CN115281044A - Anti-cracking planting method for Hainan thick-skin netted muskmelon - Google Patents
Anti-cracking planting method for Hainan thick-skin netted muskmelon Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to an anti-cracking planting method for Hainan thick-peel netted melon, which comprises the steps of variety selection, seedling cultivation, seedling transplantation, seedling field planting, land preparation, fertilization and pipe laying, water and fertilizer control, branch repair, pollination, melon hanging treatment, fruit navel treatment, harvesting and the like; in the selection process of the variety, a crack-resistant variety of the cantaloupe thick-skin netted melon in Hainan needs to be selected; the hilum treatment comprises the steps of cutting off the hilum part by a knife between 10 am and 4 pm when the fruit grows to be 0.15-0.30KG after pollination or between 10 am and 4 pm, wherein the part of a female flower left on the hilum is cut off cleanly, the knife is disinfected by alcohol after each operation, the hilum part can be naturally dried in the air or sprayed with 1200-1500 times of 45% amidine fresh amine missible oil when the weather is fine after the cutting is finished, and then the wound is managed according to the conventional method until the wound is completely healed. The invention has the advantages that: the fruit cracking rate of the hilum part of the Hainan thick-skin netted melon can be greatly reduced, so that the planting quality and the yield of the Hainan thick-skin netted melon can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of netted melon planting, in particular to an anti-cracking planting method for Hainan thick-skin netted melons.
Background
The Hainan thick-skin netted melon is also called sweet melon or muskmelon. The Hainan thick-skin netted melon is named after sweet taste and also named as muskmelon because of faint scent. The Hainan thick-peel netted melon is a summer melon and has a nutritive value comparable to that of watermelon. According to the determination, the moisture content and the protein content of the Hainan thick-skin netted melon are lower than those of the watermelon, other nutrient components are not less than those of the watermelon, and the contents of aromatic substances, mineral substances, sugar and vitamin C are obviously higher than those of the watermelon. The Hainan thick-skin netted melon can be eaten more, is beneficial to the activities of the heart, the liver and the intestinal system of a human body, and promotes the endocrine and the hematopoietic function. The Hainan thick-skin netted melon is confirmed by traditional Chinese medicine to have the remarkable effects of relieving summer heat, relieving restlessness and thirst and promoting urination.
However, due to various reasons, cracks are generated in the ripening and planting process of the Hainan cantaloupe, generally speaking, the fruit cracking rate of the Hainan cantaloupe is 5-10%, so that the taste of the Hainan cantaloupe is changed, and the quality and the yield of the Hainan cantaloupe are even affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome at least part of defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides an anti-cracking planting method for Hainan thick-skin netted melons, which can effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate and improve the quality and yield of the Hainan thick-skin netted melons.
The invention relates to an anti-cracking planting method for Hainan thick-peel netted melon, which comprises the steps of variety selection, seedling cultivation, seedling transplantation, seedling field planting, land preparation, fertilization and pipe laying, water and fertilizer control, branch repair, pollination, melon hanging treatment, fruit navel treatment, harvesting and the like;
in the selection process of the variety, a crack-resistant variety of the cantaloupe thick-skin netted melon in Hainan needs to be selected;
the hilum treatment comprises the steps of cutting off the hilum part by using a small knife between 10 am and 4 pm when the fruit grows to be 0.15-0.30KG after pollination or when the fruit grows to be 0.15-0.30KG, wherein the part of a female flower left on the hilum is cut off cleanly, the small knife is disinfected by using alcohol after each operation, the hilum can be naturally dried in the air or sprayed with 45% amidine fresh amine missible oil 1200-1500 times when the weather is fine after the cutting is finished, and then the wound is managed according to the conventional method until the wound is completely healed, so that the fruit cracking rate of the hilum part of the Hainan cantaloupe muskmelon can be greatly reduced.
Further, water and fertilizer integrated irrigation is adopted, top dressing is mainly carried out in the early stage, balanced fertilizers are mainly used as fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used in the flowering period, high potassium is mainly used in the early stage of fruit expansion, the fertilizing amount is reduced or no fertilizer is applied 15-20 days after pollination, water is kept unchanged, the fruit cracking rate is reduced, watering is not required or is reduced as much as possible about 10 days before picking, and further cracked melons are prevented.
Furthermore, a small amount of fertilizer application is performed for multiple times in principle, namely, the fertilizer application amount at one time is small and the fertilizer application times are large, and the irrigation time, the irrigation amount and the irrigation times are determined according to the characteristics of the Hainan muskmelon, the growth period, the weather, the soil and the like of the muskmelon; applying fertilizer along with water in time according to the growth fertilizer requirement rule of plants, and properly controlling water after the plants are planted and survived in the early stage so as to facilitate roots to penetrate into a soil layer; during the full period of bacterial fruit rot and downy mildew, the irrigation amount is properly reduced while the chemical treatment is adopted.
Further, the pollination and melon hanging treatment comprises hanger treatment, hanger supporting lines are installed and tensioned along the shed by using steel wire ropes when the shed is built, a thin nylon rope is prepared for each reserved vine to serve as a lead, the upper end of the nylon rope is tied to the transverse line, the lower end of the nylon rope is tied to a slipknot and tied to the base of a plant stem, and adjustment is carried out in time according to the growth condition of the plant;
the three-vine two-fruit pruning is to pluck the core of the main vine after 4-5 main leaves are grown, leave 3 subsidiary vines or leave the main vine, leave 2 strong subsidiary vines at the base, select 2-3 auxiliary vines at the proper node of each vine for fruiting preparation vines, leave 2 fruiting auxiliary vines and 2 fruits for each plant after fruit setting, and completely remove other side vines.
Further, the pollination and trichosanthes kirilowii treatment comprises the following steps:
s1, artificial pollination: on the day of female flower opening, selecting a newly opened male flower on the day, picking off the flower crown, exposing the stamen, lightly rubbing the stamen aiming at the stigma of the female flower, and uniformly smearing the pollen on the stigma;
s2, treating a growth regulator: if the climate conditions are poor during the period of sitting melon, such as the night temperature is lower than 15 ℃, pollen dysplasia; or the relative humidity of the air is higher than 85%, and the stigma and the pollen are soaked; or the plants grow excessively, the illumination in the shed is weak, the plants are treated by a growth regulator, the growth regulator adopts fruit beauty or forchlorfenuron, the melon embryos are dipped by liquid medicine prepared on the same day for 1 time or uniformly sprayed by a small sprayer for 1 time on the day when the female flowers open or the day before the female flowers open, and the medicine can not be reused, the concentration is not suitable to be too high, the medicine is required to be uniform, otherwise, deformed fruits are easy to appear;
and S3, reserving the snakegourd and the snakegourd.
Further, the melon and the trichosanthes kirilowii are remained and hung, and the method comprises the following steps:
a1, adopting a three-vine two-fruit pruning mode, and carrying out fruit retention on the grand vines with fruit setting sections positioned at 10 th to 13 th sections;
a2, when the young melons grow to the size of eggs, selecting young melons with fresh and tender fruit colors, regular fruit types, small fruit umbilicals and long and thick fruit stems to be left, and timely and completely removing the unselected excessive young melons;
a3, when the melon grows to 250 grams, hanging the melon in time, directly tying the melon to a part close to the fruit real part of a fruit stem by using a nylon rope, hanging the melon, tying the other end of the hanging rope to a forward iron wire or sleeving a plastic mesh bag on the melon, tying the tied hanging rope on the forward hanger iron wire to the mesh bag, hanging the melon, and paying attention to prevent the young melon from being hit and damaging the melon stem, wherein the heights of the hanging ropes are as consistent as possible.
Further, the land preparation, fertilization and pipe laying are carried out 15 days before field planting, including soil deep ploughing, fine harrowing, leveling and ridge making, 160 kg/mu of multi-generation field biological fertilizer, 10 kg/mu of soil, super 1 kg/mu of medium and micro slow release fertilizer pulse and 20 kg/mu of Entak high potash fertilizer are applied to the bottom of each ridge as base fertilizer, the fertilizer is evenly ploughed and buried in a plough layer, water soluble fertilizer is applied according to 35 kg/mu of topdressing, ridge forming is carried out according to the row spacing of 2 meters, the ridge height is 0.2 meter, the ridge width is 0.7 meter, and 2-3 drip irrigation pipes are laid in each ridge.
Furthermore, when the seedlings are transplanted to have 2-3 true leaves and cotyledons are unfolded and begin to break the heart, the selected seedlings need to meet the standards of intact cotyledons, thick and strong stems, dark green leaves, no pest damage and normal seedling age.
Furthermore, harvesting is carried out after dew is dry in the morning, the fruit stalks are cut off during picking, the fruits are lightly taken and lightly placed to avoid damaging the bodies of the fruits due to collision, the picked commodity melons are sorted in time in a grading manner, each melon is sleeved with a foamed plastic net, and then the melons are graded, boxed and loaded for shipment.
Furthermore, the root system can not be damaged in the seedling planting process, the root system of the transplanted seedling is in full contact with the matrix, the overhead is prevented, and the root fixing water is irrigated in time after the planting.
The invention has the advantages that: through the optimization of varieties, the hilum treatment and the adjustment of water and fertilizer control, the probability of fruit cracking of the Hainan thick-skin netted melon in the planting process can be effectively reduced, and therefore the planting quality and the yield of the Hainan thick-skin netted melon are effectively improved.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an operation method for preventing fruit cracking at the fruit navel part.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the fruit cracking rates of example 1, example 2 and example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the anti-cracking planting method for the Hainan thick-skin netted melons comprises the following steps:
selection of varieties and seedling cultivation: the crack-resistant netted Hainan thick-skin netted melon varieties such as 'Dumi No. 5' and the like are selected for cultivating seedlings, so that the fruit cracking rate of the netted Hainan thick-skin netted melon can be reduced.
Transplanting seedlings: transplanting when the seedling has 2-3 true leaves, wherein the proper period for transplanting the young seedling is when the cotyledon is flat and the core is broken. Standard of strong seedlings of Hainan thick-skin netted melon: the cotyledon is intact, the stem is thick and strong, the leaf color is dark green, no pest and disease damage exists, and the seedling age is normal.
Seedling planting: the total requirements of the field planting are that the root system is not damaged, the root system of the transplanted seedling needs to be fully contacted with the matrix to prevent overhead, and the root fixing water needs to be irrigated in time after the field planting.
Soil preparation, fertilization and pipe laying: 15 days before field planting, soil is deeply ploughed and finely harrowed, before leveling and ridge making, 160 kg/mu of thousand-generation field biological fertilizer, 10 kg/mu of moist soil (sugar alcohol calcium magnesium fertilizer), 1 kg/mu of medium and trace slow release fertilizer vein element and 20 kg/mu of Entak high potassium fertilizer are applied to the bottom of each ridge to serve as base fertilizers, and the fertilizers are evenly ploughed and buried in a plough layer. Water soluble fertilizer is applied according to 35 kg/mu of topdressing. Ridge forming is carried out according to the row spacing of 2 meters, the height of the ridge is 0.2 meter, and the width of the ridge is 0.7 meter. 2-3 drip irrigation pipes are laid in the ridges. The working pressure of a dripper of a patch type drip irrigation tape provided by water source equipment is 0.02-0.25Mpa, the flow rate of each seedling stage is generally 0.5L-1.0L, the plant growth stage is 1.0L-1.5L, and the fruit swelling stage is 1.5L-3.0L. The water source is clean, and a 60-mesh silk screen is arranged for filtering. And after the field planting is finished, a silver-black double-color mulching film or a degradable mulching film with the width of 1.2 meters is paved, and the silver gray surface faces upwards when the silver-black double-color mulching film is used.
Controlling water and fertilizer: the drip irrigation fertilization is performed in principle by a small amount of fertilizer application, namely, the fertilizer application amount at one time is small, and the fertilizer application times are large. Determining irrigation time, irrigation amount and irrigation times according to characteristics of the Hainan thick-peel netted melon and conditions of a growing period, weather, soil and the like of the Hainan thick-peel netted melon; and (3) applying fertilizer along with water in time by combining the growth fertilizer requirement rule of plants. After the early stage of planting and survival, properly controlling water to facilitate the roots to penetrate into the soil layer; during the growth period of bacterial fruit rot and downy mildew, the irrigation amount is properly reduced while the treatment is carried out by adopting medicaments.
The Hainan muskmelon is irrigated by adopting water and fertilizer integration, the top dressing in the early stage is mainly balanced fertilizer, the flowering period is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the fruit swelling early stage is mainly high potassium, the fertilizing amount is reduced or no fertilizer is applied 15-20 days after pollination, the moisture is kept unchanged, the fruit cracking rate can be reduced, and the top dressing is preferably applied by water soluble fertilizer. And (4) topdressing, namely, watering the fertilizer by dragging a pipe of a root fixing water sprayer, and applying the fertilizer by drip irrigation under a film. Specifically, a pumping pressurized fertilizer and water delivery mode is adopted, and the fertilizing amount is 1-3kg/667m per time 2 And calcium, magnesium, silicon and organic carbon fertilizer are supplemented for 3-5 times in the whole process. Watering is not needed or is reduced as much as possible about 10 days before picking, and cracked melons are prevented.
Repairing branches: the thick-skin Hainan thick-skin netted melon has larger fruits and heavier melons, and is suitable for being hung in a greenhouse for cultivation. The hanger supporting lines are generally installed and tensioned along the shed by steel wire ropes when the shed is built, and a thin nylon rope is prepared for each reserved vine as a lead. The upper end of the nylon rope is tied to the transverse line, the lower end of the nylon rope is tied to the slipknot and tied to the base of the plant stem, and the nylon rope is timely adjusted according to the growth condition of the plant. The cantaloupe muskmelon in Hainan pachymen has strong branching capability, and almost every section can grow a lateral branch, so timely pruning is needed. The three-vine two-fruit pruning is to pluck the core of the main vine after 4-5 main leaves are grown, leave 3 subsidiary vines or leave the main vine, leave 2 strong subsidiary vines at the base, select 2-3 auxiliary vines at the proper node of each vine for fruiting preparation vines, leave 2 fruiting auxiliary vines and 2 fruits for each plant after fruit setting, and completely remove other side vines. The small fruit type variety (average single fruit is less than 2 kg) adopts a pruning mode of three vines and two fruits, and generally about 850-900 plants are planted per mu; a big fruit type variety (average single fruit is more than 2 kg) is planted with about 750-800 plants per mu in a pruning mode with three vines and two fruits. The pruning mode is favorable for controlling premature senility, fruit cracking and difficult coverage of the netted melon in Hainan province.
Pollination and trichosanthes kirilowii treatment: old leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part of the melon vine are removed in time to avoid infecting other leaves as a disease source after infection. Meanwhile, after the old leaves at the lower part are picked off, the ventilation and the light transmission in the field are facilitated. The old leaves are generally picked after the melon is fixed, and the old leaves are mainly picked from 2 to 3 old leaves at the base part.
Pinching is favorable for controlling the growth vigor of plants, preventing spindling and also is favorable for seating melons. In addition, early pinching is also beneficial to promoting fruit ripening. However, when the pinching is too early and the number of leaves left on the vine is insufficient, the plant is easy to senilis, and in turn, the weight and quality of the melon are also reduced. The pinching is divided into fruit branch pinching and main vine pinching, and the suitable pinching time is as follows: the fruit branch pinching is carried out on the day of the female flowers opening or within 1-2 days before the female flowers bloom, and generally, the pinching is carried out after 1 leaf is left behind a fruit section; the main vine pinching is carried out between 20-25 knots.
Pollinating, treating and harvesting the trichosanthes kirilowii:
s1, artificial pollination: on the day when the female flowers bloom, selecting the male flowers newly bloomed on the day (the male flowers which begin to shed pollen need to be confirmed), picking off the flowers, removing the crowns, exposing stamens, slightly rubbing the flowers for several times aiming at the stigmas of the female flowers, and uniformly smearing the pollen on the stigmas. The effective pollination time of the Hainan thick-skin netted melon is within 5-6 hours from blooming to blooming, and the pollination time is short, so that the pollination time cannot be missed because the pollination needs to be carried out in time after female flowers bloom. Meanwhile, the pollination amount is sufficient, and generally one male flower pollinates only one female flower. Care was taken not to bruise the stigma of the female flowers during pollination.
S2, treating with a growth regulator: under normal climatic conditions and reasonable fertilizer and water management, normal melon setting of melon plants can be guaranteed only through artificial pollination. If the climate conditions are poor during the period of sitting melon, such as the night temperature is lower than 15 ℃, the pollen is dysplastic; or the relative humidity of the air is higher than 85%, and stigma and pollen are soaked; or the plants grow excessively and the illumination in the shed is weak. At this point the artificial pollination method is no longer applicable and must be treated with a growth regulator. The growth regulator is fruit juice or forchlorfenuron. Dipping the melon embryo with the liquid medicine prepared on the same day for 1 time or uniformly spraying the melon embryo with a small sprayer for 1 time on the day before the female flower opens. The medicine cannot be used repeatedly, the concentration is not suitable to be too high, the medicine is required to be uniformly used, or abnormal fruits are easy to appear.
S3, reserving the snakegourd and the trichosanthes kirilowii:
A1. and (4) reserving melon nodes: the height of the nodes of the melon seeds is directly related to the size, the yield and the quality of the melon seeds. The pruning mode of three vines and two fruits is that the fruit setting section is generally that the 10 th to 13 th section of the sun vine leaves the fruit.
A2. Selecting melon standard: when the young melon grows to the size of eggs, the young melon is in a proper period of melon retention, the young melon cannot be seen accurately too early, and nutrients are wasted too late. Young melons with fresh and tender fruit color, regular fruit shape, small fruit umbilicus and long and stout fruit stems are remained, and the unselected redundant young melons are removed in time.
A3. The melon hanging method comprises the following steps: when the melon grows to 250 g, the medium and large fruit type variety should be hung in time. The other end of the lifting rope is tied on the iron wire. The small fruit type variety can be used without fructus Trichosanthis Cucumeroidis. The heights of the snakegourd are consistent as much as possible, and attention is paid to prevent the young snakegourd from being bruised and the melon stalk from being damaged.
Referring to fig. 1, hilum treatment: after pollination for 6-12 days, or the fruit grows to 0.15-0.30KG, the hilum part is cut off by a small knife from 10 am to 4 pm, including the part of the female flower left on the hilum. The knife is sterilized with alcohol after each operation. On the day of cutting, if the weather is fine, the fresh amine emulsion can be naturally dried, and the umbilical part can also be sprayed with 1200-1500 times of 45% amidine fresh amine emulsion. And then, the fruit cracking rate of the hilum part of the Hainan thick-skin netted melon can be greatly reduced after the wound is completely healed by conventional management.
The harvest period of Hainan thick-skin netted melon is relatively strict, and if the harvest is too early, the sugar content of the fruit is low, the flavor is poor, and some fruits even have bitter taste. After late harvest, the pulp tissue is decomposed and softened, the quality and flavor are reduced, and even saccharification is carried out, namely, pulp fermentation is carried out. Only by harvesting in good time, the quality of commodity melon can be guaranteed. The commercial melons transported for sale are harvested 3-4 days before normal ripening, when the melons are ripe at eighty-nine times, the hardness of the fruits is high, the storage and transportation resistance is good, and the melons are completely ripe in transportation. At present, the identification of fruit maturity is most accurate by calculating pollination days and combining field tests. If the pollination interval period exceeds 3 days, attention is paid to hang a pollination date sign board during pollination, and then batch harvesting is carried out. Harvesting is generally carried out after the dew is dry in the morning, and the fruit stalks are cut off during picking and lightly taken to avoid damaging the melon body by collision. The picked commodity melons are classified and selected in time, each melon is sleeved with a foamed plastic net, and then the melons are classified, boxed, loaded and transported.
Example 2
The main technical scheme is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the fruit umbilicus is not treated.
Example 3
The main technical scheme is the same as that of the embodiment 1, but the water and fertilizer control is not carried out.
To verify the effectiveness of examples 1, 2 and 3, the applicant carried out experiments in the methods of examples 1, 2 and 3, respectively, in four time periods, each time period being carried out independently in 3 experiments, each experiment using 300 seedlings of the Hainan cantaloupe muskmelon, each treatment being repeated 3 times, counted the fruit cracking rate, and planted in the Rover, ledong.
The actual experimental results are shown in fig. 2: the actual planting condition is that 2 crops are planted every year, the first crop is 10-12 months, the temperature is stable, cold tide is not easy to occur, only water and fertilizer are controlled, and the fruit cracking rate is basically 16-18%. The second crop is planted 1-3 months per year, cold tide is easy to occur, only water and fertilizer are controlled, and the fruit cracking rate is 26-28%. On the basis of controlling water and fertilizer, the fruit cracking rate of the fruit at the umbilical part can be reduced by about 12 percent by adding the fruit cracking prevention technology of the fruit at the umbilical part. The method has the advantages that the fruit cracking rate of the Hainan thick-skin netted melon can be greatly reduced, experiments show that the water and fertilizer control and the fruit navel treatment have high correlation on the fruit cracking rate of the Hainan thick-skin netted melon, and the fruit cracking rate of the Hainan thick-skin netted melon can be remarkably reduced through the method for planting the Hainan thick-skin netted melon.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An anti-cracking planting method for Hainan thick-skin netted melons is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of variety selection, seedling cultivation, seedling transplantation, seedling field planting, soil preparation, fertilization and pipe laying, water and fertilizer control, branch repair, pollination, melon hanging treatment, fruit navel treatment, harvesting and the like;
in the selection process of the variety, a crack-resistant variety of the cantaloupe thick-skin netted melon in Hainan needs to be selected;
the fruit navel treatment comprises the steps of cutting off the fruit navel part by a small knife between 10 am and 4 pm when 6-12 days after pollination or when the fruit grows to 0.15-0.30KG, wherein the part of a female flower left on the fruit navel is cut off cleanly, the knife is disinfected by alcohol after each operation, the fruit can be naturally dried in the clear day if the weather is fine after the cutting, or 45% amidine fresh amine missible oil is sprayed on the fruit navel part by 1200-1500 times, and then the fruit is managed according to the conventional method until the wound is completely healed, so that the fruit cracking rate of the fruit navel part of the cantaloupe muskmelon can be greatly reduced.
2. The anti-cracking planting method for the Hainan thick-skin netted melon according to claim 1, characterized in that: water and fertilizer integrated irrigation is adopted, balanced fertilizer is mainly applied in the early stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly applied in the flowering period, high potassium is mainly applied in the early stage of fruit expansion, the fertilizing amount is reduced or no fertilizer is applied 15-20 days after pollination, the water content is kept unchanged, the fruit cracking rate is reduced, and water is not applied or is applied less as far as possible 10 days before picking, so that the cracked melon is further prevented.
3. The anti-cracking planting method for the Hainan thick-skin netted melons as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the drip irrigation fertilization principle follows that a small amount of fertilizer is applied for multiple times, namely, the fertilizer application amount at one time is small, the fertilizer application times are large, and the irrigation time, the irrigation amount and the irrigation times are determined according to the characteristics of the cantaloupe muskmelon, the growth period, the weather, the soil and other conditions of the cantaloupe muskmelon; applying fertilizer along with water in time by combining the growth fertilizer requirement rule of plants, and properly controlling water after the plants are planted and survive in the early stage so as to facilitate roots to penetrate into a soil layer; during the full period of bacterial fruit rot and downy mildew, the irrigation amount is properly reduced while the chemical treatment is adopted.
4. The anti-cracking planting method for the Hainan thick-skin netted melon according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pollination and melon hanging treatment comprises hanger treatment, hanger supporting lines are installed and tensioned along the shed by using steel wire ropes when the shed is built, a thin nylon rope is prepared for each reserved vine as a lead, the upper end of the nylon rope is tied to the transverse line, the lower end of the nylon rope is tied to a slipknot and is tied to the base part of a plant stem, and the adjustment is carried out in time according to the growth condition of the plant;
the three-vine two-fruit pruning is to adopt three-vine two-fruit pruning, wherein 4-5 main leaves are grown on a main vine, then pinching is carried out, then 3 sub-vines are left, or the main vine is left, 2 robust sub-vines are left on the base part, then 2-3 sub-vines are selected and left on a proper node of each vine as a fruiting preparation vine, 2 fruiting sub-vines and 2 fruits are left on each plant after fruit setting, and other side vines are all removed.
5. The anti-cracking planting method for the Hainan thick-skin netted melon as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pollination and melon hanging treatment comprises the following steps:
s1, artificial pollination: on the day of female flower blooming, selecting a male flower newly blooming on the day, picking off the flower crown, exposing stamens, lightly rubbing the flower to the stigma of the female flower, and uniformly coating the pollen on the stigma;
s2, treating with a growth regulator: if the climate conditions are poor during the period of sitting melon, such as the night temperature is lower than 15 ℃, pollen dysplasia; or the relative humidity of the air is higher than 85%, and stigma and pollen are soaked; or the plants grow excessively, the illumination in the shed is weak, the plants are treated by a growth regulator, the growth regulator adopts fruit beauty or forchlorfenuron, the melon embryos are dipped by liquid medicine prepared on the same day for 1 time or uniformly sprayed by a small sprayer for 1 time on the day when the female flowers open or the day before the female flowers open, and the medicine can not be reused, the concentration is not suitable to be too high, the medicine is required to be uniform, otherwise, deformed fruits are easy to appear;
and S3, reserving the snakegourd and the trichosanthes kirilowii.
6. The anti-cracking planting method for the Hainan thick-skin netted melons, according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the melon and the trichosanthes kirilowii are remained and comprise the following steps:
a1, adopting a three-vine two-fruit pruning mode, and carrying out fruit retention on the grand vines with fruit setting sections positioned at 10-13 sections;
a2, when the young melons grow to the size of eggs, selecting young melons with fresh and tender fruit colors, regular fruit types, small fruit umbilicals and long and thick fruit stems to be left, and timely and completely removing the unselected excessive young melons;
a3, when the melon grows to 250 grams, hanging the melon in time, directly tying the melon to a fruit-stem part close to the fruit-stem part by using a nylon rope, hanging the melon, tying the other end of the hanging rope to an in-line iron wire or sleeving a plastic mesh bag on the melon, tying the tied hanging rope on the in-line hanger iron wire to the mesh bag, hanging the melon, and paying attention to prevent the young melon from being hit and damaging the melon stem.
7. The anti-cracking planting method for the Hainan thick-skin netted melon as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the land preparation and fertilization pipe laying is carried out 15 days before field planting, including soil deep ploughing, fine harrowing, leveling and ridge making, 160 kg/mu of thousand-generation field biological fertilizer is applied to the bottom of each ridge, 10 kg/mu of soil is polished, 1 kg/mu of medium and micro slow release fertilizer is applied to the bottom of each ridge, 20 kg/mu of Entak high-potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, the fertilizer is uniformly ploughed and buried in a plough layer, water soluble fertilizer is applied according to 35 kg/mu of topdressing, ridging is carried out according to 2 m row spacing, the ridge height is 0.2 m, the ridge width is 0.7 m, and 1-2 drip irrigation pipes are laid in each ridge.
8. The anti-cracking planting method for the Hainan thick-skin netted melon according to claim 1, characterized in that: transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves and cotyledons are flat and broken, wherein the selected seedlings need to meet the standards of intact cotyledons, thick and strong stems, dark green leaves, no pest damage and normal seedling age.
9. The anti-cracking planting method for the Hainan thick-skin netted melon according to claim 1, characterized in that: harvesting is carried out after dew is dry in the morning, the fruit stalks are cut off during picking, the fruits are lightly taken and lightly placed to avoid damaging the bodies of the fruits by collision, the picked commodity fruits are sorted in time in a grading way, each melon is sleeved with a foamed plastic net sleeve, and then the melons are graded, boxed and loaded for shipment.
10. The anti-cracking planting method for the Hainan thick-skin netted melon according to claim 1, characterized in that: the root system can not be damaged in the seedling planting process, the root system of the transplanted seedling is in full contact with the matrix to prevent overhead, and the root fixing water is irrigated in time after planting.
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