CN115323442A - Processing method based on optical fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device - Google Patents
Processing method based on optical fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115323442A CN115323442A CN202210943665.0A CN202210943665A CN115323442A CN 115323442 A CN115323442 A CN 115323442A CN 202210943665 A CN202210943665 A CN 202210943665A CN 115323442 A CN115323442 A CN 115323442A
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
- C25D17/12—Shape or form
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of precision machining, and particularly provides a machining method based on a fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite machining device, wherein the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite machining device comprises: the device comprises a power supply, a substrate, a light source and an optical fiber tube electrode, wherein the substrate is used for being connected with the negative electrode of the power supply; the optical fiber tube electrode comprises a metal tube electrode and the hollow optical fiber which are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the metal tube electrode is connected with the power supply anode of the power supply, and an electroforming liquid circulation channel is arranged inside the metal tube electrode; the processing device utilizes the optical fiber tube electrode to transmit the laser beam and the electroforming solution to the surface of the substrate simultaneously, thereby not only well avoiding the loss caused by the contact of the laser beam and the electroforming solution in the transmission process, but also effectively reducing the action area of the electroforming solution on the substrate, and effectively improving the localization, the forming precision, the processing efficiency, the density and the performance of a formed part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision machining, in particular to a machining method based on a fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite machining device.
Background
With the continuous development of science and technology and materials, parts tend to be miniaturized and integrated gradually, particularly, metal microstructures play an increasingly important role in miniature products such as electronic packaging elements, precision machinery, aerospace and micro-electro-mechanical systems, and the like, but the precise manufacturing of the microstructures is difficult to realize by adopting a single machining or special machining technology.
In recent years, the additive manufacturing technology (also called 3D printing technology) is favored by people in the fields of scientific research and industrial application due to the characteristics of wide application material range, cost saving, high processing efficiency, capability of preparing complex shapes and the like, and has unique advantages in the fields of aerospace, automobile molds, medical electronics, national defense equipment and the like.
The electro-deposition additive manufacturing technology is developed by adopting the theory of atomic layer-by-layer deposition, and becomes a research hotspot in the field of metal microstructure processing due to the characteristics of low-temperature processing and capability of preparing a precise microstructure with extremely low stress and a few defects.
Spray electrodeposition, which is a typical maskless electrodeposition additive manufacturing technique, employs a nozzle as an anode tool instead of a solid anode, so that the electroforming solution impinges on the surface of the cathode from the nozzle, and selectively deposits metal on the cathode. Due to the relatively high current density, the deposition rate is high compared to conventional electrodeposition additive manufacturing techniques. In the prior art, researches show that the thermal, force and optical effects of laser can further improve the speed of jet electrodeposition, and parts with higher compactness and better performance can be prepared due to the existence of high-energy laser. However, the laser-assisted spray electrodeposition technology that has been developed has a large loss due to the transmission of laser light within the electroforming solution, and the nozzle operates only above the cathode, thus limiting its development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing laser-assisted spray electrodeposition technology has large loss due to the transmission of laser in electroforming solution, and a nozzle only works above a cathode, so that the deposition effect is limited.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a processing method based on a fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device comprises the following steps: the device comprises a power supply, a substrate, a light source and an optical fiber tube electrode, wherein the substrate is used for being connected with the power supply cathode of the power supply;
the optical fiber tube electrode comprises a metal tube electrode and the hollow optical fiber which are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the metal tube electrode is connected with the power supply anode of the power supply, and an electroforming liquid circulation channel is arranged inside the metal tube electrode;
the laser beam emitted by the light source is used for guiding light through the hollow optical fiber and is focused on the axis of the metal tube electrode to complete metal particle deposition together with the electroforming solution on the substrate so as to form a deposition layer;
the processing method comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the substrate on a machine tool, connecting the substrate with a power supply cathode of a power supply to form a cathode, connecting the optical fiber tube electrode with a power supply anode of the power supply to form an anode, and starting the power supply;
s2, enabling the electroforming solution to enter an electroforming solution flowing channel in a metal tube electrode of the optical fiber tube electrode from a solution supply tank and flow onto the substrate;
and S3, enabling laser beams emitted by a light source to pass through the hollow optical fiber in the optical fiber tube electrode, and emitting the laser beams at the tail end of the hollow optical fiber to irradiate the hollow optical fiber onto the substrate, so that the laser beams and the electroforming solution jointly complete metal particle deposition to form a deposition layer.
Compared with the prior art, the processing method based on the optical fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the electroforming solution flows onto the substrate through an electroforming solution flowing channel in the metal tube electrode, and the laser beam is gathered on the surface of the substrate through the hollow optical fiber in the optical fiber tube electrode, so that the laser beam and the electroforming solution jointly complete metal particle deposition to form a deposition layer; the processing device utilizes the optical fiber tube electrode to transmit the laser beam and the electroforming solution to the surface of the substrate simultaneously, thereby not only well avoiding the loss caused by the contact of the laser beam and the electroforming solution in the transmission process, but also effectively reducing the action area of the electroforming solution on the substrate, and effectively improving the localization, the forming precision, the processing efficiency, the density and the performance of a formed part.
Preferably, before step S1, the processing method further includes building a three-dimensional model by using three-dimensional software, slicing the three-dimensional model by layers by using slicing software to form a slice file, and then importing the slice file into a computer so that the optical fiber tube electrode moves along with the movement of the forming member track; preparing electroforming solution with required concentration, and adding the electroforming solution into the liquid supply tank;
and (2) preprocessing the substrate, firstly grinding and polishing, then carrying out surface deoiling, descaling and passivation, fixing the substrate on the machine tool, and adjusting an X axis and a Y axis of the machine tool by observing a result fed back to a computer by a CCD camera II to find a processing position so as to focus the laser beam on the surface of the substrate.
Preferably, in step S2, the electroforming liquid flow is controlled by the computer, and a centrifugal pump and a regulating valve are regulated to obtain a desired electroforming liquid flow rate by observing the electroforming liquid flow state and a flow meter reading.
Preferably, in step S3, the processing method further includes confirming the processing parameters and the device status, turning on each device through the computer, and forming the fiber tube electrode layer by layer along the track of the established model to form a formed piece, and monitoring the forming process through the result displayed by the computer.
Preferably, after step S3, the processing method further includes a finishing process for the shaped piece.
Preferably, the finishing process comprises the steps of:
the first step is as follows: discharging waste liquid generated in the forming process into a waste liquid tank, controlling the computer to start a gas supply device, and removing the waste liquid on the upper surface of the forming piece by using gas sprayed from a gas nozzle;
the second step: confirming a finishing parameter, so that a laser beam emitted by the light source is emitted through the hollow optical fiber and irradiated on the surface of the formed part, and then controlling the machine tool to carry out finishing treatment on the current layer along the planned track;
the third step: transmitting the laser beam to the surface of the formed piece through the hollow optical fiber, and simultaneously, enabling deionized water to enter a processing gap between the lower end of the optical fiber tube electrode and the surface of the formed piece through the metal tube electrode so as to enable the laser beam and the water jet to be synchronously combined to carry out the finishing treatment on the formed piece; and after the processing is finished, continuing forming according to the current layer until the forming of the workpiece is finished.
Preferably, in step S3, a laser is used as a light source, a part of the laser beam emitted by the laser passes through a dichroic beam splitter, a conical lens i, a conical lens ii, a laser beam splitting module, and a reflecting mirror, the dichroic beam splitter is obliquely disposed, the dichroic beam splitter is configured to reflect the laser beam, and the conical lens i, the conical lens ii, the laser beam splitting module, and the reflecting mirror are sequentially disposed on a light path of the laser beam reflected by the dichroic beam splitter from top to bottom; the reflector is obliquely arranged so that an annular light beam formed by reflection of the reflector is transmitted to the optical fiber tube electrode.
Preferably, in step S3, the ring-shaped light beam formed by reflection of the reflector further passes through the electro-optical liquid coupling mechanism and then enters the optical fiber tube electrode;
the photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism comprises a coupling mechanism body, a hollow metal tube, a hollow reflector and a laser beam combination module;
the coupling mechanism comprises a coupling mechanism body and is characterized in that the hollow reflector and the laser beam combining module are sequentially arranged in the coupling mechanism body from top to bottom, the hollow metal tube penetrates through the hollow reflector and the laser beam combining module, the upper end of the hollow metal tube is connected with the liquid supply tank, and the lower end of the hollow metal tube is connected with the metal tube electrode of the optical fiber tube electrode to form a closed electroforming liquid introduction passage.
Preferably, in step S3, another part of the laser beam emitted by the laser irradiates the CCD camera i through the optical filter and the convex lens, and is used for observing whether the laser, the electroforming solution, the power supply and the optical fiber tube electrode are accurately coupled, and observing a state of a light spot focused on the substrate when no electroforming solution is injected, thereby realizing accurate transmission and interaction of light-electricity-liquid;
the light filter convex lens with CCD camera I is located the top of dichroic spectroscope and from supreme setting gradually down, CCD camera I is used for being connected with the industrial computer, the industrial computer be used for with the computer is connected, the computer be used for with the power is connected.
Preferably, in step S3, the laser beam entering the fiber tube electrode is guided by the hollow fiber and emitted from a focusing type micro-lens structure at the lower end of the hollow fiber to form a solid spot or a hollow annular spot.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a laser beam splitting module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a laser beam combining module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a fiber tube electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a first cross-sectional view of the fiber tube electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber tube electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber tube electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention, and the gas supply means and gas nozzle structure;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an overall process structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1 power supply, 10 oscilloscope, 2 base plate, 20 machine tool, 3 fiber tube electrode, 31 metal tube electrode, 310 electroforming liquid flow channel, 32 hollow fiber, 321 light guide base body, 322 outer reflection layer, 323 light guide inlet, 324 light guide outlet, 33 solid light spot, 34 hollow annular light spot, 4 computer, 41 air supply device, 42 gas nozzle, 5 photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism, 51 coupling mechanism body, 52 hollow metal tube, 53 hollow reflector, 54 laser beam combination module, 541 light combination prism, 542 reflector IV, 543 reflector V, 544 hollow annular light beam, 6 laser generation mechanism, 60 laser beam, 61 laser, 62 dichroic beam splitter, 63 cone lens I, 64 cone lens II, 65 laser beam splitting module, 651 beam splitter prism, 652 reflector I, 653 reflector II, 654 two semicircular annular light beams, 66 reflector, 67, 68 convex lens, 691CCD camera I, 692 camera CCD camera II, 7, 8 industrial personal computer supply, 81, 82 flow meter, 83 adjusting valve, 84 filtering device, 85 filter, 86, working liquid tank cavity, 90 and working liquid feeding tank.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present application but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the coordinate system XZ provided herein, the positive direction of the X axis represents the right direction, the negative direction of the X axis represents the left direction, the positive direction of the Z axis represents the upper direction, and the negative direction of the Z axis represents the lower direction; the Z-axis and X-axis are meant only to facilitate description of the invention and to simplify the description, and are not meant to indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the present invention provides a processing method based on a fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing apparatus, wherein the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing apparatus includes: the device comprises a power supply 1, a substrate 2, a light source and an optical fiber tube electrode 3, wherein the substrate 2 is used for being connected with a power supply cathode of the power supply 1;
referring to fig. 4-5, the optical fiber tube electrode 3 includes a metal tube electrode 31, a hollow optical fiber 32 and a reflective layer, which are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the metal tube electrode 31 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply 1, and an electroforming liquid flow channel 310 is arranged inside the metal tube electrode 31;
the laser beam 60 emitted by the light source is used for guiding light through the hollow optical fiber 32, and is focused on the axis of the metal tube electrode 31 to complete metal particle deposition on the substrate 2 together with the electroforming solution so as to form a deposition layer.
In this embodiment, the electroforming solution flows onto the substrate 2 through the electroforming solution flowing channel 310 inside the metal tube electrode 31, and the laser beam 60 is focused on the surface of the substrate 2 through the hollow optical fiber 32 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3, so that the laser beam 60 and the electroforming solution together complete the metal particle deposition to form a deposition layer; the processing device utilizes the optical fiber tube electrode 3 to simultaneously transmit the laser beam 60 and the electroforming solution to the surface of the substrate 2, so that the loss caused by the contact of the laser beam 60 and the electroforming solution in the transmission process is well avoided, the acting area of the electroforming solution on the substrate 2 is effectively reduced, and the localization, the forming precision and the processing efficiency as well as the density and the performance of a formed part 9 are effectively improved.
Specifically, the metal tube electrode 31 is embedded in the hollow optical fiber 32, the hollow optical fiber 32 includes a light guide substrate 321 and an outer reflective layer 322 coated on an outer wall of the light guide substrate 321, and the hollow optical fiber 32 is made of quartz glass; the outer diameter range of the light guide substrate 321 is 0.15-1.5mm, and the inner diameter range of the light guide substrate 321 is 0.1-1mm; the material of the outer reflecting layer 322 is any one of gold, silver, copper and aluminum; the outer reflective layer 322 has a thickness in the range of 5 μm to 30 μm.
The metal tube electrode 31 is of a hollow tubular structure; the metal tube electrode 31 is made of any one of stainless steel, copper, titanium and the like; the diameter of the metal tube electrode 31 is in the range of 10 μm to 500. Mu.m.
The upper end of the fiber tube electrode 3 is provided with a light guide inlet 323 at the upper end of the hollow fiber 32, and the lower end of the hollow fiber 32 is provided with a light guide outlet 324.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, preferably, the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device further includes an electro-optical-hydraulic coupling mechanism 5 mounted at the upper end of the fiber tube electrode 3, where the electro-optical-hydraulic coupling mechanism 5 includes a coupling mechanism body 51, a hollow metal tube 52, a hollow reflector 53, and a laser beam combining module 54; wherein, the hollow metal tube 52 is a copper tube.
Specifically, the laser beam combining module 54 includes a light combining prism 541, a reflecting mirror iv 542, and a reflecting mirror v 543.
The upper end of the coupling mechanism body 51 is provided with a laser inlet, the interior of the coupling mechanism body 51 is sequentially provided with the hollow reflector 53 and the laser beam combining module 54 from top to bottom, the hollow metal tube 52 penetrates through the hollow reflector 53 and the laser beam combining module 54, the upper end of the hollow metal tube 52 is connected with the liquid supply tank 8, and the lower end of the hollow metal tube 52 is connected with the metal tube electrode 31 of the optical fiber tube electrode 3 to form a closed electroforming liquid guide-in passage.
In this embodiment, the hollow metal tube 52 passes through the hollow reflector 53 fixed in the electro-optical-hydraulic coupling mechanism 5 and the beam combining prism 541 in the laser beam combining module 54, and has an upper end connected to the liquid supply tank 8 and a lower end connected to the metal tube electrode 31 embedded in the light guiding substrate 321 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3, so that the electroforming solution enters the hollow metal tube 52 from the liquid supply tank 8 and then flows into the processing gap along the electroforming solution flowing channel 310. The lower end of the electro-optical-hydraulic coupling mechanism 5 is connected to the fiber tube electrode 3, so as to guide the laser beam 60 and the electroforming solution into the light guide substrate 321 and the metal tube electrode 31, respectively.
Referring to fig. 1, specifically, the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing device further includes an electroforming solution processing mechanism, the electroforming solution processing mechanism includes a liquid supply tank 8, a centrifugal pump 81, a flow meter 82, a regulating valve 83, a filtering device 84 and a waste liquid tank 85, the filtering device 84 and the centrifugal pump 81 are installed in the liquid supply tank 8 and are filled with the electroforming solution, the liquid supply tank 8 is connected with a liquid supply pipe 86 and is connected with the hollow metal pipe 52 through the liquid supply pipe 86, and the regulating valve 83 and the flow meter 82 are arranged on the liquid supply pipe 86.
In this embodiment, the electroforming liquid is introduced into the hollow metal pipe 52 fixed in the coupling mechanism body 51 under the combined action of the filter device 84, the centrifugal pump 81, the regulating valve 83 and the flow meter 82, and the electroforming liquid flows into the hollow metal pipe 52 from the liquid supply pipe 86 and is introduced into the machining gap along the electroforming liquid flow passage 310, thereby facilitating the deposition of metal particles. Wherein, during the transfer, the flow rate of the electrocasting solution required for the processing can be obtained by observing the flow meter 82, adjusting the pressure of the centrifugal pump 81 and adjusting the regulating valve 83.
Specifically, the hollow metal tube 52, the hollow reflector 53, the coupling mechanism body 51, the laser beam combining module 54, and the optical fiber tube electrode 3 are coaxially disposed.
In the present embodiment, the coaxial arrangement of the above structure is beneficial to reduce the loss of the electroforming solution and the laser beam 60 during transmission, and is beneficial to increase the speed of the electroforming solution and the laser beam 60 during transmission, thereby improving the processing efficiency.
Referring to fig. 1-2, preferably, the electro-optical-hydraulic coupling mechanism 5 further includes the laser generating mechanism 6, and the laser generating mechanism 6 includes a laser 61, a dichroic beam splitter 62, a conical lens i 63, a conical lens ii 64, a laser beam splitting module 65, and a reflector 66.
Specifically, the laser beam splitting module 65 includes a beam splitting prism 651, a mirror i 652 and a mirror ii 653.
The laser 61 is configured to emit the laser beam 60, the dichroic beam splitter 62 is obliquely arranged, the dichroic beam splitter 62 is configured to reflect the laser beam 60, and the conical lens i 63, the conical lens ii 64, the laser beam splitting module 65, and the reflecting mirror 66 are sequentially arranged on a light path of the laser beam 60 reflected by the dichroic beam splitter 62 from top to bottom;
the reflector 66 is disposed obliquely, so that the ring-shaped light beam formed by reflection of the reflector 66 enters the coupling mechanism body 51 and propagates into the fiber tube electrode 3.
Specifically, the laser beam 60 is emitted by the laser 61 and then irradiates the dichroic beam splitter 62, so that a part of the laser beam 60 irradiates the conical lens i 63 and the conical lens ii 64 to form a hollow annular beam 544, and further irradiates the laser beam splitting module 65 to form two semicircular hollow annular beams 654. The two semicircular hollow ring-shaped light beams 544 are reflected by the reflector 66 and then irradiate the laser beam combining module 54, so as to form a complete hollow ring-shaped light beam 544, and the complete hollow ring-shaped light beam 544 is coupled with the light guide substrate 321 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3.
Preferably, the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device further comprises an industrial personal computer 7 and a computer 4 connected with the industrial personal computer 7, wherein the computer 4 is used for being connected with the power supply 1.
Specifically, the optical fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing device further comprises an oscilloscope 10, wherein one end of the power supply 1 is connected with the industrial personal computer 7, and the other end of the power supply 1 is connected with the oscilloscope 10; the electroforming solution flows from the hollow metal tube 52 to the electroforming solution flowing channel 310 to form an anode conducting path consisting of the hollow metal tube 52 and the optical fiber tube electrode 3, the substrate 2 is placed in a working cavity 90 with an opening at the upper end, the substrate 2 is connected with the power supply cathode of the power supply 1 to form a cathode conducting path, and electroforming solution is input into the working cavity 90 to form a conducting path; a waste liquid outlet is formed in the working cavity 90, a waste liquid pipeline is connected to the waste liquid outlet, the other end of the waste liquid pipeline is connected with the waste liquid groove 85, and the waste liquid pipeline is also provided with the regulating valve 83; a connecting pipeline is arranged between the liquid supply tank 8 and the waste liquid tank 85, a filtering device 84 is mounted on the connecting pipeline, and the filtering device 84 is used for filtering and treating the waste liquid in the waste liquid tank 85 and flowing the waste liquid into the liquid supply tank 8 so as to realize recycling.
In this embodiment, in operation, the centrifugal pump 81 is controlled by the computer 4 to start the supply of the electroforming liquid, i.e., the electroforming liquid passes through the filter 84 first and then passes through the centrifugal pump 81, the regulating valve 83, the flow meter 82, the hollow metal pipe 52 and the metal pipe electrode 31, thereby obtaining the flow rate of the electroforming liquid required for machining the gap, so that the electroforming liquid in the liquid supply tank 8 enters the machining gap along the electroforming liquid flow passage 310. Whereas the waste fluid flowing out of the machining gap flows into the working chamber 90 and along with the waste fluid outlet through the waste fluid conduit and into the waste fluid tank 85. The regulating valve 83 is adjusted to discharge the electroforming solution in the working chamber 90 in a controllable manner. Further, the waste liquid entering the waste liquid tank 85 is filtered by the filter device 84 and reused as the electroforming liquid.
The laser generating mechanism 6 further comprises an optical filter 67, a convex lens 68 and a CCD camera I691 which are positioned above the dichroic beam splitter 62 and are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the CCD camera I691 is used for being connected with the industrial personal computer 7;
another part of the laser beam 60 emitted from the laser 61 is irradiated onto the CCD camera i 691 through the optical filter 67 and the convex lens 68.
In particular, the laser 61 is also connected to the industrial control computer 7.
In this embodiment, the laser 61, the power supply 1, the CCD camera i 691, the machine tool 20 and the centrifugal pump 81 are activated by the computer 4, so that the laser beam 60 passes through the dichroic beam splitter 62, then irradiates on the conical lens ii 64 to form a hollow annular beam 544, then irradiates on the reflector 66, reflects on the hollow reflector 53 in the coupling mechanism body 51, is reflected by the hollow reflector 53, then is guided into the light guide inlet 323 in the fiber tube electrode 3, further enters the fiber tube electrode 3, is totally reflected inside the fiber tube electrode, and is guided out at the focusing type light guide outlet 324, thereby forming a focusing spot on the surface of the substrate 2.
Referring to fig. 6-7, preferably, the lower end of the hollow optical fiber 32 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3 is provided with a focusing microlens structure for forming a solid light spot 33 or a hollow annular light spot 34.
Specifically, the lower end of the light guide substrate 321 in the fiber tube electrode 3 is processed into a focusing type micro-lens structure for forming a solid light spot 33 or a hollow annular light spot 34. When the solid light spots 33 enable laser to be gathered in an electrodeposition area, the compactness and the performance of the forming part 9 can be effectively improved; when the hollow annular light spot 34 focuses the laser on the area around the electrodeposition, the residual deposits around the electrodeposition can be removed, and the processing localization and the processing precision are further effectively improved.
The optical fiber tube electrode 3 can be used only by using the hollow optical fiber 32, that is, only the light guide substrate 321 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3 can be used as a light guide medium, and then only laser is transmitted to the surface of the forming part 9, and the structure removes materials by a laser ablation technology;
alternatively, the optical fiber tube electrode 3 can be used only by using the metal tube electrode 31, that is, only the metal tube electrode can be used as a liquid guide medium, only saline solution or deionized water is transmitted to the surface of the forming member 9, and a metal structure is deposited by utilizing an electrodeposition technology;
alternatively, the optical fiber tube electrode 3 may be used only with the hollow optical fiber 32 and the metal tube electrode 31, and the optical fiber tube electrode 3 may be used as a medium for guiding light and guiding liquid, and further transmit laser and solution to the surface of the formed part 9 to form a material removed by the water jet assisted laser processing technology.
Specifically, the optical fiber tube electrode 3 can penetrate into the workpiece, and after the rotating tool is combined, the internal damage of the metal part can be repaired.
Referring to fig. 1 and 9, the processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device includes the following steps:
s1, fixing the substrate 2 on a machine tool 20, connecting the substrate 2 with a power supply cathode of a power supply 1 to form a cathode, connecting the optical fiber tube electrode 3 with a power supply anode of the power supply 1 to form an anode, and starting the power supply 1;
s2, enabling electroforming liquid to enter an electroforming liquid flowing channel 310 in the metal tube electrode 31 of the optical fiber tube electrode 3 from a liquid supply tank 8 and flow onto the substrate 2;
s3, enabling a laser beam 60 emitted by a light source to pass through the hollow optical fiber 32 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3, and emitting the laser beam 60 from the tail end of the hollow optical fiber 32 to irradiate the substrate 2, so that the laser beam 60 and the electroforming solution complete metal particle deposition together to form a deposition layer.
Specifically, the laser beam 60 is emitted from the laser 61 and then irradiates the dichroic beam splitter 62, so that a part of the laser beam 60 irradiates the conical lens i 63, and further acts on the conical lens ii 64 to form a hollow annular beam 544, and then irradiates the laser beam splitting module 65. The laser beam 60 entering the laser beam splitting module 65 is split by the splitting prism 651, reflected on the reflecting mirror i 652 and the reflecting mirror ii 653, then reflected to the reflecting mirror 66 by the reflecting mirror i 652 and the reflecting mirror ii 653, and further reflected to the laser beam combining module 54. The laser beam 60 reflected on the laser beam combining module 54 passes through the light combining prism 541, the reflecting mirror iv 542 and the reflecting mirror v 543, and then exits from the reflecting mirror iv 542 and the reflecting mirror v 543, and is coupled with the light guide substrate 321 in the fiber tube electrode 3, and further enters into the light guide substrate 321 from the light guide inlet 323 in the fiber tube electrode 3. The laser beam 60 formed by the laser beam splitting module 65 is two semicircular hollow ring-shaped light beams 654, and the laser beam 60 formed by the laser beam combining module 54 is a complete hollow ring-shaped light beam 544.
The laser beam 60 entering the light guide base 321 is totally reflected in the light guide base 321 under the action of the outer reflection layer 322 and the metal tube electrode 31, and exits at the light guide exit 324. The light guide outlet 324 is processed into a focusing micro-lens structure, so as to form a solid light spot 33 or a hollow annular light spot 34. The solid light spot 33 enables laser to be gathered in an electrodeposition area, and when the laser energy density is high, a forming layer deposited by the atomic layer can be melted and rapidly solidified, so that the compactness and the performance of the forming piece 9 are effectively improved. The hollow annular light spot 34 focuses laser on the area around the electrodeposition, so that residual deposits around the electrodeposition can be well removed, and the processing locality and the processing precision can be effectively improved.
Referring to fig. 9, preferably, before step S1, the processing method further includes building a three-dimensional model by using three-dimensional software, and performing hierarchical slicing by using slicing software to form a slice file, and then introducing the slice file into the computer 4 so that the optical fiber tube electrode 3 moves along with the movement of the forming member 9;
preparing electroforming solution with required concentration, and adding the electroforming solution into the liquid supply tank 8;
the substrate 2 is pretreated, firstly, grinding and polishing are carried out, then surface degreasing, descaling and passivation are carried out, the substrate 2 is fixed on the machine tool 20, and a processing position is found by adjusting the X axis and the Y axis of the machine tool 20, so that the laser beam 60 is focused on the surface of the substrate 2.
Specifically, the substrate 2 is first subjected to a grinding and polishing process using SiC sand paper, and then subjected to a surface degreasing, descaling and passivation process using distilled water, acetone and a dilute sulfuric acid solution, and then fixed to the machine tool 20, and a suitable processing position is found by adjusting the X-axis and the Y-axis of the machine tool 20.
Preferably, in step S2, the flow of the electroforming solution is controlled by the computer 4, the flow state of the electroforming solution and the reading of the flow meter 82 are observed by observing the result fed back to the computer 4 by the CCD camera II 692, and the centrifugal pump 81 and the regulating valve 83 are regulated to obtain the required flow rate of the electroforming solution.
Preferably, in step S3, the processing method further includes confirming the processing parameters and the device status, turning on each device through the computer 4, and forming the fiber tube electrode 3 layer by layer along the track of the established model to form the formed part 9, while monitoring the forming process through the result displayed by the computer 4.
Specifically, in the process of confirming the processing parameters and the equipment state, the computer 4 is controlled to start each system, so that the part consisting of the conical lens I63, the conical lens II 64, the laser beam splitting module 65, the reflector 66, the laser beam combining module 54, the optical fiber tube electrode 3 and the electro-optical-hydraulic coupling mechanism 5 is formed layer by layer along the track of the established model, and the forming process is monitored through the result displayed on the computer 4.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, preferably, after step S3, the processing method further includes a finishing process for the shaped piece 9.
Specifically, when the surface quality of the formed member is poor, the finishing treatment step is used for finishing treatment.
Preferably, the finishing process comprises the steps of:
the first step is as follows: the waste liquid generated in the molding process is discharged into a waste liquid tank 85, the computer 4 is controlled to open the gas supply device 41, and the gas ejected from the gas nozzle 42 is used to remove the waste liquid on the upper surface of the molding member 9.
The second step: the finishing parameters are confirmed so that the laser beam 60 emitted by the light source is emitted through the hollow optical fiber 32 and irradiated on the surface of the formed part 9, and then the machine tool 20 is controlled so that the machine tool 20 performs the finishing process on the current layer along the planned track.
Specifically, in the process of confirming the optical finishing parameters, the computer 4 is controlled to turn on the electro-optical-hydraulic coupling mechanism 5 and the optical fiber tube electrode, so that the laser 61 emits the laser beam 60, and after passing through the dichroic beam splitter 62, the conical lens i 63, the conical lens ii 64, the laser beam splitting module 65, the reflector 66, the laser beam combining module 54 and the light guide substrate 321 in sequence, the laser beam is emitted from the light guide outlet 324 and irradiated on the surface of the forming part 9, and then the machine tool 20 is controlled to perform the optical finishing process on the current layer along the planned track.
The third step: transmitting the laser beam 60 to the surface of the forming member 9 through the hollow optical fiber 32, and simultaneously, allowing deionized water to enter a processing gap between the lower end of the optical fiber tube electrode 3 and the surface of the forming member 9 through the metal tube electrode 31, so that the laser beam 60 and the water jet are synchronously combined to perform the finishing treatment on the forming member 9; and after the processing is finished, continuing forming according to the current layer until the workpiece is formed.
In this embodiment, the finishing step is beneficial to solving the problems of recast layer and microcrack caused by thermal effect.
Preferably, in step S3, a laser 61 is used as a light source, a part of the laser beam 60 emitted by the laser 61 passes through a dichroic beam splitter 62, a conical lens i 63, a conical lens ii 64, a laser beam splitting module 65 and a reflecting mirror 66, the dichroic beam splitter 62 is arranged obliquely, the dichroic beam splitter 62 is used for reflecting the laser beam 60, and the conical lens i 63, the conical lens ii 64, the laser beam splitting module 65 and the reflecting mirror 66 are arranged on the light path of the laser beam 60 reflected by the dichroic beam splitter 62 in sequence from top to bottom; the reflecting mirror 66 is disposed obliquely so that the ring beam formed by reflection by the reflecting mirror 66 propagates into the fiber tube electrode 3.
Preferably, in step S3, the ring-shaped light beam formed by reflection of the mirror 66 further passes through the electro-optical liquid coupling mechanism 5 and then enters the optical fiber tube electrode 3;
the photoelectric and hydraulic coupling mechanism 5 comprises a coupling mechanism body 51, a hollow metal tube 52, a hollow reflector 53 and a laser beam combination module 54;
the hollow reflector 53 and the laser beam combining module 54 are sequentially arranged in the coupling mechanism body 51 from top to bottom, the hollow metal tube 52 penetrates through the hollow reflector 53 and the laser beam combining module 54, the upper end of the hollow metal tube 52 is connected with the liquid supply tank 8, and the lower end of the hollow metal tube 52 is connected with the metal tube electrode 31 of the optical fiber tube electrode 3 to form a closed electroforming liquid guiding passage.
Preferably, in step S3, another part of the laser beam 60 emitted by the laser 61 irradiates the CCD camera i 691 through the optical filter 67 and the convex lens 68 for observing whether the laser, the electroforming solution, the power supply and the optical fiber tube electrode are accurately coupled, and observing the state of the light spot focused on the substrate when no electroforming solution is injected, thereby realizing accurate transmission and interaction of the photo-electro-liquid
Preferably, in step S3, the laser beam 60 entering the fiber tube electrode 3 is guided by the hollow fiber 32 and exits from the focusing type micro-lens structure at the lower end of the hollow fiber 32 to form a solid spot 33 or a hollow annular spot 34.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method based on a fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device is characterized in that the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device comprises: the device comprises a power supply (1), a substrate (2), a light source and an optical fiber tube electrode (3), wherein the substrate (2) is used for being connected with a power supply cathode of the power supply (1);
the optical fiber tube electrode (3) comprises a metal tube electrode (31) and a hollow optical fiber (32) which are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the metal tube electrode (31) is connected with the power supply anode of the power supply (1), and an electroforming liquid circulation channel (310) is arranged inside the metal tube electrode (31);
the laser beam (60) emitted by the light source is used for guiding light through the hollow optical fiber (32) and focusing on the axis of the metal tube electrode (31) to complete metal particle deposition on the substrate (2) together with the electroforming solution so as to form a deposition layer;
the processing method comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the substrate (2) on a machine tool (20), connecting the substrate (2) with a power supply cathode of the power supply (1), connecting the optical fiber tube electrode (3) with a power supply anode of the power supply (1), and starting the power supply (1);
s2, enabling the electroforming solution to enter an electroforming solution flowing channel (310) in the metal tube electrode (31) of the optical fiber tube electrode (3) from a solution supply tank (8) and flow onto the substrate (2);
s3, enabling a laser beam (60) emitted by a light source to pass through a hollow optical fiber (32) in the optical fiber tube electrode (3) and emit out from the tail end of the hollow optical fiber (32) to irradiate the substrate (2), so that the laser beam (60) and the electroforming solution complete metal particle deposition together to form a deposition layer.
2. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing device according to claim 1, wherein before step S1, the method further comprises the steps of establishing a three-dimensional model by using three-dimensional software, slicing the three-dimensional model by using slicing software to form a slice file, and then introducing the slice file into a computer (4) so that the fiber tube electrode (3) moves along with the movement of the forming member track;
preparing electroforming solution with required concentration, and adding the electroforming solution into the liquid supply groove (8);
the substrate (2) is pretreated, grinding and polishing are firstly carried out, then surface degreasing, descaling and passivation are carried out, the substrate (2) is fixed on the machine tool (20), the X axis and the Y axis of the machine tool (20) are adjusted by observing the result fed back to the computer (4) by the CCD camera II (692), and a processing position is found so that the laser beam (60) is focused on the surface of the substrate (2).
3. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing device according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the flow of the electroforming solution is controlled by the computer (4), and a centrifugal pump and a regulating valve (83) are regulated to obtain a desired flow rate of the electroforming solution by observing the flow state of the electroforming solution and the indication of a flow meter (82).
4. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing device according to claim 3, further comprising confirming processing parameters and equipment states in step S3, starting each equipment through the computer (4), forming the fiber tube electrode (3) layer by layer along the track of the established model to form a formed part (9), and simultaneously monitoring the forming process through the result displayed by the computer (4).
5. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing device according to claim 4, further comprising, after step S3, a finishing treatment of the formed piece (9).
6. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing device according to claim 5, wherein the finishing treatment comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: discharging waste liquid generated in the forming process into a waste liquid tank (85), controlling the computer (4) to start the gas supply device (41), and removing the waste liquid on the upper surface of the forming piece (9) by using gas sprayed from the gas nozzle (42);
the second step is that: confirming a finishing parameter, enabling a laser beam (60) emitted by the light source to be emitted out through the hollow optical fiber (32) and irradiated on the surface of the formed part (9), and then controlling the machine tool (20) to enable the machine tool (20) to carry out finishing treatment on the current layer along the planned track;
the third step: transmitting the laser beam (60) to the surface of the formed part (9) through the hollow optical fiber (32), and simultaneously, enabling deionized water to enter a processing gap between the lower end of the optical fiber tube electrode (3) and the surface of the formed part (9) through the metal tube electrode (31) so as to enable the laser beam (60) and the water jet to be synchronously combined to carry out the finishing treatment on the formed part (9); and after the processing is finished, continuing forming according to the current layer until the workpiece is formed.
7. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing device according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, a laser (61) is used as a light source, a part of the laser beam (60) emitted by the laser (61) passes through a dichroic beam splitter (62), a conical lens i (63), a conical lens ii (64), a laser beam splitting module (65) and a reflector (66), the dichroic beam splitter (62) is obliquely arranged, the dichroic beam splitter (62) is used for reflecting the laser beam (60), and the conical lens i (63), the conical lens ii (64), the laser beam splitting module (65) and the reflector (66) are sequentially arranged on an optical path of the laser beam (60) reflected by the dichroic beam splitter (62) from top to bottom; the reflector (66) is obliquely arranged, so that the annular light beam formed by reflection of the reflector (66) is transmitted to the optical fiber tube electrode (3).
8. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing device according to claim 7, wherein in step S3, the annular beam formed by reflection of the reflector (66) further enters the fiber tube electrode (3) after passing through the electro-optical liquid coupling mechanism (5);
the photoelectric and hydraulic coupling mechanism (5) comprises a coupling mechanism body (51), a hollow metal tube (52), a hollow reflector (53) and a laser beam combination module (54);
the inside of coupling mechanism body (51) is from last to having set gradually down cavity speculum (53) with laser closes and restraints module (54), cavity tubular metal resonator (52) pass cavity speculum (53) with laser closes and restraints module (54), cavity tubular metal resonator (52) upper end with supply cistern (8) link to each other, cavity tubular metal resonator (52) lower extreme with fiber tube electrode (3) tubular metal resonator electrode (31) link to each other to form the confined electroforming liquid leading-in passageway.
9. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing device according to claim 7, wherein in step S3, another part of the laser beam (60) emitted by the laser (61) is irradiated onto the CCD camera i (691) through the optical filter (67) and the convex lens (68);
light filter (67) convex lens (68) with CCD camera I (691) is located the top of dichroic spectroscope (62) and from supreme setting gradually down, CCD camera I (691) is connected with industrial computer (7), industrial computer (7) be used for with computer (4) are connected, computer (4) be used for with power (1) is connected.
10. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial hybrid processing device according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the laser beam (60) entering the fiber tube electrode (3) is guided through the hollow fiber (32) and emitted from the focusing type micro-lens structure at the lower end of the hollow fiber (32) to form a solid light spot (33) or a hollow annular light spot (34).
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