is far away from the connecting column, is provided with a plurality of first connecting grooves used for being connected with the clamping rods.
Furthermore, a plurality of hinged parts are symmetrically arranged on one side face, away from the rotating nut, of the disc, each hinged part comprises a sliding wheel, hinged shafts connected with the clamping rods are fixedly arranged on two sides of each sliding wheel, the sliding wheels are in rolling connection with the disc, and second connecting grooves are formed in one ends, connected with the hinged parts, of the clamping rods.
Furthermore, centre gripping armguard centering device is including fixing the fixed axle at instrument desk top, sliding connection has two spacing buckles on the fixed axle, two be equipped with centre gripping armguard subassembly between the spacing buckle.
Further, spacing buckle includes spacing frame, one side of spacing frame is equipped with the opening, the latch segment has all been set firmly at the open-ended both ends, two be connected with lock nut between the latch segment, the connecting block has set firmly in the spacing frame, offer on the connecting block be used for with the connecting hole that the arm subassembly is connected to the centre gripping armguard, spacing frame with form the centre gripping hole between the connecting block, the centre gripping hole with the fixed axle phase-match.
Furthermore, centre gripping armguard subassembly includes first centre gripping arm and second centre gripping arm, first centre gripping arm with second centre gripping arm swing joint, the second centre gripping arm is kept away from the one end swing joint of first centre gripping arm has two armguards, two the armguard symmetry sets up.
Furthermore, confined pressure application device includes two handles, two the one end that the handle is close to each other all is connected with branch storehouse confined pressure and applys the ware, and two can dismantle the connection between the branch storehouse confined pressure applys the ware, two the one end that the handle kept away from each other all is connected with the confined pressure controller.
Further, divide storehouse confined pressure to apply ware to include rigid semicircle board, the leading edge and the rear edge department of semicircle board all are equipped with the electromagnetism outer edge, just be equipped with the flexible sleeve on the inside wall of semicircle board, the intercommunication is equipped with a plurality of and encloses the pipe, and is a plurality of on the flexible sleeve enclose and press the pipe to run through enclose press the same oil pressure storehouse of semicircle board after-connection, all oil pressure storehouses with semicircle board fixed connection.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the improvement that,
1. the direct tensile experimental instrument for rock under triaxial loading introduces a laser technology, arc-shaped grooves are formed in the left side surface and the right side surface of an operation frame, the distances between any point on the side wall of each arc-shaped groove and a tension axis are the same, lasers are arranged in the arc-shaped grooves, when the distances from all laser beams to the surface of a sample are equal everywhere, the axis of the sample and the tension axis are on the same axis, namely, the centering operation is finished, so that the rapid and accurate centering of the sample and a vacuum sleeve assembly can be realized.
2. According to the direct tensile experimental instrument for rocks under triaxial loading, a sample is fixed through the annular lever clamping and connecting assembly, the inner diameter of a circular space enclosed by the end part of the clamping rod can be adjusted by rotating the rotary nut, large hoop pressure can be provided for the side wall of the sample by utilizing the characteristic that the power arm of the lever is far larger than the resistance arm, the fixed connection of the sample is realized under the action of friction force, the connecting piece not only can play a role in connecting the rotary nut, the threaded sleeve assembly and the clamping rod, but also can be used for fixing samples with different axial sizes through the arrangement of the connecting cylinder, the length of the sample inserted into the connecting cylinder is adjusted according to the size of the sample, the mutual correspondence between the axis of the sample and the pulling force axis and the laser centering assembly is ensured, and the experimental precision is further improved.
3. According to the direct tensile experimental instrument for rock under triaxial loading, the sample is horizontally moved through the clamping and protecting arm centering device, the sample can be rapidly moved between the two annular lever clamping and connecting assemblies, the annular lever clamping and connecting assemblies are assisted to perform centering and fixing on the sample, meanwhile, the limiting buckle moves on the fixed shaft to drive the clamping and protecting arm assembly to move up and down, so that the samples with different axial sizes can be subjected to centering and fixing operation, the samples and the pulling force axis are ensured to be in the same straight line, and the horizontal centering operation in the sample installation process is facilitated.
4. According to the direct tensile experimental instrument for rocks under triaxial loading, confining pressure is uniformly applied to the periphery of a sample through the confining pressure applying device, the design idea of rigidity outside and flexibility inside the material of the confining pressure applying device enables the internal flexible material and the sample to be tightly combined, the distribution of the confining pressure on the periphery of the sample is uniform, and the direct tensile experiment of the sample under different confining pressures can be carried out through the mutual matching of the confining pressure controller and the oil pressure liquid in the flexible material.
5. The direct tensile experimental instrument of the rock under triaxial loading can not only restore the three-dimensional stress environment of the rock in actual engineering on the whole, but also greatly improve the efficiency and the precision of the direct tensile test of the rock under triaxial loading.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rock direct tension experimental instrument under triaxial loading.
Fig. 2 is an isometric view of an operation frame structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the structure of the operation frame of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the position relationship between the annular lever clamp connection assembly and the operation frame and mounting plate of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an isometric view of an annular lever clamp connection assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the annular lever clamp connection assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the connector of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the swivel nut of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a threaded sleeve assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the clamping rod of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a hinge assembly according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a clamp arm guard centering device according to the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a limiting buckle structure of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a clamp arm guard assembly according to the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a confining pressure applying apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a schematic view of the structure of the bin confining pressure applicator of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-instrument table, 2-operation frame, 3-laser centering component, 301-arc groove, 302-laser, 4-mounting plate, 5-sample, 6-annular lever clamping connecting component, 601-connecting component, 6011-connecting column, 6012-connecting cylinder, 6013-rotating groove, 6014-fixture block, 6015-first connecting groove, 6016-hinged ring, 602-rotating nut, 6021-connecting ring, 603-threaded sleeve component, 6031-threaded sleeve, 6032-disc, 6033-through hole, 6034-limiting block, 6035-limiting groove, 604-clamping rod, 6041-second connecting groove, 605-hinged part, 6051-sliding wheel, 6052-hinged shaft, 7-transmission component, 8-clamping and guard arm centering device, 801-fixing shaft, 802-limiting buckle, 8021-limiting frame, 8022-locking block, 8023-clamping hole, 8024-connecting block, 8025-connecting hole, 8026-locking nut, 803-clamping and guard arm assembly, 8031-first clamping arm, 8032-second clamping arm, 8033-guard arm, 9-confining pressure applying device, 901-handle, 902-bin-dividing confining pressure applying device, 9021-semicircular plate, 9022-electromagnetic outer edge, 9023-flexible sleeve, 9024-confining pressure pipe, 9025-oil pressure bin, 903-confining pressure controller, 9031-oil pressure power supply, 9032-oil pressure size controller and 9033-magnet power switch.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Referring to the direct tensile experimental apparatus of rock under triaxial loading shown in the accompanying drawings 1-16, which comprises an instrument table 1, wherein the top of the instrument table 1 is provided with an operation frame 2, the operation frame 2 comprises a left side plate, a right side plate and a top plate, the left side plate, the right side plate and the top plate are fixedly connected to form a right-angle arch structure, the left side surface and the right side surface of the operation frame 2 are respectively provided with a laser centering assembly 3, a mounting plate 4 is slidably connected between the left side surface and the right side surface of the operation frame 2, and the top surface of the mounting plate 4 and the bottom surface of the operation frame 2 are symmetrically provided with two annular lever clamping connection assemblies 6 for fixing a sample 5; the top of the instrument table 1 is also provided with a clamping guard arm centering device 8 for clamping the sample 5;
the direct tensile experimental instrument further comprises a confining pressure applying device 9, and the confining pressure applying device 9 is detachably connected with the test sample 5.
Specifically, the symmetry is equipped with two transfer module 7 on the left surface and the right flank of operation frame 2, two transfer module 7 is all to the below of the laser centering subassembly 3 that corresponds, mounting panel 4's both sides and the transfer module 7 fixed connection that corresponds each other can drive mounting panel 4 through transfer module 7 and reciprocate, can directly stretch sample 5 when mounting panel 4 moves down, transfer module 7 can adopt current mechanisms such as conveyer belt or hydraulic stem, as long as can drive mounting panel 4 and reciprocate can.
The laser centering assembly 3 comprises arc-shaped grooves 301 formed in the left side surface and the right side surface of the operation frame 2, the arc-shaped grooves 301 are circular by taking a pulling force axis as a circle, and the distances between any point on the side walls of the two arc-shaped grooves 301 and the pulling force axis are the same; a plurality of lasers 302 are uniformly distributed in each arc-shaped groove 301. When the arc-shaped groove 301 is processed, the pulling force axis is taken as a circle, the circle is cut with the left side plate and the right side plate of the operation frame 2, and the groove is carved, so that the distance from each point on the groove to the pulling force axis is equal everywhere, and similarly, when the axis of the sample 5 is superposed with the pulling force axis, the distance from the laser 302 to the surface of the sample 5 is also equal everywhere, therefore, the computer can quickly judge whether the axis of the sample 5 is superposed with the pulling force axis by measuring the distance from the laser 302 to the surface of the sample 5, and analyzing the error of the axis position of the sample 5 by analyzing the measured distance data through the computer.
Further, the annular lever clamping and connecting assembly 6 comprises a connecting piece 601, and one end of the connecting piece 601, which is far away from the test sample 5, is fixedly connected with the top of the corresponding mounting plate 4 or the top of the operation frame 2;
the connecting piece 601 rotates outward and is equipped with swivel nut 602, swivel nut 602 female connection has threaded sleeve subassembly 603, threaded sleeve subassembly 603 slip cover is established outside the connecting piece 601, just threaded sleeve subassembly 603 is kept away from swivel nut 602 a side with swing joint has a plurality of clamping rods 604 that are used for carrying out the centre gripping to sample 5 between the connecting piece 601 free end.
More specifically, the connecting piece 601 includes a connecting column 6011 and a connecting cylinder 6012, the connecting column 6011 is used to be connected with the top of the mounting plate 4 or the operation frame 2, the connecting cylinder 6012 is fixedly connected with one end of the connecting column 6011 far away from the mounting plate 4 or the operation frame 2, a circle of rotation groove 6013 is formed in the connecting column 6011, a circle of connecting ring 6021 matched with the rotation groove 6013 is arranged on the inner side wall of the rotating nut 602, and the connecting ring 6021 is clamped in the rotation groove 6013, so that the rotating nut 602 can rotate around the connecting piece 601.
The threaded sleeve component 603 comprises a threaded sleeve 6031 in threaded connection with the rotating nut 602, an external thread used for being in threaded connection with the rotating nut 602 is arranged on the outer side face of the threaded sleeve 6031, the center of the threaded sleeve 6031 is of a hollow structure and used for the connecting piece 601 to pass through, a disc 6032 is fixedly arranged at one end, away from the rotating nut 602, of the threaded sleeve 6031, a through hole 6033 corresponding to the threaded sleeve 6031 is formed in the center of the disc 6032, the sample 5 penetrates through the center of the threaded sleeve 6031 and the through hole 6033, a plurality of limiting blocks 6034 are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the through hole 6033, a limiting groove 6035 is formed between every two adjacent limiting blocks 6034, and a plurality of clamping blocks 6014 matched with the limiting grooves 6035 are fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the connecting cylinder 6012; the outer diameter of the connecting cylinder 6012 is smaller than that of the connecting cylinder 6011, the outer diameter of the fixture block 6014 is the same as that of the connecting cylinder 6011, the connecting cylinder 6012 and the fixture block 6014 are fixedly connected to form an integral structure, the fixture block 6014 and the limiting groove 6035 are matched with each other, the rotating nut 602 is rotated, and the threaded sleeve component 603 can only move up and down along the axial direction of the connecting cylinder 6012.
A plurality of first connecting grooves 6015 that are used for with the clamping rod 604 is connected are seted up to connecting cylinder 6012 keep away from the one end of spliced pole 6011, the disc 6032 is kept away from the symmetry is equipped with a plurality of articulated elements 605 on the side of swivel nut 602, articulated element 605 includes the movable pulley 6051, the both sides of movable pulley 6051 all set firmly with the articulated shaft 6052 that the clamping rod 604 is connected, movable pulley 6051 with disc 6032 roll connection, clamping rod 604 with the one end that articulated element 605 is connected has seted up second connecting groove 6041, articulated element 605 is located in the second connecting groove 6041, just articulated shaft 6052 with the lateral wall of second 6041 rotates to be connected, clamping rod 604 with the one end that connecting cylinder 6012 is connected is located the first connecting groove 6015 that corresponds, just the tip of articulated rod 604 with first connecting groove 6015 is articulated to be connected, and a plurality of running through between the first connecting groove 6015 is equipped with a circular shape articulated ring 6016, clamping rod 604 is close to the end department cover and is established on articulated ring 6016, and clamping rod 604 rotates round 6016 with one end of clamping ring 6016. When the rotating nut 602 is rotated, the threaded sleeve component 603 moves up and down, that is, the disk 6032 moves up and down, so that the sliding wheel 6051 is driven to roll on the disk 6032, the clamping rod 604 is driven to rotate, the angle changes, the diameter of a circular space enclosed by one end of the clamping rod 604 connected with the connecting cylinder 6012 changes accordingly, the characteristic that the power arm of the lever part is far larger than the resistance arm can provide larger annular pressure for the side wall of the sample 5, the fixed connection of the sample 5 is realized under the action of friction force, in order to increase the friction force on the sample 5, one end of the clamping rod 604 connected with the connecting cylinder 6012 is of a spherical structure, and the end is provided with a thread; when the test is performed on the test samples 5 with different axial sizes, the length of the test sample 5 inserted into the connecting cylinder 6012 is adjusted according to the size of the test sample 5, so that the axial center of the test sample 5 corresponds to the pulling force axial center and the laser centering assembly 3, and the test precision can be improved.
Furthermore, the clamping arm-protecting centering device 8 comprises a fixing shaft 801 fixed on the top of the instrument desk 1, two limiting buckles 802 are connected on the fixing shaft 801 in a sliding manner, and a clamping arm-protecting assembly 803 is arranged between the two limiting buckles 802.
The fixing shaft 801 comprises two vertically arranged cubic columns, the tops of the two cubic columns are connected through a cross rod to form an integral structure, the limiting buckle 802 is sleeved on the two cubic columns, the limiting buckle 802 comprises an elastic limiting frame 8021, an opening is formed in one side of the limiting frame 8021, locking blocks 8022 are fixedly arranged at two ends of the opening, two locking blocks 8022 are connected with locking nuts 8026, the limiting frame 8021 can be fixed on the fixing shaft 801 through the locking nuts 8026, the locking nuts 8026 are loosened, the limiting buckle 802 can move up and down along the fixing shaft 801, a connecting block 8024 is fixedly arranged in the limiting frame 8021, the connecting block 8024 is provided with connecting holes 8025 connected with the clamping arm protection component 803, a clamping hole 8023 is formed between the limiting frame 8021 and the connecting block 8024, the clamping hole 8023 is matched with the fixing shaft 801 (as shown in figure 13), specifically, two strip-shaped parts of the clamping hole 8023 are matched with the two cubic columns, the clamping arm protection component is located between the two cubic arm protection components 803, the clamping arm protection component 803 is connected with the two connecting holes 8025 through the intermediate shaft 803, and the two cubic columns are connected through the intermediate shaft 803, and the intermediate shaft 8025.
The clamping arm guard assembly 803 comprises a first clamping arm 8031 and a second clamping arm 8032, the first clamping arm 8031 is hinged to the second clamping arm 8032, one end, far away from the first clamping arm 8031, of the second clamping arm 8032 is hinged to two arm guards 8033, the two arm guards 8033 are symmetrically arranged, the second clamping arm 8032 is hinged to the first clamping arm 8031, so that the second clamping arm 8032 can rotate around a hinge point in the horizontal direction, the positions of the two arm guards 8033 are adjusted in the horizontal direction, the end parts of the two arm guards 8033 can be made of magnetic materials, and when the two arm guards 8033 are folded, the two arm guards can be adsorbed together, so that a sample 5 is clamped in the middle, and under the action of external force, the two arm guards 8033 can be opened, and accordingly contact with a fixing effect on the sample 5.
Further, the confining pressure applying device 9 comprises two handles 901, one end of each of the two handles 901 close to each other is connected with a sub-chamber confining pressure applying device 902, the two sub-chamber confining pressure applying devices 902 are detachably connected, and one end of each of the two handles 901 far away from each other is connected with a confining pressure controller 903.
The bin-dividing confining pressure applicator 902 comprises a rigid semicircular plate 9021, electromagnetic outer edges 9022 are arranged at the front side edge and the rear side edge of the semicircular plate 9021, the two bin-dividing confining pressure applicators 902 can be fixed together under the action of the electromagnetic outer edges 9022, a flexible sleeve 9023 is arranged on the inner side wall of the semicircular plate 9021, the interior of the flexible sleeve 9023 is divided into a plurality of chambers, oil pressure liquid is filled in the flexible sleeve 9023, a plurality of confining pressure pipes 9024 are communicated with the flexible sleeve 9023, each confining pressure pipe 9024 corresponds to one chamber, the confining pressure pipes 9024 penetrate through the semicircular plate 9021 and are connected with the same oil pressure bin 9025, all the oil pressure bins 9025 are fixedly connected with the semicircular plate 9021, the oil pressure bins 9025 are connected with a handle 901, the two handles 901 are connected with a confining pressure controller 903 through an oil main pipe, oil liquid is also filled in the confining pressure controller 903, and enters the periphery of the flexible confining pressure applicator 9023 through the oil main pipe 9025, so that the sample can be uniformly confined pressure applied to the periphery of the sample.
The confining pressure controller 903 is also provided with an oil pressure power supply 9031, an oil pressure size controller 9032 and a magnet power supply switch 9033, so that different confining pressures can be applied to the sample 5, and the fixing and the dismounting of the two sub-bin confining pressure applicators 902 are controlled.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the direct tensile experimental instrument for rock under triaxial loading is used,
the first step is as follows: adjusting the position of the mounting plate 4, and adjusting the axial size of the clamping and protecting arm centering device 8 to be matched with the axial size of the sample 5;
the second step: clamping and fixing the sample 5 by using the clamping and protecting arm centering device 8, adjusting the protecting arm 8033 in the clamping and protecting arm centering device 8 to move in the horizontal plane, moving the two ends of the sample 5 to the position between the two annular lever clamping and connecting assemblies 6, and adjusting the position of the mounting plate 4 again to enable the two ends of the sample 5 to be respectively positioned in the two annular lever clamping and connecting assemblies 6;
the third step: opening a switch of the laser 302, measuring the distance through a laser beam, transmitting data to a computer, and analyzing the error between the position of the axis of the sample 5 and the position of the axis of the tension device; meanwhile, the position of the clamping guard arm centering device 8 in the vertical direction is adjusted to be matched with the laser centering assembly 3, so that the axis of the sample 5 is superposed with the axis of the pulling force, and the centering work is finished;
the fourth step: the rotating nut 602 is rotated to drive the clamping rod 604 to rotate, so as to fixedly connect the sample 5;
the fifth step: the handle 901 of the handheld confining pressure applying device 9 is placed on two sides of the sample 5, the magnet power switch 9033 is turned on, the two sub-bin confining pressure applying devices 902 are fixed on the sample 5 under the action of strong magnetic attraction, and the oil pressure power supply 9031 is turned on to start confining pressure application on the sample 5;
and a sixth step: the confining pressure is adjusted through the oil pressure size controller 9032 to change, the mounting plate 4 is moved downwards through the conveying assembly 201 to be subjected to a tensile test, and experimental data are measured.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. Direct tensile laboratory glassware of rock under triaxial loading, including instrument desk (1), its characterized in that: an operation frame (2) is arranged at the top of the instrument table (1), laser centering components (3) and conveying components (7) are arranged on the left side face and the right side face of the operation frame (2), the conveying components (7) are located below the corresponding laser centering components (3), a mounting plate (4) is connected between the two conveying components (7), and two annular lever clamping and connecting components (6) for fixing a sample (5) are symmetrically arranged on the top face of the mounting plate (4) and the bottom face of the top of the operation frame (2); the top of the instrument table (1) is also provided with a clamping guard arm centering device (8) for clamping the sample (5);
the direct tensile experimental instrument further comprises a confining pressure applying device (9), and the confining pressure applying device (9) is detachably connected with the test sample (5);
the laser centering assembly (3) comprises arc-shaped grooves (301) formed in the left side face and the right side face of the operation frame (2), the arc-shaped grooves (301) are circular by taking a pulling force axis as a circle, and the distances between any point on the side walls of the two arc-shaped grooves (301) and the pulling force axis are the same;
a plurality of lasers (302) are uniformly distributed in each arc-shaped groove (301);
the annular lever clamping and connecting assembly (6) comprises a connecting piece (601), and one end, far away from the test sample (5), of the connecting piece (601) is fixedly connected with the top of the corresponding mounting plate (4) or the top of the operation frame (2);
a rotating nut (602) is rotatably arranged outside the connecting piece (601), a threaded sleeve component (603) is connected with the rotating nut (602) in an internal thread manner, the threaded sleeve component (603) is sleeved outside the connecting piece (601) in a sliding manner, and a plurality of clamping rods (604) used for clamping and fixing a sample (5) are movably connected between one side face, far away from the rotating nut (602), of the threaded sleeve component (603) and the free end of the connecting piece (601);
the connecting piece (601) comprises a connecting column (6011) and a connecting cylinder (6012), the connecting cylinder (6012) is fixedly connected with one end, far away from the mounting plate (4) or the operating frame (2), of the connecting column (6011) is provided with a circle of rotating groove (6013), and the inner side wall of the rotating nut (602) is provided with a circle of connecting ring (6021) matched with the rotating groove (6013);
the threaded sleeve component (603) comprises a threaded sleeve (6031) connected with a rotating nut (602) in a threaded manner, a disc (6032) is fixedly arranged at one end, away from the rotating nut (602), of the threaded sleeve (6031), a through hole (6033) corresponding to the threaded sleeve (6031) is formed in the center of the disc (6032), a sample (5) penetrates through the center of the threaded sleeve (6031) and the through hole (6033), a plurality of limiting blocks (6034) are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the through hole (6033), a limiting groove (6035) is formed between every two adjacent limiting blocks (6034), and a plurality of clamping blocks (6014) matched with the limiting grooves (6035) are fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the connecting cylinder (6012);
one end of the connecting cylinder (6012) far away from the connecting column (6011) is provided with a plurality of first connecting grooves (6015) used for being connected with the clamping rods (604);
a plurality of hinged parts (605) are symmetrically arranged on one side surface of the disc (6032) far away from the rotating nut (602), each hinged part (605) comprises a sliding wheel (6051), hinged shafts (6052) connected with the clamping rods (604) are fixedly arranged on two sides of each sliding wheel (6051), the sliding wheels (6051) are connected with the disc (6032) in a rolling manner, and a second connecting groove (6041) is formed in one end, connected with the hinged parts (605), of each clamping rod (604);
the clamping and arm protecting centering device (8) comprises a fixed shaft (801) fixed at the top of the instrument desk (1), two limiting buckles (802) are connected onto the fixed shaft (801) in a sliding mode, and a clamping and arm protecting assembly (803) is arranged between the two limiting buckles (802);
the limiting buckle (802) comprises a limiting frame (8021), an opening is formed in one side of the limiting frame (8021), locking blocks (8022) are fixedly arranged at two ends of the opening, a locking nut (8026) is connected between the two locking blocks (8022), a connecting block (8024) is fixedly arranged in the limiting frame (8021), a connecting hole (8025) used for being connected with the clamping arm protecting assembly (803) is formed in the connecting block (8024), a clamping hole (8023) is formed between the limiting frame (8021) and the connecting block (8024), and the clamping hole (8023) is matched with the fixing shaft (801);
centre gripping armguard subassembly (803) include first centre gripping arm (8031) and second centre gripping arm (8032), first centre gripping arm (8031) with second centre gripping arm (8032) swing joint, keep away from second centre gripping arm (8032) the one end swing joint of first centre gripping arm (8031) has two armguards (8033), two armguard (8033) symmetry sets up.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the confining pressure applying device (9) comprises two handles (901), one ends, close to each other, of the two handles (901) are connected with a sub-bin confining pressure applying device (902), the two sub-bin confining pressure applying devices (902) are detachably connected, and one ends, far away from each other, of the two handles (901) are connected with a confining pressure controller (903).
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: divide storehouse to enclose and press application ware (902) including rigid semicircle board (9021), the front edge and the rear edge department of semicircle board (9021) all are equipped with electromagnetism outer edge (9022), just be equipped with flexible cover (9023) on the inside wall of semicircle board (9021), the intercommunication is equipped with a plurality of enclosing and presses pipe (9024) on flexible cover (9023), and is a plurality of enclosing and pressing pipe (9024) runs through same oil pressure storehouse (9025) of connection behind semicircle board (9021), all oil pressure storehouses (9025) with semicircle board (9021) fixed connection.
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| CN202210885417.5A CN115326574B (en) | 2022-07-26 | 2022-07-26 | Direct tensile experimental apparatus of rock under triaxial loading |
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| CN202210885417.5A CN115326574B (en) | 2022-07-26 | 2022-07-26 | Direct tensile experimental apparatus of rock under triaxial loading |
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