CN115266392A - Method for determining internal friction angle of soft rock - Google Patents
Method for determining internal friction angle of soft rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN115266392A CN115266392A CN202210731352.9A CN202210731352A CN115266392A CN 115266392 A CN115266392 A CN 115266392A CN 202210731352 A CN202210731352 A CN 202210731352A CN 115266392 A CN115266392 A CN 115266392A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0228—Low temperature; Cooling means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G01N2203/023—Pressure
- G01N2203/0232—High pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soft rock shearing strength parameter testing in geotechnical engineering, and relates to a method for determining an internal friction angle of a soft rock, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting a small-diameter rock core pipe to drill an undisturbed soft rock, then carrying out a triaxial compression test on the undisturbed soft rock based on a high-pressure low-temperature hydrate triaxial test system, then carrying out sample fracture surface image acquisition, carrying out characterization processing based on PicPicPicPicPicPicPicPicPicpick digital image processing software to obtain a fracture angle, and finally determining the internal friction angle according to a relational expression between the fracture angle and the internal friction angle; the method is simple, convenient to operate, high in precision and capable of directly obtaining the fracture angle without a large number of tests, reading test data and fitting processes.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of soft rock shear strength parameter testing in geotechnical engineering, and relates to a method for determining an internal friction angle of soft rock.
The background art comprises the following steps:
the shear strength refers to the ultimate capacity of the rock-soil body to resist the shear damage of external force, and is an important index for evaluating the mechanical property of the rock-soil body. According to the mol-coulomb strength theory, the shear strength can be divided into friction strength and cohesive strength, but soft rock is a special rock, and the microscopic structure and the engineering property of the soft rock are different from those of soil and hard rock. The clay mineral and the pore defects exist in the soft rock, and the contact friction property between mineral particle frameworks in the soft rock is greatly influenced by the clay mineral components and the pore defects. The friction between skeleton particles includes dynamic friction and static friction, which are not independent, and the dynamic friction and the static friction occur successively during the friction process, and the complicated friction property is macroscopically expressed as friction strength and internal friction angle
Is an index parameter reflecting the friction strength. Therefore, how to reasonably and accurately measure the internal friction angle of the soft rock
Is a key ring for accurately measuring the internal friction angle
The method is beneficial to analyzing the strength characteristic of the soft rock, and is an important support for the theoretical analysis, design calculation, engineering application, numerical simulation and other work of the soft rock.
At present, methods for acquiring rock mass mechanics parameters include a test method, an inversion calculation method, an engineering rock mass quality grading standard method, an engineering comparison method and the like. The test method is a main method for obtaining real mechanical parameters of the rock mass, and meanwhile, the test method is also the basis of other methods. Compared with the field test, the indoor test has the advantages of simple and convenient operation and short time consumption. Therefore, the conventional triaxial compression test is carried out, and the shear strength parameter is obtained by Mohr circle envelope line according to the Mohr-coulomb principle, namely the internal friction angle is measured
The internal friction angle is calculated according to the results of the triaxial test processed by the Moore-Coulomb criterion
The process of (2) is also relatively cumbersome. To address this problem, the prior art CN201510435511.0 discloses a method for measuring rock cohesion c and internal friction angle by using a shooting nail
However, not only does a large number of triaxial tests need to be carried out to establish the relationship between the nail penetration amount and the shear strength parameter, but also the heterogeneous weak interlayer of the soft rock can influence the nail penetration amount, and CN201310145434.6 discloses a method for obtaining the shear strength parameter of a soil body through the in-situ test of a cross plate, but the method is suitable for cohesive soil with high sensitivity and has limitation on the soft rock with high strength and high hardness. Therefore, a method for determining the internal friction angle of soft rock conveniently and scientifically is needed
The method of (1).
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for conveniently, rapidly and scientifically determining the internal friction angle of soft rock, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting a small-diameter rock core pipe to drill undisturbed soft rock, then carrying out a triaxial compression test on the undisturbed soft rock based on a high-pressure low-temperature hydrate triaxial test system, then carrying out sample fracture surface image acquisition, carrying out characterization processing based on PicPicPicPicPicPicPicPicPicpick digital image processing software to obtain a fracture angle, and finally determining the internal friction angle according to a relational expression between the fracture angle and the internal friction angle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the specific process for determining the soft rock internal friction angle comprises the following steps:
(1) Drilling undisturbed soft rock: a small-diameter drill bit with the diameter of 75mm and a rock core pipe with the diameter of 73mm are selected to drill the undisturbed soft rock, and the undisturbed soft rock with the diameter of 50mm is obtained, so that the requirements of uniaxial compressive strength and triaxial compression test diameter are met.
(2) Sample treatment: selecting an art graver to cut and carve the undisturbed soft rock bit by bit, slightly grinding the undisturbed soft rock by using a sharp-tooth steel wire saw blade, repeating the steps until the height of the undisturbed soft rock meets the standard sample size, and numbering each sample;
(3) Developing a triaxial compression test: sleeving a rubber membrane on the surface of a sample, then loading the sample into a pressure chamber of a high-pressure low-temperature hydrate triaxial test system, and carrying out an undisturbed soft rock triaxial compression test, wherein two parallel tests are carried out at the same confining pressure level;
(4) And (3) acquiring a fracture surface image: after the triaxial compression test is finished, taking out the damaged samples, flatly placing all the samples on a workbench surface, and collecting fracture surface images by adopting a digital camera to be vertical to the fracture surfaces;
(5) Characterization processing to obtain a break angle: processing a fracture surface image of the sample by adopting PicPicpick digital image software, and performing characterization processing on the fracture surface image to obtain a fracture angle alpha between a fracture surface of the sample and a large principal stress action surfacef；
(6) Calculating the internal friction angle: according to the angle of rupture alphafAngle of internal friction
The relation of (1):
obtaining a calculation formula of the internal friction angle:
obtaining the internal friction angle of the soft rock according to the formula (2)
The high-pressure low-temperature hydrate static triaxial test system is produced by GDS company in UK, the model is ETAS, the maximum confining pressure is 32MPa, and the maximum axial force is 100kN.
Compared with the prior art, the method is simple, convenient to operate, free of a large number of tests, and high in accuracy of the determined internal friction angle, for soft rock, the method for measuring the internal friction angle by the Mohr circle envelope is influenced by the precision of a triaxial apparatus and test data, the accuracy of the internal friction angle is limited by the data reading error and the data fitting discrete degree, the test data and the fitting process are not required to be read, the fracture angle is directly obtained, and the accuracy is higher.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a detailed flowchart of the method for determining the soft rock internal friction angle according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a mudstone drilling process according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a portion of a mudstone sample according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a process of a three-axis compression test of mudstone according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a stress-strain curve of a three-axis shale test according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein (a) is a first set of samples and (b) is a second set of samples.
FIG. 6 is a sample fracture surface image collected according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) - (h) are samples 1-1-1, 1-1-2, 1-1-3, 1-1-4, 1-2-3, 2-1-2, 2-1-4, 2-2-2, and 2-2-3 in sequence.
FIG. 7 shows a break angle α according to an embodiment of the present inventionfObtaining a process diagram, wherein (a) - (h) in the diagram are samples 1-1-1, 1-1-2, 1-1-3, 1-1-4, 1-2-3, 2-1-2, 2-1-4, 2-2-2 and 2-2-3 in sequence.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the specific process for determining the internal friction angle in this embodiment is as follows:
(1) Drilling undisturbed mudstone:
as mudstone is easy to disturb, the phenomenon of disintegration and damage exists in sample preparation, and errors are caused to the calculation of the internal friction angle in order to avoid disturbance caused by the traditional large-diameter core preparation sample, therefore, a small-diameter drill bit (75 mm) rarely selected by a survey unit at ordinary times is selected, the diameter of a core pipe is 73mm, the diameter of the taken-out original core is exactly 50mm, and the requirements of uniaxial compressive strength and the diameter of a triaxial compression test are met;
(2) Sample treatment:
considering that the soft rock that is used for the ordinary rock to cut the method of making of grinding is not applicable to easy disturbance, simultaneously, the mudstone hardness is great, a sword, ordinary wire saw also is not applicable for the cutwork of stickness soil system appearance, consequently, choose sharp fine arts nicking tool to cut a bit by bit and carve, grind apart gently with sharp tooth wire saw blade, the incessant repetition is until the original state core height satisfies standard sample size to numbering each sample and handling, this experiment divide into two sets ofly, the first group altogether: 1-1-1, 1-1-2, 1-1-3, 1-1-4, 1-2-1, 1-2-2, 1-2-3, 1-2-4; second group: 2-1-1, 2-1-2, 2-1-3, 2-1-4, 2-2-1, 2-2-2, 2-2-3, 2-2-4; each group is subjected to two parallel tests respectively corresponding to the confining pressure of 0.5MPa, 1.0MPa, 1.5MPa and 2.0MPa, and the result is taken once more ideally;
(3) Developing a triaxial compression test:
because the common rock triaxial apparatus has higher pressure grade and lower mudstone strength,the stable reading is not shown, the stable reading is destroyed, the precision is insufficient, therefore, a high-pressure low-temperature hydrate static triaxial test system with the pressure grade between the ordinary rock triaxial apparatus and the geotechnical triaxial apparatus is selected, the apparatus is produced by GDS company in England, the model is ETAS, the maximum confining pressure is 32MPa, the maximum axial force is 100kN, and the standard triaxial test, the stress path test and the K path test can be carried out on the system0A consolidation test, which meets the test requirements of the embodiment, and simultaneously, in order to avoid the invasion of pressurized medium liquid oil in a pressure chamber, a rubber membrane is sleeved on the surface of a sample, then the sample is loaded into the pressure chamber of a high-pressure low-temperature hydrate triaxial test system, an undisturbed mudstone triaxial compression test is carried out, two parallel tests are carried out on the sample with the same confining pressure grade due to poor homogeneity of the mudstone, the adopted result is ideal once, and finally a first group of samples 1-1-1, 1-1-2, 1-1-3, 1-1-4, 1-2-3 and a second group of samples 2-1-2, 2-1-4, 2-2-2 and 2-2-3 are selected for analysis;
(4) Fracture surface image acquisition:
after the triaxial compression test is finished, taking out the damaged sample, flatly placing the first group of samples 1-1-1, 1-1-2, 1-1-3, 1-1-4 and 1-2-3 and the second group of samples 2-1-2, 2-1-4, 2-2-2 and 2-2-3 on a workbench surface, and acquiring an image by adopting a digital camera to be vertical to a fracture surface, wherein the fracture surface acquisition image of the sample is shown in FIG. 6;
(5) Characterization to obtain the break angle αf：
Processing the fracture surface image of the sample by adopting PicPicPicpick digital image software, wherein the principle is equivalent to the angle measurement of a protractor, and characterizing the fracture surface image of the sample to obtain the fracture angle alpha of the sample damagefThe treatment process is shown in FIG. 7, and the results are shown in Table 1;
(6) Calculating the internal friction angle
Fracture angle alpha between sample failure surface and large principal stress action surface in triaxial compression testfInternal angle of friction therewith
The relationship of (1) is:
obtaining a calculation formula of the internal friction angle according to the formula:
the fracture angle alpha between the sample fracture surface and the large principal stress action surface obtained in the step (5)fCalculating soft rock internal friction angle
The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: internal friction angle phi (unit:degree) of mudstone sample
Calculating the internal friction angle of the mudstone by determining the internal friction angle
And was 23.2.
Example 2:
this example used the prior Moore-Coulomb intensity criterion method to calculate the internal friction angle for the sample of example 1
Counting the results of the triaxial test, and utilizing the geometrical relationship between the failure principal stress line and the Moire intensity envelope to obtain the large principal stress sigma1Small principal stress σ3Inner angle of friction
The relationship between the three is shown in formula (3),
fitting the large principal stress sigma according to the triaxial test result1And small principal stress σ3The relationship between the two is obtained as the formula (4)
σ1＝a+bσ3 (4)
Wherein a and b are the intercept and slope of the fitting line, respectively, and deriving the following equations (5) and (6)
The results of the two groups of shale triaxial test are calculated by the formula (6) and respectively:
group 1:
group 2:
average value:
mudstone internal friction angle determined by calculation method of the embodiment and the embodiment 1
21.6 deg. and 23.2 deg., respectively, differing by only 6.9%. The comparison and verification with the molar-coulomb strength criterion method show that the method for determining the internal friction angle of soft rock provided by the embodiment is scientific and feasible.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining the internal friction angle of soft rock is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) Drilling undisturbed soft rock: a small-diameter drill bit with the diameter of 75mm and a rock core pipe with the diameter of 73mm are selected to drill the undisturbed soft rock, and the undisturbed soft rock with the diameter of 50mm is obtained, so that the requirements of uniaxial compressive strength and triaxial compression test diameter are met.
(2) Sample treatment: selecting an art nicking tool to cut and carve the undisturbed soft rock, grinding the undisturbed soft rock by using a sharp-tooth steel wire saw blade, repeating the steps until the height of the undisturbed soft rock meets the standard sample size, and numbering each sample;
(3) Developing a triaxial compression test: sleeving a rubber membrane on the surface of a sample, then loading the sample into a pressure chamber of a high-pressure low-temperature hydrate triaxial test system, and carrying out an undisturbed soft rock triaxial compression test, wherein two parallel tests are carried out at the same confining pressure level;
(4) And (3) acquiring a fracture surface image: after the triaxial compression test is finished, taking out the damaged samples, flatly placing all the samples on a workbench surface, and collecting fracture surface images by adopting a digital camera to be vertical to the fracture surfaces;
(5) Characterization processing to obtain a break angle: processing a fracture surface image of the sample by adopting PicPicPicpick digital image software, performing characterization processing on the fracture surface image, and acquiring a fracture angle alpha between a fracture surface of the sample and a large principal stress action surfacef；
(6) Calculating the internal friction angle: according to the angle of rupture alphafAngle of internal friction
The relation of (1):
obtaining a calculation formula of the internal friction angle:
obtaining the internal friction angle of the soft rock according to the formula (2)
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| CN202210731352.9A CN115266392A (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Method for determining internal friction angle of soft rock |
| PCT/CN2023/097672 WO2023246459A1 (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2023-06-01 | Method for determining angle of internal friction of soft rock |
| GB2319807.0A GB2624982A (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2023-06-01 | Method for determining angle of internal friction of soft rock |
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| CN202210731352.9A CN115266392A (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Method for determining internal friction angle of soft rock |
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| WO2023246459A1 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | 青岛理工大学 | Method for determining angle of internal friction of soft rock |
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| CN102645383B (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2014-12-03 | 中冶集团资源开发有限公司 | Method for measuring shear strength of discontinuous shear plane of rock by utilizing three-shaft compression |
| CN109141960A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2019-01-04 | 绍兴文理学院 | A kind of in-situ test method obtaining rock parameter |
| EP3904867B9 (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2022-11-02 | voestalpine Stahl GmbH | Method and device for determining the break area of a sample |
| CN112014240B (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2023-11-24 | 山东科技大学 | Rock mass shearing parameter evaluation method based on in-situ surface single fracture |
| CN115266392A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-11-01 | 青岛理工大学 | Method for determining internal friction angle of soft rock |
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| WO2023246459A1 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | 青岛理工大学 | Method for determining angle of internal friction of soft rock |
| GB2624982A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2024-06-05 | Univ Qingdao Technology | Method for determining angle of internal friction of soft rock |
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