CN115273634B - Device and method for simulating stability of natural earthquake to mine working face - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating stability of natural earthquake to mine working face Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face. The method simulates the mining process through prefabricated modularized coal bodies, simulates mining disturbance along with the working face, simulates the three-dimensional stress state of a coal seam through a vertical and horizontal stress loading system, provides the structural stress form of the coal seam through a bottom pressure-bearing water bag, explores the stability influence of natural earthquakes on an underground supporting system, can monitor the stress transfer rule among all rock layers when the earthquakes occur, and provides an important test foundation for the development of supporting devices with strong earthquake resistance and an ore earthquake monitoring system with strong monitoring capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine exploitation simulation experiments, and particularly relates to a device and a method for simulating stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face.
Background
Along with the gradual increase of mining scale, mining depth and mining geological complexity, the stress environment of a stope is continuously deteriorated, dynamic disasters such as rock burst, coal and gas outburst and the like frequently occur, and the safety production of mines and the life safety of personnel are seriously threatened. Natural earthquakes refer to vibrations in the earth's surface caused by the sudden release of slowly built-up energy within the earth. The difference between the mining earthquake and the ore earthquake is that the ore earthquake only occurs near a mining area and is induced by artificial mining activities, and large energy is difficult to accumulate. Because the maximum earthquake magnitude of the earthquake is far greater than the maximum earthquake magnitude of the mine which occurs in the world at present, the damage caused by the natural earthquake is far greater than the damage caused by the mine. The existing professional earthquake monitoring station network in China is mainly arranged aiming at natural earthquake monitoring, only more than 1000 earthquake monitoring stations in China can play a role in mine emergencies, particularly the earthquake monitoring stations in western areas are sparse, and accurate monitoring on mine events cannot be achieved in station network layout and professional equipment selection. In recent years, the accident frequency of the influence of natural earthquakes on underground is increased, and particularly, the underground earthquake is aimed at waste mines, and once the earthquake occurs, unpredictable serious consequences are generated.
Chinese patent application CN114113316a discloses a three-dimensional analogue simulation device and a three-dimensional test monitoring method for overburden movement. The method provides a three-dimensional simulation device, vibration is generated through a vibration wave excitation device, the wave velocity distribution condition inside a material model is monitored through a monitoring device, the stress distribution condition is deduced according to the wave velocity, the model surface subsidence condition is monitored through a separation layer instrument, and the integral change condition of a similar material model overlying strata structure is monitored through the combination of the vibration wave excitation device and the monitoring device. However, the vibration generated by the simulated explosive blasting provided by the device is still limited to local ore vibration activities, the gradient stress state of the rock stratum under the ground and the structural stress state of the coal body are not considered, the influence of natural earthquakes on the whole production system of the mine is difficult to explore, and errors are large in practical application.
Therefore, in the prior art, a test method capable of truly reflecting the influence of natural seismic waves of different types on the stability of an underground support system is needed to simulate the influence mechanism of the natural seismic waves on the underground and explore the influence on stress transmission and ground collapse between the underground support system and each rock stratum when the earthquake occurs, and a simulation device for researching the earthquake-resistant stability of the support system in a real stress reaction state is needed to improve the test reliability and test efficiency, so that the test result can be better applied to the underground real environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for simulating the stability of a mine working face by a natural earthquake, and aims to study the influence mechanisms of different types of natural earthquake waves on a downhole support system and the influence rules of the earthquake on the transmission of forces between rock strata.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a simulation device for the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face comprises a gantry reaction frame, a test box body, an underground supporting platform system, an uneven load loading system, a vibration generating system, a data acquisition system and a control system; wherein,
the test box body is positioned in the gantry type reaction frame and comprises a model frame, a high-transmittance acrylic plate, a front baffle plate and a bearing plate, wherein the front baffle plate and the high-transmittance acrylic plate are detachably connected with the model frame, the Gao Tou acrylic plate is arranged between the front baffle plate and the model frame, the front baffle plates are distributed at intervals, the front baffle plates positioned at the bottom are arranged on a coal bed bottom plate in a close fit manner so as to be convenient for installing disturbance generating devices, and the bearing plate is arranged on the left side and the right side of the inside of the box body and is provided with a plurality of bearing plates for transmitting gradient horizontal stress, and similar simulation materials for simulating a coal bed and a rock stratum are paved inside the box body;
the underground support platform system comprises a roof anchor rod, a metal net and an electro-hydraulic support simulation device, wherein the roof anchor rod is in contact connection with the metal net through a metal gasket, and the roof anchor rod and the metal net are paved in a withdrawal roadway which simulates excavation on the right side; the electro-hydraulic support simulation device is arranged in the left simulation stope face;
the non-uniform load loading system comprises a vertical stress loading system, two-side gradient horizontal stress loading systems, a back-side gradient horizontal stress loading system and a structural stress field generating device, wherein the vertical stress loading system is arranged above the test box body, is connected with the upper part of the gantry type reaction frame, and is arranged on the left side and the right side of the test box body, is connected with the left side and the right side of the gantry type reaction frame, and is connected with bearing plates on the left side and the right side of the inside of the model frame through the model frame; the back-side gradient horizontal stress loading system is arranged on the back side of the test box body, is connected with the model frame and is used for forming gradient horizontal stress; the structural stress field generating device is arranged at the bottom of the test box body and comprises a plurality of bottom pressure-bearing water bags, and the bottom pressure-bearing water bags are expanded in volume to generate plastic deformation so as to apply structural stress to the bottom of the coal bed and form an inclined and buckled geological structure;
the vibration generation system comprises a working face exploitation disturbance generation device and an earthquake simulation vibration table, wherein the working face exploitation disturbance generation device and the earthquake simulation vibration table are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the front baffle plate and the gantry reaction frame which are clung to the coal seam bottom plate, the working face exploitation disturbance generation device is used for simulating disturbance generated by working face exploitation, and the earthquake simulation vibration table is used for simulating natural earthquake which generates large-area collapse of the goaf.
Preferably, the model frame is made by the iron material, gao Tou ya keli board is installed between preceding baffle and model frame, preceding baffle is the interval arrangement for provide action counter-force in order to improve structural stability, and form certain altitude observation window at the coal seam exploitation level, convenient simulation coal seam excavation and convenient visual observation inside rock stratum change situation.
Preferably, the roof anchor rod, the metal net and the metal gasket are bonded into a plurality of integers in advance by glue, and extend into the roadway to be respectively inserted into the roadway roof by long clamps after the roadway is retracted for excavation, the roof anchor rod is a spiral long metal nail, and a force transducer is arranged on the roof anchor rod at the upper side of the metal net and used for simulating and monitoring the stress change of the roadway roof.
Preferably, the electric hydraulic support simulation device is composed of a plurality of electric hydraulic support vehicles side by side, the electric hydraulic support vehicles are composed of a supporting plate, a stress sensor, an arc telescopic mechanism, a frame body and electric rollers, the electric rollers control the advancing direction through an external control system, the simulation hydraulic support automatically moves along with the machine, the frame body is connected with the supporting plate through the arc telescopic mechanism, the pressure of a supporting top plate is simulated, and the stress sensor is installed on the supporting plate and used for simulating and monitoring the pressure of the top plate.
Preferably, the back-side gradient horizontal stress loading system comprises a water injection device and a plurality of rows of back-side pressure-bearing water bags, wherein the back-side pressure-bearing water bags are separated by a partition plate, the water injection device is connected with the back-side pressure-bearing water bags, and water pressure is injected and monitored through the water injection device 7 to form gradient horizontal stress.
Preferably, the structural stress field generating device comprises a soft plate and a bottom pressure-bearing water bag, the soft plate and the bottom pressure-bearing water bag are arranged at the bottom of the test box body and are connected with the model frame, and the water injection device is connected with the bottom pressure-bearing water bag and is used for forming bottom structural stress by injecting and monitoring water pressure; the bottom pressure-bearing water bags are arranged in a plurality and are separated by the bottom partition plates, the soft plates are covered on the upper parts of the bottom pressure-bearing water bags, the soft plates are smooth plastic soft plates, plastic deformation can be generated along with the volume expansion of the bottom pressure-bearing water bags, structural stress can be applied to the bottom of a coal bed by injecting water into the single or combined bottom pressure-bearing water bags and rising upwards, and inclined and bent geological structures are formed.
Preferably, the working face mining disturbance generating device is composed of a guide rail, an electric sliding block, a rivet and a small vibration generator, the small vibration generator is connected with the electric sliding block through the rivet, the electric sliding block is in sliding connection with the guide rail, the small vibration generator can drive to move along the guide rail, the guide rail is connected with a front baffle plate which is tightly attached to a coal seam bottom plate, the small vibration generator can be attached to a coal body in front of the working face to generate adjustable vibration frequency, disturbance generated by mining of the working face is simulated, and the earthquake simulation vibration table is arranged at the bottom in the gantry reaction frame seat and is connected with the bottom of the model frame through a buckle and used for simulating natural earthquake for generating large-area collapse of a goaf.
Preferably, the data acquisition system comprises an acoustic emission monitoring system, a stress monitoring system and a microseismic monitoring system, the acoustic emission sensor, the stress sensor and the seismometer sensor are buried among different rock strata respectively, and when a working face is mined back and a goaf collapses, the sensors monitor corresponding signals and transmit the signals to an external control system through a connecting line for analysis.
Preferably, a displacement acquisition system is also arranged in the simulated stratum, and a displacement sensor is utilized to explore the time-space evolution rule of stress transmission of each stratum from the underground to the earth surface after the natural earthquake occurs.
Preferably, the control system is an external computer, real-time recording software and analysis software are installed in the computer, and the computer is connected with the sensors through connecting wires respectively.
As a further preferred embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face, which is implemented by using the device for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, designing a test scheme and a test proportion:
the test parameters mainly comprise model similarity constants, simulated coal seam geological structures, coal rock three-dimensional stress states and similar material proportions of the coal rock, and similar materials with required strength are manufactured according to the proportions;
step 2, manufacturing a modularized coal body:
the modularized coal preparation device is manufactured by adopting the modularized coal preparation device, the modularized coal preparation device comprises a plastic film, hemp ropes and a coal preparation mould, the coal preparation mould is a detachable mould, holes are respectively formed in the front side and the rear side of the coal preparation mould, so that hemp ropes are convenient to place, and a plurality of knots are arranged in the middle of the hemp ropes; in the specific process of manufacturing, the proportioned coal body materials are uniformly mixed and poured into a coal body manufacturing mould paved with a plastic film and hemp ropes, a certain allowance is reserved at two ends of the hemp ropes, then the coal body is put into a curing box for curing, and the coal body manufacturing mould is taken down after the completion of curing;
step 3, paving similar materials and a data acquisition system:
sequentially assembling a front baffle and a high-permeability acrylic plate on a model frame according to the height of a paved coal bed in engineering calculation, so that a certain height detachable window is reserved at the coal bed exploitation level, sequentially paving the mixed materials and modularized coal bodies into the model frame, sequentially embedding monitoring systems corresponding to an acoustic emission sensor, a stress sensor, a displacement sensor and a vibration pickup sensor in the paving process, and respectively connecting the monitoring systems to an external control system;
step 4, simulating a stress state:
the method comprises the steps of loading by a vertical stress loading system to provide vertical stress, providing left-right gradient side pressure by a gradient horizontal stress hydraulic loading system on two sides, injecting different water pressures into a back-side pressure-bearing water bag by a water injection device to provide front-back gradient side pressure, wherein the gradient side pressure in the left-right direction and the front-back direction are sequentially reduced from bottom to top, injecting certain water pressure into a bottom pressure-bearing water bag on one side by the water injection device to push a plastic soft plate to rise upwards so as to push a coal seam bottom plate to form a tilted and buckled structural stress form;
step 5, simulating coal mining and induced mining earthquake activities:
disassembling a high-permeability acrylic plate at a mining window to expose a simulated coal seam, installing a guide rail, a sliding block, a rivet and a vibration generator on the front baffle plate which is tightly attached to a coal seam bottom plate, moving the vibration generator to the right side of a modularized coal body which is a certain distance away from a boundary, starting the vibration generator, slowly extracting the modularized coal body reserved at the position of the vibration generator, simulating a roadway tunneling process, and forming a retractive roadway; then, the long clamps are used for inserting the integral sections formed by bonding the roof bolts, the metal meshes and the metal gaskets in advance into the upper roof of the retracting roadway and compacting the integral sections, so that the upper roof has a certain initial stress state, and the retracting roadway support is simulated; then, closing the vibration generator, moving to the left side, restarting, slowly extracting the modularized coal body to form a simulated open-cut eye, and sequentially placing the simulated open-cut eye into an electro-hydraulic bracket simulation device for supporting a top plate; along with the pushing of the working face, the vibration generator also slowly moves, at the moment, the modularized coal body at the position is slowly extracted, and when the modularized coal body is extracted for a certain length, the electro-hydraulic support simulation device is controlled to slowly descend the column, move forwards and lift the column in sequence until the modularized coal body is completely extracted, and the electro-hydraulic support device integrally advances for a depth cutting length to start the next stoping; reciprocating until the working face is exploited; in the stoping process, a data acquisition system is utilized to monitor and transmit data to a control system in real time for recording and analysis, and the acquired data comprise mining vibration data generated by goaf collapse;
step 6, simulating natural earthquake activity:
when the stoping distance of the working face reaches the middle part of the mining area, starting a bottom earthquake simulation shaking table and suspending stoping work; gradually improving the earthquake intensity, and recording the numerical change of each sensor in natural earthquake;
step 7, ending the test:
when the pressure monitored by the underground support platform system exceeds a preset value, giving an alarm, representing that the support system is pressed or instable in a large area, closing the test system to finish the test, recovering the test materials, dismantling the test device, and analyzing and finishing the obtained test data through the control system;
and (3) repeating the steps 1 to 7, performing multiple tests, changing the type of the earthquake wave or setting the fixed earthquake occurrence time, and exploring the influence of different types of natural earthquakes on the underground working surface, thereby evaluating the earthquake-resistant stability of the underground support system and the underground mine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the simulation device carries out structural improvement on the test box body, not only ensures the visual test process, but also ensures the structural stability, realizes the gradient loading of horizontal stress through a multi-shaft hydraulic system arranged on two sides and a pressure-bearing water bag on the back side, provides dead weight stresses with different depths through an upper vertical stress loading system, provides the construction stress of each stratum in the stratum in a mode of pressurizing a bottom flexible water bag, simulates the formation process of a construction stress field, and truly simulates the complex three-way stress state of the stratum; the modularized simulated mining mode is adopted for the coal seam, so that the test steps are simplified, and the test precision is improved; the vibration generation system provides simulation working face mining disturbance and large-range vibration influence generated by natural earthquakes, can drive the whole vibration of the test box body to simulate different types of earthquakes, can accurately acquire relevant experimental data according to a monitoring system and the like, builds a down-hole support platform system, and accurately builds a three-dimensional simulation mining process of a mine so as to explore the stability influence of natural earthquake waves on the support system and can be used for evaluating the earthquake resistance stability of the existing support device; the method provides an important test foundation for researching a supporting device with strong earthquake resistance and an ore earthquake monitoring system with strong monitoring capability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a natural seismic modeling apparatus for mine face stability in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of a simulation apparatus of the present invention for natural seismic stability to a mine face;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a surface support system of a simulator for the stability of a mine surface in a natural earthquake of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a roadway support system for a simulator of the invention for natural earthquake stability to mine working face;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a disturbance generating device of a simulation device for the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of sensor station arrangement of a simulator for the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a modular coal making apparatus for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face;
in the figure, a 1-gantry type reaction frame; 2-a vertical stress loading system; 3-a model frame; 4-front baffle; 5-screws; 6-simulating open-cut eyes; 7-a water injection device; 8-a control system; 9-an earthquake simulation shaking table; 10-a bottom pressure-bearing water bag; 11-withdrawing the roadway; 12-two-side gradient horizontal stress loading systems; 13-bearing plates; 14-a back side pressure-bearing water bag; 15-a back baffle; 16-an electro-hydraulic support simulation device; 17-a high-transmittance acrylic plate; 18-a support plate; 19-stress sensor; 20-an arc-shaped telescopic mechanism; 21-a frame body; 22-an electric roller; 23-a guide rail; 24-plastic soft board; 25-bottom separator; 26-modularization coal body; 27-an anchor load cell; 28-a metal gasket; 29-metal mesh; 30-simulating an anchor rod (rope); 31-an electric slider; 32-rivets; 33-a small vibration generator; 34-stress sensor; 35-a vibration pickup sensor; 36-acoustic emission sensor; 37-plastic film; 38-twine; 39-coal preparation mould.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme provided by the invention, the following is a clear and complete detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the invention provides a simulation device for the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face, which comprises a gantry reaction frame 1, a test box body, a downhole supporting platform system, an uneven load loading system, a vibration generating system, a data acquisition system and a control system 8; wherein,
the test box body comprises a model frame 3 made of iron materials, a high-strength high-permeability acrylic plate 17, a front baffle plate 4 and a pressure bearing plate 13, wherein the front baffle plate 4 and the high-permeability acrylic plate 17 are respectively detachably connected with the model frame 3 through screws 5, the Gao Tou acrylic plate 17 is arranged between the front baffle plate 4 and the model frame 3, the front baffle plates 4 are arranged at intervals and are used for providing action counter force to improve structural stability, a certain height observation window (interval between adjacent front baffle plates 4) is formed at the coal seam exploitation level, the coal seam excavation is conveniently simulated, the internal rock stratum change condition is conveniently and visually observed, and the front baffle plate 4 positioned at the bottom of the front baffle plate 4 is arranged close to a coal seam bottom plate to conveniently install a disturbance generating device; the bearing plates 13 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the inside of the box body, are used for transmitting gradient horizontal stress, and are paved with similar simulation materials for simulating coal beds and rock strata in the inside of the model frame 3; the test box body is positioned in the gantry type reaction frame; a similar simulation material for simulating a coal seam is adopted as a modularized coal body 26;
the underground support platform system comprises a roof anchor rod 30, a metal net 29 and an electro-hydraulic support simulation device 16, wherein the roof anchor rod 30 is in contact connection with the metal net 29 through a metal gasket 28, the roof anchor rod 30 and the metal net 29 are paved in a retracting roadway 11 which is simulated to be excavated on the right side, the roof anchor rod 30, the metal net 29 and the metal gasket 28 are adhered into a plurality of integers in advance through glue, long clamps are used for extending into the roadway after the retracting roadway 11 is excavated to be respectively inserted into a roadway roof, the roof anchor rod 30 is simulated by spiral long metal nails, and a load cell 27 is arranged on the roof anchor rod 30 on the upper side of the metal net 29 and is used for simulating and monitoring the stress change of the roadway roof; the electro-hydraulic support simulation device 16 is arranged in a left simulated stoping working surface and consists of a plurality of electro-hydraulic support vehicles side by side, the electro-hydraulic support vehicles consist of a support plate 18, a stress sensor 19, an arc telescopic mechanism 20, a support body 21 and an electric roller 22, the electric roller 22 controls the advancing direction through an external control system 8, a simulated hydraulic support moves along with a machine automatically, the support body 21 and the support plate 18 are connected through the arc telescopic mechanism 20 to simulate the pressure of a support top plate, and the support plate 18 is provided with the stress sensor 19 for simulating and monitoring the pressure of the top plate;
the non-uniform load loading system comprises a vertical stress loading system 2, two-side gradient horizontal stress loading systems 12, a back-side gradient horizontal stress loading system and a structural stress field generating device, wherein the vertical stress loading system 2 is arranged above a test box body, is connected with the upper part of a counter-force frame 1, the two-side gradient horizontal stress loading systems 12 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the test box body, are connected with the left side and the right side of the counter-force frame 1, are connected with bearing plates 13 on the left side and the right side in the box body through a model frame 3, the two-side gradient horizontal stress loading systems 12 consist of a plurality of hydraulic loading shafts, the lateral graded loading can be realized, the load loading mode is reflected by the force or displacement mode, and the control precision is 0.5%; the back-side gradient horizontal stress loading system is arranged on the back side of the test box body and connected with the model frame 3, and comprises a water injection device 7 and a plurality of rows of pressure-bearing water bags 14, wherein the pressure-bearing water bags 14 are separated by a partition plate 15, the water injection device 7 is connected with the pressure-bearing water bags 14, and water pressure is injected and monitored through the water injection device 7 to form gradient horizontal stress; the structural stress field generating device comprises a soft plate 24 and a pressure-bearing water bag 10, is arranged at the bottom of the test box body and is connected with the model frame 3, and the water injection device 7 is connected with the bottom pressure-bearing water bag 10 to form bottom structural stress by injecting and monitoring water pressure; the bottom pressure-bearing water bags 10 are arranged in a plurality and are separated by bottom partition plates 25, the soft plates 24 are covered on the upper parts of the bottom pressure-bearing water bags 10, the soft plates 24 are smooth plastic soft plates, plastic deformation can be generated along with the volume expansion of the bottom pressure-bearing water bags 10, structural stress can be applied to the bottom of a coal bed by injecting water into the single or combined bottom pressure-bearing water bags 10 and rising upwards, and geological structures such as inclination, buckling and the like are formed;
the vibration generation system comprises a working face exploitation disturbance generation device and a seismic simulation vibration table 9, wherein the working face exploitation disturbance generation device consists of a guide rail 23, an electric sliding block 31, a rivet 32 and a small vibration generator 33, the small vibration generator 33 is connected with the electric sliding block 31 through the rivet 32, the electric sliding block 31 is in sliding connection with the guide rail 23 and can be driven by the control system 8 to move along the guide rail 23, the guide rail 23 is connected with the front baffle 4 closely attached to a coal bed bottom plate, the small vibration generator 33 can be close to a coal body 26 in front of the working face to generate adjustable vibration frequency, disturbance generated by working face exploitation is simulated, the seismic simulation vibration table 9 is arranged at the bottom in a frame seat of the counter-force frame 1 and is connected with the bottom of the model frame 3 through a buckle, and natural earthquake with large-area collapse of a goaf can be simulated;
the data acquisition system comprises an acoustic emission monitoring system, a stress monitoring system and a microseismic monitoring system, the acoustic emission monitoring system, the stress monitoring system and the microseismic monitoring system are respectively buried among different rock strata through an acoustic emission sensor 36, a stress sensor 34 and a seismometer sensor 35, and when a working face is mined back and a goaf collapses, the sensors monitor corresponding signals and transmit the signals to an external control system 8 through a connecting line for analysis; a displacement monitoring system of the displacement sensor can be further arranged for monitoring the stratum displacement;
the control system 8 is an external computer, real-time recording software and analysis software are installed in the computer, and the computer is connected with the sensors through connecting wires respectively.
As a further preferred embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face, which is implemented by using the device for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, designing a test scheme and a test proportion:
the test parameters mainly comprise model similarity constants, simulated coal seam geological structures, coal rock three-dimensional stress states and similar material proportions of the coal rock, and similar materials with required strength are manufactured according to the proportions;
step 2, manufacturing a modularized coal body:
the modularized coal body manufacturing device is adopted for manufacturing, the modularized coal body manufacturing device comprises a plastic film 37, a hemp rope 38 and a coal body manufacturing die 39, the coal body manufacturing die 39 is a detachable die (the size of the coal body manufacturing die can be adjusted according to geological conditions, the coal body manufacturing die 39 is convenient to disassemble and assemble), holes are formed in the front side and the rear side of the coal body manufacturing die 39 respectively, the hemp rope 38 is convenient to place, a plurality of knots are formed in the middle of the hemp rope 38, so that friction force and stability of the modularized coal body are improved, and the coal body is convenient to directly pull and take down; when the die 38 is used, a layer of plastic film 37 is paved, so that the whole modularized coal 26 is wrapped by the film 37, and the modules can be better separated under the condition that the transmission of force between the modules is not affected, thereby being convenient for controlling the quantitative cutting depth during the simulated recovery; specifically, when manufacturing is carried out, the proportioned coal body materials are uniformly mixed and poured into a coal body manufacturing die 39 paved with a plastic film 37 and a hemp rope 38, a certain margin is reserved at two ends of the hemp rope 38, then the coal body is put into a curing box for curing, and the coal body manufacturing die 39 is taken down after the completion;
step 3, paving similar materials and a data acquisition system:
according to the height of a laid coal bed in engineering calculation, the front baffle plate 4 and the high-permeability acrylic plate 17 on the model frame 3 are orderly assembled, a certain height detachable window is reserved at the coal bed exploitation level, the mixed materials and the modularized coal body 26 are orderly laid in the model frame 3 in sequence, and monitoring systems such as an acoustic emission sensor 36, a stress sensor 34, a displacement sensor, a vibration pickup sensor 35 and the like are orderly embedded in the laying process and are respectively connected to an external control system 8;
step 4, simulating a stress state:
providing vertical stress by loading through a vertical stress loading system 2, providing left-right gradient side pressure through a two-side gradient horizontal stress hydraulic loading system 12, injecting different water pressures into a back-side pressure-bearing water bag 14 through a water injection device 7 to provide front-back gradient side pressure, wherein the gradient side pressure in the left-right direction and the front-back direction are sequentially reduced from bottom to top, and injecting a certain water pressure into a bottom pressure-bearing water bag 10 on one side (such as the right side) through the water injection device 7 to push a plastic soft plate 24 to rise upwards so as to push a coal seam bottom plate to form a structural stress form such as inclination, buckling and the like;
step 5, simulating coal mining and induced mining earthquake activities:
disassembling a high-permeability acrylic plate 17 at a mining window to expose a simulated coal seam, installing a guide rail 23, a sliding block 31, a rivet 32 and a vibration generator 33 on the front baffle plate 4 which is tightly attached to a coal seam bottom plate, moving the vibration generator 33 to the right side of a modularized coal body 26 which is a certain distance away from a boundary, starting the vibration generator 33, slowly extracting the modularized coal body 26 reserved at the position where the vibration generator 33 is positioned, simulating a roadway driving process, and forming a retractive roadway 11; then, the long clamps are used for inserting the integral sections formed by bonding the roof bolts 30, the metal meshes 29 and the metal gaskets 28 in advance into the upper roof of the retracting roadway 11 and compacting the integral sections so as to enable the upper roof to have a certain initial stress state, and the retracting roadway support is simulated; then, the vibration generator 33 is closed, is turned on again after moving to the left, and the modularized coal body 26 is slowly pulled out to form a simulated open-cut eye 6, and is sequentially placed into the electro-hydraulic bracket simulation device 16 for roof support; along with the pushing of the working surface, the vibration generator 33 also slowly moves, at this time, the modularized coal 26 at the position is slowly pulled out, and each time the modularized coal is pulled out by a certain length, the electro-hydraulic support simulation device 16 is controlled to slowly descend the column, move forward and lift the column in sequence until the modularized coal is completely pulled out, and the electro-hydraulic support device integrally advances by a depth cutting length to start the next stoping; reciprocating until the working face is exploited; in the stoping process, a data acquisition system is utilized to monitor and transmit data to a control system in real time for recording and analysis, and the acquired data comprise mining vibration data generated by goaf collapse;
step 6, simulating natural earthquake activity:
when the stoping distance of the working face reaches the middle part of the mining area, starting the bottom earthquake simulation shaking table 9 and suspending stoping work; gradually improving the earthquake intensity, and recording the numerical change of each sensor in natural earthquake;
step 7, ending the test:
when the pressure monitored by the underground support platform system exceeds a preset value, an alarm is sent out, the support system is pressed or instable in a large area, the test system is closed to finish the test, the test materials are recovered, the test device is removed, the control system 8 analyzes and sorts the obtained test data, multiple tests are carried out on the basis of the test step, and the type of the shock wave is changed: longitudinal (P-wave), transverse (S-wave) and plane (L-wave); or fixed earthquake occurrence time is set, the influence of different types of natural earthquakes on the underground working surface is explored, and the earthquake-resistant stability of the underground support system and the mine can be evaluated according to the test system.
In the present invention, the terms "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined. For example, the two parts can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrated; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or by communication between two elements or interaction between the two elements, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the meaning of the terms in this disclosure will be understood to those of ordinary skill in the art.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A simulation device for the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face comprises a gantry reaction frame, a test box body, an underground supporting platform system, an uneven load loading system, a vibration generating system, a data acquisition system and a control system; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the test box body is positioned in the gantry type reaction frame and comprises a model frame, a high-transmittance acrylic plate, a front baffle plate and a bearing plate, wherein the front baffle plate and the high-transmittance acrylic plate are detachably connected with the model frame, the Gao Tou acrylic plate is arranged between the front baffle plate and the model frame, the front baffle plates are distributed at intervals, the front baffle plates positioned at the bottom are arranged to be closely attached to a coal bed bottom plate so as to be convenient for installing a disturbance generating system, the bearing plate is arranged at the left side and the right side of the inside of the test box body and is provided with a plurality of bearing plates for transmitting gradient horizontal stress, and similar simulation materials for simulating a coal bed and a rock stratum are paved in the test box body;
the underground support platform system comprises a roof anchor rod, a metal net and an electro-hydraulic support simulation device, wherein the roof anchor rod is in contact connection with the metal net through a metal gasket, and the roof anchor rod and the metal net are paved in a withdrawal roadway which simulates excavation on the right side; the electro-hydraulic support simulation device is arranged in the left simulation stope face;
the non-uniform load loading system comprises a vertical stress loading system, two-side gradient horizontal stress loading systems, a back-side gradient horizontal stress loading system and a structural stress field generating device, wherein the vertical stress loading system is arranged above the test box body, is connected with the upper part of the gantry type reaction frame, and is arranged on the left side and the right side of the test box body, is connected with the left side and the right side of the gantry type reaction frame, and is connected with bearing plates on the left side and the right side of the inside of the test box body through a model frame; the back-side gradient horizontal stress loading system is arranged on the back side of the test box body, is connected with the model frame and is used for forming gradient horizontal stress; the structural stress field generating device is arranged at the bottom of the test box body and comprises a plurality of bottom pressure-bearing water bags, and the bottom pressure-bearing water bags are expanded in volume to generate plastic deformation so as to apply structural stress to the bottom of the coal bed and form an inclined and buckled geological structure;
the vibration generation system comprises a working face exploitation disturbance generation device and an earthquake simulation vibration table, wherein the working face exploitation disturbance generation device and the earthquake simulation vibration table are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the front baffle plate and the gantry reaction frame which are clung to the coal seam bottom plate, the working face exploitation disturbance generation device is used for simulating disturbance generated by working face exploitation, and the earthquake simulation vibration table is used for simulating natural earthquake which generates large-area collapse of the goaf.
2. The device for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face according to claim 1, wherein the model frame is made of iron materials, the Gao Tou acrylic plates are arranged between the front baffle plates and the model frame at intervals and are used for providing reaction force to improve the structural stability, and a certain height observation window is formed at the coal seam exploitation level, so that the device is convenient for simulating the coal seam excavation and observing the change condition of an internal rock stratum in a visual mode.
3. The simulation device for the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the roof bolts, the metal net and the metal gaskets are bonded into a plurality of whole bodies in advance by glue, the whole bodies are inserted into a roadway respectively by long clamps after the roadway is excavated, the roof bolts are spiral long metal nails, and a load cell is arranged on the roof bolts at the upper side of the metal net and used for simulating and monitoring the stress change of the roof of the roadway.
4. A device for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face according to claim 3, wherein the electro-hydraulic support simulation device is composed of a plurality of electro-hydraulic support vehicles side by side, the electro-hydraulic support vehicles are composed of a support plate, stress sensors, arc telescopic mechanisms, a support body and electric rollers, the electric rollers control the advancing direction through an external control system so as to simulate the automatic frame following and moving of the hydraulic support, the support body is connected with the support plate through the arc telescopic mechanisms, the pressure of a support top plate is simulated, and the stress sensors are installed on the support plate and used for simulating and monitoring the pressure of the top plate.
5. A device for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face as claimed in claim 4, wherein said back-side gradient horizontal stress loading system comprises a water injection device and a plurality of rows of back-side pressure-bearing water bags, said back-side pressure-bearing water bags being separated by a partition, said water injection device being connected to said back-side pressure-bearing water bags, and water pressure being injected and monitored by said water injection device to form gradient horizontal stress.
6. The simulation device for the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face according to claim 5, wherein the construction stress field generating device comprises a soft board and a bottom pressure-bearing water bag, the soft board and the bottom pressure-bearing water bag are arranged at the bottom of the test box body and are connected with the model frame, and the water injection device is connected with the bottom pressure-bearing water bag and is used for forming bottom construction stress by injecting and monitoring water pressure; the bottom pressure-bearing water bags are arranged in a plurality and are separated by the bottom partition plates, the soft plates are covered on the upper parts of the bottom pressure-bearing water bags, the soft plates are smooth plastic soft plates, plastic deformation can be generated along with the volume expansion of the bottom pressure-bearing water bags, and the bottom pressure-bearing water bags are filled with water and pressurized to rise upwards through single or combination so as to apply structural stress to the bottom of the coal bed, so that the inclined and bent geological structure is formed.
7. The device for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working surface according to claim 6, wherein the working surface mining disturbance generating device is composed of a guide rail, an electric sliding block, a rivet and a small vibration generator, wherein the small vibration generator is connected with the electric sliding block through the rivet, the electric sliding block is in sliding connection with the guide rail and driven by the control system to move along the guide rail, the guide rail is connected with the front baffle which is closely attached to a coal seam bottom plate, the small vibration generator is close to a coal body in front of the working surface to generate adjustable vibration frequency, the disturbance generated by mining of the working surface is simulated, and the earthquake simulation vibration table is arranged at the bottom in the gantry reaction frame seat and is connected with the bottom of the model frame through a buckle and is used for simulating the natural earthquake which is produced by large-area collapse of a goaf.
8. The device for simulating the stability of a working surface of a mine by a natural earthquake as claimed in claim 7, wherein the data acquisition system comprises an acoustic emission monitoring system, a stress monitoring system and a microseismic monitoring system, wherein the acoustic emission monitoring system, the stress monitoring system and the microseismic monitoring system are respectively buried between different rock strata through acoustic emission sensors, stress sensors and earthquake pick-up sensors, and each sensor monitors corresponding signals when the working surface is mined back and a goaf collapses and transmits the signals to an external control system through a connecting line for analysis.
9. The device for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face according to claim 8, wherein a displacement acquisition system is further arranged in the simulated stratum, and the displacement sensor is utilized to explore the time-space evolution law of stress transmission of each stratum from the underground to the earth surface after the natural earthquake occurs.
10. A method for simulating the stability of a natural earthquake to a mine working face, which is realized by adopting the device for simulating the stability of the natural earthquake to the mine working face, according to one of claims 6 to 9, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, designing a test scheme and a test proportion:
the test parameters mainly comprise model similarity constants, simulated coal seam geological structures, coal rock three-dimensional stress states and the matching of similar simulation materials of the coal rock, and the similar simulation materials with required strength are manufactured according to the matching;
step 2, manufacturing a modularized coal body:
the modularized coal preparation device is manufactured by adopting the modularized coal preparation device, the modularized coal preparation device comprises a plastic film, hemp ropes and a coal preparation mould, the coal preparation mould is a detachable mould, holes are respectively formed in the front side and the rear side of the coal preparation mould, so that hemp ropes are convenient to place, and a plurality of knots are arranged in the middle of the hemp ropes; in the specific process of manufacturing, the proportioned coal body materials are uniformly mixed and poured into a coal body manufacturing mould paved with a plastic film and hemp ropes, a certain allowance is reserved at two ends of the hemp ropes, then the coal body is put into a curing box for curing, and the coal body manufacturing mould is taken down after the completion of curing;
step 3, paving a similar simulation material and a data acquisition system:
sequentially assembling a front baffle and a high-permeability acrylic plate on a model frame according to the height of a paved coal bed in engineering calculation, so that a certain height detachable window is reserved at the coal bed exploitation level, sequentially paving the mixed materials and modularized coal bodies into the model frame, sequentially embedding a data acquisition system corresponding to an acoustic emission sensor, a stress sensor, a displacement sensor and a vibration pickup sensor in the paving process, and respectively connecting to an external control system;
step 4, simulating a stress state:
the method comprises the steps of loading by a vertical stress loading system to provide vertical stress, providing left-right gradient side pressure by a gradient horizontal stress hydraulic loading system on two sides, injecting different water pressures into a back-side pressure-bearing water bag by a water injection device to provide front-back gradient side pressure, wherein the gradient side pressure in the left-right direction and the front-back direction are sequentially reduced from bottom to top, injecting certain water pressure into one side or all bottom pressure-bearing water bags by the water injection device to push a plastic soft plate to rise upwards so as to push a coal seam bottom plate to form an inclined and buckled structural stress form;
step 5, simulating coal mining and induced mining earthquake activities:
disassembling a high-permeability acrylic plate at the detachable window to expose a simulated coal seam, installing a guide rail, a sliding block, a rivet and a vibration generator on the front baffle plate which is tightly attached to a coal seam bottom plate, moving the vibration generator to the right side of a modularized coal body which is a certain distance away from a boundary, starting the vibration generator, slowly extracting the modularized coal body reserved at the position of the vibration generator, simulating a roadway tunneling process, and forming a retractive roadway; then, the long clamps are used for inserting the integral sections formed by bonding the roof bolts, the metal meshes and the metal gaskets in advance into the upper roof of the retracting roadway and compacting the integral sections, so that the upper roof has a certain initial stress state, and the retracting roadway support is simulated; then, closing the vibration generator, moving to the left side, restarting, slowly extracting the modularized coal body to form a simulated open-cut eye, and sequentially placing the simulated open-cut eye into an electro-hydraulic bracket simulation device for supporting a top plate; along with the pushing of the working face, the vibration generator also slowly moves, at the moment, the modularized coal body is slowly extracted, and when the modularized coal body is extracted for a certain length, the electro-hydraulic support simulation device is controlled to slowly descend the column, move forwards and lift the column in sequence until the modularized coal body is completely extracted, and the electro-hydraulic support device integrally advances for a depth cutting length to start the next stoping; reciprocating until the working face is exploited; in the stoping process, a data acquisition system is utilized to monitor and transmit data to a control system in real time for recording and analysis, and the acquired data comprise mining vibration data generated by goaf collapse;
step 6, simulating natural earthquake activity:
when the stoping distance of the working face reaches the middle part of the mining area, starting a bottom vibrating table and suspending stoping work; gradually improving the earthquake intensity, and recording the numerical change of each sensor in natural earthquake;
step 7, ending the test:
when the pressure monitored by the underground support platform system exceeds a preset value, giving an alarm, representing that the support system is pressed or instable in a large area, closing the test system to finish the test, recovering the test materials, dismantling the test device, and analyzing and finishing the obtained test data through the control system;
and (3) repeating the steps 1 to 7, performing multiple tests, changing the type of the earthquake wave or setting the fixed earthquake occurrence time, and exploring the influence of different types of natural earthquakes on the underground working surface, thereby evaluating the earthquake-resistant stability of the underground support system and the underground mine.
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