CN112525671A - Rock direct tensile test device under true triaxial confining pressure condition - Google Patents
Rock direct tensile test device under true triaxial confining pressure condition Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rock direct tensile test device under a true triaxial confining pressure condition, which comprises a confining pressure loading system, a supporting base, an axial load loading system and a rock sample, wherein the rock sample is of a special-shaped structure and consists of an upper pressure bearing body, a breaking body and a lower pressure bearing body, and the breaking body is positioned between the upper pressure bearing body and the lower pressure bearing body; the supporting base is provided with a plurality of pressure-bearing columns, the confining pressure loading system is arranged in the middle of the pressure-bearing columns, the axial load loading system is arranged at the upper ends of the pressure-bearing columns, the supporting base is provided with 2 rigid supports for supporting the upper pressure-bearing bodies, and 4 independent hydraulic jacks provide lateral pressure in four directions for the breaking bodies; 2 hydraulic loaders respectively provide axial tensile load for the lower pressure-bearing body; and a stress sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged between the lower pressure bearing body and the support base. The invention solves the problem that the deviation between the test result and the true value is large due to stress concentration and eccentric tension in the rock tensile strength test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rock tensile strength testing technology in the fields of rock mechanical engineering, petroleum engineering, mining engineering and the like, in particular to a rock direct tensile testing device under a true triaxial confining pressure condition.
Background
In the process of oil and gas resource exploitation, drilling and fracturing can cause complex fracture damage to reservoir rock, wherein the tensile fracture is particularly remarkable. The tensile strength of the rock is an important parameter for evaluating the stability of the borehole and an important index for measuring the crack propagation capacity. Meanwhile, because the rock in the reservoir is influenced by the three-dimensional stress, the rock tensile strength under the confining pressure test condition provides important parameter support for guiding the drilling and fracturing design.
In the past, when the tensile strength of rock is studied, the test methods generally used can be divided into two types: one is a direct measurement method, i.e., uniaxial tensile test; another type of method is an indirect measurement method, including the Brazilian cleavage method, the bend test method, and the press-in test method. The most common indirect measurement method is the brazilian split test, but because of the stress concentration effect at the loading site, the rock usually cannot be fractured from the center as required, which makes the tensile strength measured indirectly have a large difference from the true value. And the direct rock tensile test mainly comprises an adhesion type and a clamping type. The phenomenon that the central axis of the rock sample deviates from the loading direction and the adhesion is not tight frequently occurs in the adhesion type tensile test, the clamping type tensile test is difficult to ensure the uniform stress of the test piece, and the rock sample is broken at the clamping part due to stress concentration, so that the test result is influenced.
Therefore, the current common direct and shear tensile tests have certain limitations, and the existing methods cannot test the tensile strength of the rock under the confining pressure condition. The device for researching the direct rock tensile test under the true triaxial confining pressure condition can obtain the rock tensile strength under different confining pressure conditions, and has important application value in the fields of petroleum engineering, mining engineering and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock direct tensile test device under a true triaxial confining pressure condition, which is used for testing the tensile strength of rocks under different confining pressure conditions, provides important parameter support for underground engineering design, and solves the problem that the deviation between a test result and a true value is large due to stress concentration and eccentric tension in the rock tensile strength test.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the rock direct tensile test device under the true triaxial confining pressure condition comprises a confining pressure loading system, a supporting base, an axial load loading system and a rock sample, wherein the rock sample is of a special-shaped structure and is integrally formed by an upper pressure bearing body, a breaking body and a lower pressure bearing body, and the breaking body is positioned between the upper pressure bearing body and the lower pressure bearing body; the supporting base is provided with a plurality of pressure-bearing columns, the confining pressure loading system is arranged in the middle of the pressure-bearing columns, the axial load loading system is arranged at the upper ends of the pressure-bearing columns, the supporting base is provided with 2 rigid supports, and the rigid supports are cuboid supports perpendicular to the supporting base; the confining pressure loading system comprises 4 independent hydraulic jacks, and the 4 independent hydraulic jacks provide lateral pressure in four directions for the breaking body; the axial load loading system consists of 2 hydraulic loaders, and the 2 hydraulic loaders are respectively positioned on the top surfaces of two ends of the lower pressure-bearing body and provide axial tensile load for the lower pressure-bearing body; the 2 rigid supports are supported below the bottom surfaces of the two ends of the upper pressure bearing body and are used for supporting the upper pressure bearing body; and a stress sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged between the lower pressure bearing body and the supporting base and are respectively connected with a data acquisition system.
The upper pressure-bearing body and the lower pressure-bearing body are respectively cuboid, the upper pressure-bearing body and the lower pressure-bearing body are mutually vertical, the length, width and height of the upper pressure-bearing body and the lower pressure-bearing body are equal, the side length of the breaking body is equal to the width and height of the upper pressure-bearing body, the breaking body is arranged between the upper pressure-bearing body and the lower pressure-bearing body in the middle, two ends of the upper pressure-bearing body extend out from two ends of the breaking body, and two ends of the lower pressure-bearing body extend out from two ends of the breaking body in the other direction.
In the scheme, the 2 hydraulic loaders are communicated with each other and are connected with an external servo control hydraulic loading system through a high-pressure pipeline.
In the scheme, each hydraulic jack is connected with an external oil pressure pump through a hydraulic pipeline.
In the scheme, the axial load loading system applies pressure to the lower pressure bearing body, the upper pressure bearing body is fixed by the rigid support, and the compressive load is converted into tensile load, so that the rock sample is in a tensile state, the rock sample is subjected to tensile fracture by the tensile fracture part, and the tensile strength of the rock is measured by the rock direct tensile test device under the true triaxial confining pressure condition.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device comprises a confining pressure loading system, lateral pressure is applied to the rock through 4 independent hydraulic jacks, the rock stress condition in a real stratum is simulated, the test device can obtain rock tensile strength under different confining pressure conditions, the rock tensile strength is not available in a conventional tensile test, the triaxial tensile strength can provide important parameter support for drilling engineering, mining engineering and reservoir transformation engineering, and the device has important application value.
2. The rock sample used in the invention is of a special structure and comprises three parts, namely a breaking body and an upper pressure-bearing body and a lower pressure-bearing body, the structure can convert a compressive load applied to the upper pressure-bearing body and the lower pressure-bearing body into a tensile load on the breaking body, the problem that a test piece is damaged or the test piece slips due to unstable clamping of a conventional clamp can be effectively avoided, stress concentration on the test piece can be effectively avoided, the damage position of the test piece is influenced, and the success rate of a tensile test is improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a rock direct tensile testing device under a true triaxial confining pressure condition;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the axial load loading system of the present invention in connection with a rock sample;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of the support base, the rigid support and the rock sample according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional schematic view of a confining pressure loading system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rock sample according to the present invention.
1. The device comprises a rock sample 2, a confining pressure loading system 3, a supporting base 4, an axial load loading system 5, a hydraulic jack 6, a hydraulic pipeline 7, a bearing column 8, a rigid support 9, a stress sensor 10, a displacement sensor 11, a fixing bolt 12, a hydraulic loader 13, a high-pressure pipeline 14, a breaking body 15, an upper bearing body 16 and a lower bearing body.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the direct rock tensile test device under the true triaxial confining pressure condition includes a confining pressure loading system 2, a support base 3, an axial load loading system 4 and a rock sample 1, wherein the rock sample 1 is a special-shaped structure, the rock sample 1 is integrally formed by an upper pressure bearing body 15, a fracture body 14 and a lower pressure bearing body 16, and the fracture body 14 is located between the upper pressure bearing body 15 and the lower pressure bearing body 16; the supporting base 3 is provided with a plurality of pressure-bearing columns 7, the confining pressure loading system 2 is arranged in the middle of the pressure-bearing columns 7, the axial load loading system 4 is arranged at the upper ends of the pressure-bearing columns 7, the supporting base 3 is provided with 2 rigid supports 8, the rigid supports 8 are cuboid supports perpendicular to the supporting base 3 and apply supporting force to a pressure-bearing body on the rock sample 1, the confining pressure loading system 2 comprises 4 independent hydraulic jacks 5, and the 4 independent hydraulic jacks 5 provide lateral pressure in four directions for the breaking body 14; the axial load loading system 4 is composed of 2 hydraulic loaders 12, and the 2 hydraulic loaders 12 are respectively positioned on the top surfaces of two ends of the lower pressure bearing body 16 and provide axial tensile load for the lower pressure bearing body 16; the 2 rigid supports 8 are supported under the bottom surfaces of the two ends of the upper pressure bearing body 15 and are used for supporting the upper pressure bearing body 15; and a stress sensor 9 and a displacement sensor 10 are arranged between the lower pressure bearing body 16 and the supporting base 3, and the stress sensor 9 and the displacement sensor 10 are respectively connected with a data acquisition system and used for recording stress and strain data of the rock tensile fracture process.
The breaking body 14 is a cube, the upper pressure bearing body 15 and the lower pressure bearing body 16 are cuboids respectively, the upper pressure bearing body 15 and the lower pressure bearing body 16 are perpendicular to each other, the length, the width and the height of the upper pressure bearing body 15 and the lower pressure bearing body 16 are equal, the side length of the breaking body 14 is equal to the width and the height of the upper pressure bearing body 15, the breaking body 14 is centrally positioned between the upper pressure bearing body 15 and the lower pressure bearing body 16, two ends of the upper pressure bearing body 15 extend out from two ends of the breaking body 14, and two ends of the lower pressure bearing body 16 extend out from two ends of the breaking body 14 in the other direction. The device exerts compressive load to upper and lower pressure-bearing body during the experiment, because the special construction of rock sample 1 can convert compressive load into tensile load for rock sample 1 takes place tensile fracture by the body 14 part that breaks, measures rock tensile strength through the testing device.
Confined pressure loading system 2, support base 3, axial load loading system 4, above three parts are connected by the pressure-bearing post, and the pressure-bearing post is 8 in this embodiment, specifically is: the supporting base 3 is connected with the confining pressure loading system 2 through 8 bearing columns 7, and the axial load loading system 4 is connected with the confining pressure loading system 2 through 8 bearing columns 7 and fixed through fixing bolts 11. The confining pressure loading system applies lateral pressure to four surfaces of the rock sample breaking body by 4 hydraulic jacks; the 4 hydraulic jacks are connected with an external oil hydraulic pump through hydraulic pipelines.
The axial load loading system 4 is composed of 2 hydraulic loaders 12 and used for providing axial tensile load for the rock sample 1, and the hydraulic loaders 12 are communicated with each other and connected with an external servo control hydraulic loading system through a high-pressure pipeline 13. The axial load loading system 4 is characterized in that two hydraulic loaders 12 are in contact with a bearing body under the rock test sample 1 to provide axial load of rock tensile fracture.
The rigid support 8 and the hydraulic loader 12 not only serve to support the rock specimen 1, but also to conduct the load applied by the hydraulic jack 5 to the rock surface, applying lateral pressure thereto.
This kind of direct tensile test device of rock under true triaxial confined pressure condition adopts the commentaries on classics pressure to exert tensile load for the rock for the loading mode that draws, has avoided the conventional formula tensile test of pasting to be broken by pasting the position problem, and the device can provide the side direction confined pressure for the rock sample simultaneously, has realized the test of rock tensile strength under the different confined pressure levels, and concrete test step is as follows:
(1) cutting irregular rocks into shapes and sizes required by tests by a numerical control wire cutting machine;
(2) placing a rock sample 1 on a support base 3, installing a stress sensor 9 and a displacement sensor 10 between the rock sample 1 and the support base 3, and connecting the stress sensor and the displacement sensor with an external data acquisition system through a data line;
(3) a confining pressure loading system 2 and an axial load loading system 4 are sequentially arranged on the supporting base 3;
(4) connecting the confining pressure loading system 2 with an external oil pressure pump, and connecting the axial load loading system 4 with an external servo control hydraulic loading system;
(5) starting an external oil pressure pump to apply lateral pressure with a certain numerical value to the rock sample 1;
(6) and starting an external servo control hydraulic loading system and a data acquisition system, applying a load to a lower bearing body of the rock sample, breaking the rock sample under a certain load, drawing a stress-strain curve according to the recorded data, and calculating the tensile strength of the rock under the triaxial confining pressure condition.
Example 1:
(1) cutting irregular natural rock into a rock sample 1 as shown in fig. 1 by using numerical control linear cutting, wherein the rock sample 1 comprises 3 parts of an energy-absorbing body 14, an upper pressure-bearing body 15 and a lower pressure-bearing body 16, the energy-absorbing body 14 is a cube with a side length of 30mm, the upper pressure-bearing body 15 and the lower pressure-bearing body 16 are cuboids with a side length of 30 mm' 60mm, and the directions of the upper pressure-bearing body 15 and the lower pressure-bearing body 16 are perpendicular to each other;
(2) placing a rock sample 1 on a support base 3, wherein the end part of an upper pressure-bearing body 15 is positioned on a rigid support 8, and a stress sensor 9 and a displacement sensor 10 are arranged between the rock sample 1 and the support base 3 and are connected with an external data acquisition system through data lines;
(3) installing a confining pressure loading system 2, fixing the confining pressure loading system 2 on a supporting base 3 through 8 pressure-bearing columns 7, then continuously installing an axial load loading system 4, and fixing the confining pressure loading system 2 through 8 pressure-bearing columns 7;
(4) the confining pressure loading system 2 is connected with an external oil pressure pump through a hydraulic pipeline 6, and the axial load loading system 4 is connected with an external servo control hydraulic loading system through a high-pressure pipeline 13 until the test device is completely installed;
(5) starting an external oil pressure pump to extend 4 hydraulic jacks 5 of the confining pressure loading system 2, and applying lateral pressure with a certain numerical value to the rock sample 1 after contacting the rigid support 8 and the hydraulic loader 12;
(6) after the lateral pressure loading is finished, stabilizing for 30min, starting an external servo control hydraulic loading system and a data acquisition system, enabling a hydraulic loader 12 to extend out, applying a load to a lower bearing body 16 of the rock sample 1, breaking a breaking body 14 of the rock sample 1 after the tensile load reaches a certain value, drawing a stress-strain curve through data recorded by a stress sensor 9 and a displacement sensor 10, and calculating the tensile strength of the rock under the condition of triaxial confining pressure.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a direct tensile test device of rock under true triaxial confined pressure condition which characterized in that: the rock direct tensile test device under the true triaxial confining pressure condition comprises a confining pressure loading system (2), a supporting base (3), an axial load loading system (4) and a rock sample (1), wherein the rock sample (1) is of a special-shaped structure, the rock sample (1) is integrally formed by an upper pressure bearing body (15), a breaking body (14) and a lower pressure bearing body (16), and the breaking body (14) is positioned between the upper pressure bearing body (15) and the lower pressure bearing body (16); the supporting base (3) is provided with a plurality of pressure-bearing columns (7), the confining pressure loading system (2) is arranged in the middle of the pressure-bearing columns (7), the axial load loading system (4) is arranged at the upper ends of the pressure-bearing columns (7), the supporting base (3) is provided with 2 rigid supports (8), and the rigid supports (8) are cuboid supports perpendicular to the supporting base (3); the confining pressure loading system (2) comprises 4 independent hydraulic jacks (5), and the 4 independent hydraulic jacks (5) provide lateral pressure in four directions for the breaking body (14); the axial load loading system (4) is composed of 2 hydraulic loaders (12), and the 2 hydraulic loaders (12) are respectively positioned on the top surfaces of two ends of the lower pressure-bearing body (16) and provide axial tensile load for the lower pressure-bearing body (16); 2 rigid supports (8) are supported under the bottom surfaces of two ends of the upper pressure bearing body (15) and are used for supporting the upper pressure bearing body (15); a stress sensor (9) and a displacement sensor (10) are arranged between the lower pressure bearing body (16) and the supporting base (3), and the stress sensor (9) and the displacement sensor (10) are respectively connected with a data acquisition system.
2. The device for rock direct tensile test under true triaxial confining pressure conditions according to claim 1, wherein: the tension breaking body (14) is a cube, the upper pressure bearing body (15) and the lower pressure bearing body (16) are cuboids respectively, the upper pressure bearing body (15) and the lower pressure bearing body (16) are perpendicular to each other, the length, the width and the height of the upper pressure bearing body (15) and the lower pressure bearing body (16) are equal, the side length of the tension breaking body (14) is equal to the width and the height of the upper pressure bearing body (15), the tension breaking body (14) is centrally positioned between the upper pressure bearing body (15) and the lower pressure bearing body (16), two ends of the upper pressure bearing body (15) extend out from two ends of the tension breaking body (14), and two ends of the lower pressure bearing body (16) extend out from two ends of the tension breaking body (14) in the other direction.
3. The device for rock direct tensile test under true triaxial confining pressure according to claim 2, wherein: the 2 hydraulic loaders (12) are communicated with each other and are connected with an external servo control hydraulic loading system through a high-pressure pipeline (13).
4. The device for rock direct tensile test under true triaxial confining pressure according to claim 3, wherein: the hydraulic jacks (5) are connected with an external oil hydraulic pump through hydraulic pipelines (6).
5. The device for rock direct tensile test under true triaxial confining pressure according to claim 4, wherein: the axial load loading system (4) applies pressure to the lower pressure bearing body (16), the upper pressure bearing body (15) is fixed by the rigid support (8), compression load is converted into tensile load, the rock sample (1) is in a tensile state, the rock sample (1) is subjected to tensile fracture from the tensile fracture body (14), and the rock tensile strength is measured by the rock direct tensile test device under the true triaxial confining pressure condition.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113252467A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-13 | 西南石油大学 | Rock drilling experimental device and method for simulating true triaxial condition of deep well drilling |
| CN114324009A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-12 | 东北石油大学 | Testing device for composite fracture toughness of anisotropic rock under tensile-shear stress condition |
| CN115326574A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-11 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Direct tensile experimental apparatus of rock under triaxial loading |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115326574B (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2023-03-10 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Direct tensile experimental apparatus of rock under triaxial loading |
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