CN115286880A - 一种硅藻泥木塑墙板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种硅藻泥木塑墙板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请适用于装饰材料技术领域,公开了一种硅藻泥木塑墙板及其制备方法,墙板包括以下组分:硅藻土、植物纤维粉、轻钙、棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、CTPB、PVC树脂、阻燃剂以及辅助添加剂;其中,阻燃剂包括三聚氰胺MCA、三氧化二锑以及硼酸锌。由硅藻土、植物纤维粉及轻钙组成的填充料,经过棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂以及CTPB进行接枝和包裹后形成活化粉,使其与PVC树脂粉的界面相容,钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂与CTPB以及棕榈油之间形成互穿网络或包裹缠绕的结构,提高了活化粉的表面活性,最后配合阻燃剂制备得到阻燃效果极佳的硅藻泥木塑墙板。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及装饰材料技术领域,具体涉及一种硅藻泥木塑墙板及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于木塑中的植物纤维和塑料均属于易燃材料,自身不具备阻燃性能,故存在着火灾等安全隐患,限制了现有的木塑复合材料的应用。为此,对木塑阻燃性能的研究一直受到人们的重视。目前,现有的硅藻泥木塑墙板中,活化粉的表面活性不佳,活化粉与阻燃剂等材料相容性较差,导致墙板的消醛以及阻燃效果不理想。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一,为此,本申请提出一种硅藻泥木塑墙板及其制备方法。
硅藻泥木塑墙板包括以下组分:硅藻土、植物纤维粉、轻钙、棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、端羧基液体聚丁二烯橡胶(CTPB)、PVC树脂、阻燃剂以及辅助添加剂;
其中,所述阻燃剂包括三聚氰胺MCA、三氧化二锑以及硼酸锌。
进一步具体地说,上述技术方案中,各组分以质量百分含量计算表示如下:
进一步具体地说,上述技术方案中,所述植物纤维粉包括木粉、稻壳粉、玉米芯粉、秸秆粉以及艾草粉中的一种或多种。
进一步具体地说,上述技术方案中,以质量百分含量计算,所述阻燃剂还包括氧化镁0.7%-1.3%以及氧化铝2.1%-2.8%。
进一步具体地说,上述技术方案中,以质量百分含量计算,所述辅助添加剂包括钙锌稳定剂1.8%-2.4%、ACR抗冲改性剂3.8%-4.4%、发泡调节剂2.8%-3.3%、AC发泡剂1.4%-0.6%、润滑剂0.5%-0.8%、增塑剂0.8%-1.2%、增韧剂CPE 2.8%-3.4%以及抗收缩剂0.2%-0.4%。
进一步具体地说,上述技术方案中,所述润滑剂包括内润滑剂G600.2%-0.3%、外润滑PE蜡0.3%-0.4%以及硬脂酸18010.1%-0.2%。
本申请还提出一种上述硅藻泥木塑墙板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将硅藻土、植物纤维粉、轻钙、棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂以及CTPB加热搅拌均匀,冷却后形成活化粉;
将PVC树脂、阻燃剂以及辅助添加剂加热搅拌均匀,随后加入所述活化粉继续升温混匀,冷却后挤出定型得到硅藻泥木塑墙板。
进一步具体地说,上述技术方案中,将硅藻土、植物纤维粉、轻钙、棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂以及CTPB加热至115℃搅拌均匀,随后置于冷却锅内搅拌至45℃-50℃时,形成活化粉。
进一步具体地说,上述技术方案中,将PVC树脂、阻燃剂以及辅助添加剂加热至60℃搅拌均匀,随后加入所述活化粉继续升温至125℃混匀,冷却至45℃挤出定型得到硅藻泥木塑墙板。
与现有技术相比,本申请实施例具有以下有益效果:
由硅藻土、植物纤维粉及轻钙组成的填充料,经过棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂以及CTPB进行接枝和包裹后形成活化粉,使其与PVC树脂粉的界面相容,最后配合阻燃剂三聚氰胺MCA等制备得到阻燃效果极佳的硅藻泥木塑墙板。钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂与CTPB以及棕榈油之间形成互穿网络或包裹缠绕的结构,提高了活化粉与三聚氰胺MCA等阻燃剂之间的相容性,得到了阻燃效果极佳的硅藻泥木塑墙板。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明,但下述实例仅仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一,为此,本申请提出一种硅藻泥木塑墙板及其制备方法。
硅藻泥木塑墙板包括以下组分:硅藻土、植物纤维粉、轻钙、棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、端羧基液体聚丁二烯橡胶(CTPB)、PVC树脂、阻燃剂以及辅助添加剂;
其中,所述阻燃剂包括三聚氰胺MCA、三氧化二锑以及硼酸锌。
硅藻土作为填料可以提高墙板的稳定性、弹性、分散性等,并提高产品的强度、耐磨性和耐酸性,此外硅藻泥具有消除甲醛、净化空气、调节湿度、释放负氧离子、防火阻燃和杀菌除臭的功能。
由植物纤维粉制成的墙板具有环保、节能、质轻、无毒无味、无辐射、高强度、阻燃、隔音、保温、抗震及防水等优异性能。
钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂与CTPB以及棕榈油之间形成接枝或互穿网络或包裹缠绕的结构,提高了活化粉的表面活性,使活化粉与各种阻燃剂尤其是三聚氰胺MCA之间的相容性增大,得到了阻燃效果极佳的硅藻泥木塑墙板。钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂与CTPB以及棕榈油之间的溶剂可采用环氧大豆油对其进行相溶。
可通过辅助添加剂提高墙体的多种性能,辅助添加剂可以是加工助剂、功能助剂等。
在一些实施例中,各组分以质量百分含量计算表示如下:
在一些实施例中,所述植物纤维粉包括木粉、稻壳粉、玉米芯粉、秸秆粉以及艾草粉中的一种或多种。
木粉是可再生的生态材料,具有环境污染小、加工能耗小、可自然降解等绿色环保的优点。相比传统的石油化学材料墙体,木粉不但环境友好还更加轻质。
艾草粉不仅可以提高墙体的保温隔热以及隔音效果,且艾叶粉是菊科多年生草本植物,它不仅是中药中的一种祛寒药,具有性温而香,暖气血而温经络,逐寒湿而止疼痛之药用。
碎稻壳热传导率为0.067W/(m·K),稻壳作为一种植物纤维被应用到建材中,可以发挥纤维的增韧、阻裂的作用提高材料强度;质轻导热率低,适量使用可减轻建材容重增强材料的保温隔热性。
秸杆粉这类墙体具有非常高效的节能作用,秸杆墙板的保温系数要远远高于粘土砖墙,而取暖热耗和取暖成本远远低于粘土砖墙,每年可节省大量的能源消耗,减少取暖支出。
在一些实施例中,以质量百分含量计算,所述阻燃剂还包括氧化镁0.7%-1.3%以及氧化铝2.1%-2.8%。也可以是氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝。
在一些实施例中,以质量百分含量计算,所述辅助添加剂包括钙锌稳定剂1.8%-2.4%、ACR抗冲改性剂3.8%-4.4%、发泡调节剂2.8%-3.3%、AC发泡剂1.4%-0.6%、润滑剂0.5%-0.8%、增塑剂0.8%-1.2%、增韧剂CPE 2.8%-3.4%以及抗收缩剂0.2%-0.4%。
ACR(Acrylic copolymer)是一种具有核-壳结构的丙烯酸酯类共聚物,其乳胶粒具有两层或多层的核/壳结构形态,是一种综合性能优良的PVC抗冲改性剂。一般地人们把以提高塑料韧性为目的而使用的助剂称之为抗冲改性剂;以改进加工性能为目的而使用的助剂为加工性剂,而ACR树脂兼具抗冲改性和加工改性双重功能的塑料加工助剂。因ACR树脂具有核-壳结构,使其加入PVC中制品具有优良的抗击性,低温韧性,与PVC相容性,耐侯性,热变形性等。
PVC树脂由于其分子链结构中有大量的极性C-C1键,分子之间存在较大的作用力,属于硬脆材料,冲击强度较低,且具有缺口敏感性,受外力冲击时容易脆裂,因此需要增加增韧剂增强补韧改性。
钙锌稳定剂由钙盐、锌盐、润滑剂、抗氧剂等为主要组分采用特殊复合工艺而合成,它不但可以取代铅镉盐类和有机锡类等有毒稳定剂,而且具有相当好的热稳定性、光稳定性和透明性及着色力。在PVC树脂制品中,加工性能好,热稳定作用相当于铅盐类稳定剂,是一种良好的无毒稳定剂。
发泡调节剂是一种提高熔体的压力和扭矩,从而有效增加熔体的内聚力和均质性,使所得到的制品更致密。
抗收缩剂能够减少墙板的收缩率,墙板在过程中拼接中不会产生缝隙。
在一些实施例中,所述润滑剂包括内润滑剂G60 0.2%-0.3%、外润滑PE蜡0.3%-0.4%以及硬脂酸1801 0.1%-0.2%。此外润滑剂还可以包括0.15%-0.2%的氧化聚乙烯蜡。
本申请还提出一种上述硅藻泥木塑墙板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将硅藻土、植物纤维粉、轻钙、棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂以及CTPB加热搅拌均匀,冷却后形成活化粉;
将PVC树脂、阻燃剂以及辅助添加剂加热搅拌均匀,随后加入所述活化粉继续升温混匀,冷却后挤出定型得到硅藻泥木塑墙板。
在一些实施例中,将硅藻土、植物纤维粉、轻钙、棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂以及CTPB加热至115℃搅拌均匀,随后置于冷却锅内搅拌至45℃-50℃时,形成活化粉。
在一些实施例中,将PVC树脂、阻燃剂以及辅助添加剂加热至60℃搅拌均匀,随后加入所述活化粉继续升温至125℃混匀,冷却至45℃挤出定型得到硅藻泥木塑墙板。
以下结合具体实施例对本申请做进一步的说明。
实施例1
硅藻泥木塑墙板的制备:
将硅藻土13.2%、植物纤维粉15.9%、轻钙2.6%、棕榈油0.5%、钛酸酯偶联剂0.4%、铝酸酯偶联剂0.3%以及CTPB 6%加热至115℃搅拌均匀,随后置于冷却锅内搅拌至45℃-50℃时,形成活化粉;
将PVC树脂35.1%、三聚氰胺MCA2.1%、三氧化二锑3.2%、硼酸锌2.1%、氧化镁0.9%、氧化铝2.6%、钙锌稳定剂2.1%、ACR抗冲改性剂4.2%、发泡调节剂3.2%、AC发泡剂0.5%、润滑剂0.6%、增塑剂1.1%、增韧剂CPE 3.2%以及抗收缩剂0.2%加热至60℃搅拌均匀,随后加入上述活化粉继续升温至125℃混匀,冷却至45℃,并经高温聚合后挤出定型得到硅藻泥木塑墙板。
实施例2
硅藻泥木塑墙板的制备:
将硅藻土11.2%、植物纤维粉14.9%、轻钙2.6%、棕榈油0.5%、钛酸酯偶联剂0.4%、铝酸酯偶联剂0.3%以及CTPB 8%加热至115℃搅拌均匀,随后置于冷却锅内搅拌至45℃-50℃时,形成活化粉;
将PVC树脂35.1%、三聚氰胺MCA2.1%、三氧化二锑3.2%、硼酸锌2.1%、氧化镁0.9%、氧化铝2.6%、钙锌稳定剂2.1%、ACR抗冲改性剂4.2%、发泡调节剂3.2%、AC发泡剂0.5%、润滑剂0.6%、增塑剂1.1%、增韧剂CPE 3.2%以及抗收缩剂0.2%加热至60℃搅拌均匀,随后加入上述活化粉继续升温至125℃混匀,冷却至45℃,并经高温聚合后挤出定型得到硅藻泥木塑墙板。
实施例3
硅藻泥木塑墙板的制备:
将硅藻土11.2%、植物纤维粉13.9%、轻钙2.6%、棕榈油0.5%、钛酸酯偶联剂0.4%、铝酸酯偶联剂0.3%以及CTPB 9%加热至115℃搅拌均匀,随后置于冷却锅内搅拌至45℃-50℃时,形成活化粉;
将PVC树脂35.1%、三聚氰胺MCA2.1%、三氧化二锑3.2%、硼酸锌2.1%、氧化镁0.9%、氧化铝2.6%、钙锌稳定剂2.1%、ACR抗冲改性剂4.2%、发泡调节剂3.2%、AC发泡剂0.5%、润滑剂0.6%、增塑剂1.1%、增韧剂CPE 3.2%以及抗收缩剂0.2%加热至60℃搅拌均匀,随后加入上述活化粉继续升温至125℃混匀,冷却至45℃,并经高温聚合后挤出定型得到硅藻泥木塑墙板。
对比例1
硅藻泥木塑墙板的制备:
将硅藻土14.2%、植物纤维粉19.9%、轻钙2.6%、棕榈油0.5%、钛酸酯偶联剂0.4%以及铝酸酯偶联剂0.3%加热至115℃搅拌均匀,随后置于冷却锅内搅拌至45℃-50℃时,形成活化粉;
将PVC树脂35.1%、三聚氰胺MCA2.1%、三氧化二锑3.2%、硼酸锌2.1%、氧化镁0.9%、氧化铝2.6%、钙锌稳定剂2.1%、ACR抗冲改性剂4.2%、发泡调节剂3.2%、AC发泡剂0.5%、润滑剂0.6%、增塑剂1.1%、增韧剂CPE 3.2%以及抗收缩剂0.2%加热至60℃搅拌均匀,随后加入上述活化粉继续升温至125℃混匀,冷却至45℃,并经高温聚合后挤出定型得到硅藻泥木塑墙板。
对比例2
硅藻泥木塑墙板的制备:
将硅藻土14.2%、植物纤维粉16.9%、轻钙2.6%、棕榈油0.5%、钛酸酯偶联剂0.4%、铝酸酯偶联剂0.3%以及CTPB 6%加热至115℃搅拌均匀,随后置于冷却锅内搅拌至45℃-50℃时,形成活化粉;
将PVC树脂35.2%、三氧化二锑3.2%、硼酸锌2.1%、氧化镁0.9%、氧化铝2.6%、钙锌稳定剂2.1%、ACR抗冲改性剂4.2%、发泡调节剂3.2%、AC发泡剂0.5%、润滑剂0.6%、增塑剂1.1%、增韧剂CPE 3.2%以及抗收缩剂0.2%加热至60℃搅拌均匀,随后加入上述活化粉继续升温至125℃混匀,冷却至45℃,并经高温聚合后挤出定型得到硅藻泥木塑墙板。
下面对制得的硅藻泥木塑墙板的性能进行测试,测试结果如表1所示。
表1
抗压强度,MPa/cm<sup>2</sup> | 阻燃性 | |
实施例1 | 2.33 | V-0 |
实施例2 | 2.41 | V-0 |
实施例3 | 2.36 | V-0 |
对比例1 | 2.01 | V-2 |
对比例2 | 2.38 | V-1 |
HB:UL94标准中最低的阻燃等级,要求对于3到13毫米厚的样品,燃烧速度小于40毫米每分钟;小于3毫米厚的样品,燃烧速度小于70毫米每分钟;或者在100毫米的标志前熄灭。
V-2:对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后,火焰在60秒内熄灭;可以有燃烧物掉下。
V-1:对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后,火焰在60秒内熄灭;不能有燃烧物掉下。
V-0:对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后,火焰在30秒内熄灭;不能有燃烧物掉下。
实施例1-3中CTPB的质量百分含量逐渐增大,对比例1中未添加CTPB,对比例2中未添加三聚氰胺MCA。
在实际测试中,实施例1的火焰在第5秒熄灭,实施例2中的火焰在第12秒熄灭,实施例3中的火焰在第20秒熄灭,而实施例1-3中CTPB的质量百分含量逐渐增大,因此随着CTPB含量的增加,墙板的阻燃效果也在进一步优化。
根据表1可知,未添加CTPB后硅藻泥木塑墙板的阻燃性显著下降,未添加三聚氰胺MCA后硅藻泥木塑墙板的阻燃性也有下降。因此钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂与CTPB以及棕榈油之间形成互穿网络或包裹缠绕的结构,提高了活化粉与阻燃剂尤其是三聚氰胺MCA之间的相容性,得到了阻燃效果极佳的硅藻泥木塑墙板。
以上所述实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种硅藻泥木塑墙板,其特征在于,包括以下组分:硅藻土、植物纤维粉、轻钙、棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、端羧基液体聚丁二烯橡胶(CTPB)、PVC树脂、阻燃剂以及辅助添加剂;
其中,所述阻燃剂包括三聚氰胺MCA、三氧化二锑以及硼酸锌。
3.根据权利要求2所述的硅藻泥木塑墙板,其特征在于,所述植物纤维粉包括木粉、稻壳粉、玉米芯粉、秸秆粉以及艾草粉中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的硅藻泥木塑墙板,其特征在于,以质量百分含量计算,所述阻燃剂还包括氧化镁0.7%-1.3%以及氧化铝2.1%-2.8%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的硅藻泥木塑墙板,其特征在于,以质量百分含量计算,所述辅助添加剂包括钙锌稳定剂1.8%-2.4%、ACR抗冲改性剂3.8%-4.4%、发泡调节剂2.8%-3.3%、AC发泡剂1.4%-0.6%、润滑剂0.5%-0.8%、增塑剂0.8%-1.2%、增韧剂CPE2.8%-3.4%以及抗收缩剂0.2%-0.4%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的硅藻泥木塑墙板,其特征在于,所述润滑剂包括内润滑剂G600.2%-0.3%、外润滑PE蜡0.3%-0.4%以及硬脂酸1801 0.1%-0.2%。
7.一种权利要求1-6任一项所述硅藻泥木塑墙板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将硅藻土、植物纤维粉、轻钙、棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂以及CTPB加热搅拌均匀,冷却后形成活化粉;
将PVC树脂、阻燃剂以及辅助添加剂加热搅拌均匀,随后加入所述活化粉继续升温混匀,冷却后挤出定型得到硅藻泥木塑墙板。
8.根据权利要求7所述硅藻泥木塑墙板的制备方法,其特征在于,将硅藻土、植物纤维粉、轻钙、棕榈油、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂以及CTPB加热至115℃搅拌均匀,随后置于冷却锅内搅拌至45℃-50℃时,形成活化粉。
9.根据权利要求8所述硅藻泥木塑墙板的制备方法,其特征在于,将PVC树脂、阻燃剂以及辅助添加剂加热至60℃搅拌均匀,随后加入所述活化粉继续升温至125℃混匀,冷却至45℃挤出定型得到硅藻泥木塑墙板。
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