CN115264401A - Pipeline inspection map manufacturing method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing - Google Patents
Pipeline inspection map manufacturing method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/005—Protection or supervision of installations of gas pipelines, e.g. alarm
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
- F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a pipeline inspection map based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that an electronic map of an acoustic wave sensing optical fiber circuit with longitude and latitude information is constructed by winding an acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of a pipeline in an S-shaped wiring mode; after the electronic map and the public map are fused, actively superposing and fixing a vibration signal on the sound wave sensing optical fiber, and correcting the fused map to generate an optimized sound wave optical fiber circuit electronic map; mapping the length position of the pipeline to an acoustic wave optical fiber line electronic map according to the functional relation between the first length and the second length to generate a pipeline inspection map; the invention can greatly improve the inspection efficiency, save the maintenance and operation cost and generate good economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline calibration, in particular to a pipeline inspection map manufacturing method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing.
Background
The petroleum and natural gas pipeline is used as the main artery of national energy transportation, the safe and stable operation of the pipeline plays an important role in national economic development and social stability. At present, frequent accidents of oil and gas pipelines mainly concentrate on pipeline leakage caused by pipeline breakage, wrong excavation, illegal mining and the like. In the past, the pipeline inspection mainly depends on manual work or unmanned aerial vehicle inspection, however, the laying distance of oil and natural gas pipelines is long, and the pipelines often pass through complex geographical environments such as mountainous areas, rivers, tunnels, gullies and the like, so that great challenges are brought to the daily inspection of the pipelines, a great amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed, the efficiency is low, the most important thing is that the 7x 24-hour all-weather real-time monitoring cannot be realized, and after a fault accident happens, the accident cannot be found in time and is quickly positioned to the fault position to perform response processing, so that great economic loss is caused.
Distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing technology is as a neotype optic fibre pipeline sensing monitoring technology, can place sound wave sensing optic fibre along the pipeline outer wall together, through the vibration that the sensing optic fibre perception arouses because of external environment changes, calculates the phase difference of the interior coherent rayleigh scattered light of optic fibre to monitor the position of pipeline vibration point everywhere, and judge with this whether the pipeline exists the leakage accident and fix a position the fault point. However, the existing distributed acoustic wave sensing optical fiber system has two defects in practical engineering application; 1) The acoustic sensing optical fiber is laid along the pipeline without adopting a regular optical fiber arrangement mode, so that a system monitoring position has larger deviation from an actual position; 2) At present, the distance from a pipeline fault point to a distributed optical fiber host is obtained mainly by calculating the optical path length of coherent Rayleigh scattering light in an acoustic sensing optical fiber, but actual geographical position information is lacked, and the calculated optical path length of the optical fiber is often greatly different from the actual position, so that the geographical position information of the fault point is difficult to accurately mark, and the workload and the patrol efficiency of pipeline daily maintenance personnel are greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for making a pipeline inspection map based on a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing with a double M-Z (Mach-Zehnder) interference structure (fig. 2), which is used for regularly arranging acoustic wave sensing optical fibers on oil and gas pipelines, performing signal analysis on obtained vibration signals by using a coherent direct detection method and an advanced wavelet analysis method, obtaining vibration frequency components in a frequency domain and intercepting effective vibration signal segments, and performing cross-correlation operation on the intercepted signals to obtain the magnitude and position of the vibration amplitude of the signals; the method comprises the steps of generating an electronic map of the distributed acoustic wave optical fiber sensing circuit by establishing geographical basic data and longitude and latitude coordinate information of the whole section of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber circuit; the method comprises the steps of correcting an obtained electronic map by comparing monitoring data and actual data of a distributed acoustic wave sensing optical fiber system, mapping the electronic map of a distributed acoustic wave optical fiber sensing circuit into a pipeline electronic map according to the functional relation between the length of the distributed sensing optical fiber and the length of a pipeline, and fusing the pipeline electronic map with a public map to generate a patrol map of the petroleum and natural gas pipeline.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the application provides a pipeline inspection map manufacturing method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that an electronic map of an acoustic wave sensing optical fiber circuit with longitude and latitude information is constructed by winding an acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of a pipeline in an S-shaped wiring mode;
after the electronic map and the public map are fused, actively superposing and fixing a vibration signal on the sound wave sensing optical fiber, and correcting the fused map to generate an optimized sound wave optical fiber circuit electronic map;
and mapping the length position of the pipeline to an acoustic wave optical fiber circuit electronic map according to the functional relation between the first length and the second length to generate a pipeline inspection map.
Preferably, in the process of winding the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of the pipeline in an S-shaped routing manner, the pipeline is composed of a first pipeline with a standard length and a second pipeline with a non-standard length;
the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber consists of a first acoustic wave sensing optical fiber with a fixed length and a second acoustic wave sensing optical fiber with a non-fixed length;
winding a first acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of a first pipeline in an S-shaped wiring mode, wherein the length of the first acoustic wave sensing optical fiber is integral multiple of the length of the first pipeline;
winding a second acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of the second pipeline in an S-shaped wiring mode, wherein the length of the second acoustic wave sensing optical fiber is integral multiple of the length of the second pipeline;
the sound wave sensing optical fiber is used for collecting vibration signals of the pipeline.
Preferably, in the process of winding the second acoustic wave sensing fiber on the outer wall of the second pipe in an S-shaped routing manner, the length expression of the second pipe is as follows:
wherein g (l) represents the length H of the second conduitiLength L of optical fiber for sensing second acoustic waveiA = L/H, Bi＝Hi/Li，Li>L denotes the length of the first acoustic sensing fiber and H denotes the length of the first conduit.
Preferably, in the process of generating the electronic map, the length P of the pipeline is acquiredtAnd a functional correspondence to the length of the acoustic sensing fiber laid on the pipeline, wherein the correspondence is expressed as:
preferably, in the process of generating longitude and latitude information of the acoustic sensing optical fiber, generating geographic position basic data of the acoustic sensing optical fiber by adopting a surveying and mapping or aerial photography method;
and converting the geographic position basic data into longitude and latitude information, and constructing an electronic map.
Preferably, in the process of generating the geographic position basic data, collecting a vibration signal of the acoustic sensing optical fiber and performing wavelet transformation;
obtaining the frequency of the vibration signal through Fourier transform on the vibration signal after wavelet transform;
acquiring two paths of optical signals of the acoustic sensing optical fiber, and performing cross-correlation operation according to frequency to acquire signal delay of the two paths of optical signals;
and acquiring the distance between the generation point of the vibration signal and the vibration signal acquisition point through signal delay, the length of the acoustic sensing optical fiber, the light speed and the light refractive index.
Preferably, in the wavelet transform of the vibration signal, the expression of the wavelet transform is:
where ψ (t) is the mother wavelet, a is the scale factor, and τ represents the signal delay.
Preferably, the fourier transform expression on the wavelet transform signal is:
x (W) and Ψ (ω) are Fourier transformed functions of X (t) and Ψ (t).
Preferably, by extracting WTXVibration frequency component { f of (a, τ) signal1，f2，f3…，fn}; the inverse Fourier transform is performed to obtain d (t) of the effective vibration signal.
Preferably, a cross-correlation operation is performed on the two optical signals detected by the detector:
obtaining two paths of optical path time delays tau;
preferably by means of a formula
Can give Z0Distance L from vibration point to rear coupler 1V: where L is the length of the entire fiber, c is the speed of light, and n is the fiber refractive index.
Preferably, L isVSubstituting into formula
Can obtain Z0Location of vibration points in the pipe.
Preferably, in the process of correcting the fused map, a fixed vibration signal is actively superposed on the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber to obtain the position of the acoustic wave vibration optical fiber;
comparing the position of the acoustic vibration optical fiber with the actual position of the acoustic vibration optical fiber to generate a correction factor B for correcting the position of the acoustic vibration optical fiberi；
According to a correction factor BiAnd correcting the fused map to generate the acoustic wave optical fiber line electronic map.
Preferably, in the process of mapping the length position of the pipeline to the acoustic wave optical fiber line electronic map, the function P is adoptedtAnd mapping the pipeline corresponding to the acoustic vibration optical fiber to an acoustic optical fiber circuit electronic map to generate a pipeline inspection map.
Preferably, the pipe inspection map making system for implementing the pipe inspection map making method includes:
the circuit electronic map building module is used for building an electronic map of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber circuit with longitude and latitude information by winding the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of the pipeline in an S-shaped wiring mode;
the electronic map optimization module is used for actively superposing and fixing a vibration signal on the sound wave sensing optical fiber after the electronic map and the public map are fused, correcting the fused map and generating an optimized sound wave optical fiber line electronic map;
and the pipeline inspection map generation module is used for mapping the length position of the pipeline to the sound wave optical fiber line electronic map according to the functional relation between the first length and the second length to generate a pipeline inspection map.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the distributed acoustic sensing optical fibers are arranged along the wall of the pipeline, so that the frequency abnormal position monitored by the acoustic sensing optical fibers can be subjected to function mapping to obtain a pipeline fault point. When the pipeline is abnormal and has faults, the geographical position information of the fault point can be calibrated in real time on the manufactured inspection map, and maintenance personnel can quickly navigate to the fault point according to the prompted position information to carry out maintenance treatment; meanwhile, the acoustic wave sensing system can realize all-weather real-time online monitoring for 7x24 hours, so that the method can greatly improve the inspection efficiency, save the maintenance and operation cost and generate good economic and social benefits.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a distributed acoustic wave sensing system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the invention provides a pipeline inspection map making method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing, which comprises the steps of regularly arranging acoustic sensing optical fibers on oil and natural gas pipelines, carrying out signal analysis on obtained vibration signals by adopting an advanced wavelet analysis method, obtaining vibration frequency components in a frequency domain, intercepting effective vibration signal segments, and carrying out cross-correlation operation on the intercepted signals to obtain the magnitude and the position of a signal vibration amplitude; and generating an electronic map of the distributed acoustic wave optical fiber sensing circuit by establishing the information of the geographical basic data and the longitude and latitude coordinates of the whole section of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber circuit. The method comprises the following steps of correcting an obtained electronic map by comparing monitoring data and actual data of a distributed acoustic wave sensing optical fiber system, mapping the electronic map of a distributed acoustic wave optical fiber sensing line into a pipeline electronic map according to the functional relation between the length of the distributed sensing optical fiber and the length of a pipeline, and fusing the pipeline electronic map with a public map to generate a patrol map of the petroleum and natural gas pipeline, wherein the specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
step 1: the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber with the fixed length of L meters is wound on the wall of the pipeline along the pipeline with the standard length of H meters in an S-shaped wiring mode, the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber can sense vibration signals of the pipeline wall to the maximum extent in the S-shaped wiring mode, and the optical fiber length L is guaranteed to be integral multiple of the pipeline length H. In the actual construction of pipelines, because of special terrains, some areas can not be placed with standard pipelines with the length of H meters, and only H can be placediA length of tubing (where i is the non-standard tubing serial number, i =1,2,3 \ 8230n); according to the length H of the pipelineiFor acoustic wave sensing optical fiber length LiWhile making the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber length LiIs the length H of the pipelineiIntegral multiple of, length H of any section of pipelineiAnd the length L of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the pipeline walliIs as follows：
Wherein g (l) is any pipeline HiAnd the length L of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiberiA = L/H, Bi＝Hi/Li；Li>5。
Step 2: after the acoustic sensing optical fibers are laid along the pipeline wall, the names G of the acoustic sensing optical fibers at each section are marked in sequenceiLength information LiThe length of each point of the pipeline corresponds to the length of the acoustic sensing optical fiber, and the relationship is as follows:
and step 3: the method comprises the steps of establishing geographic position basic data of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber by adopting a surveying and mapping or aerial photographing method, converting the geographic basic data of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber into longitude and latitude information, and generating an electronic map of an acoustic wave sensing optical fiber circuit through the longitude and latitude information.
And 4, step 4: and (4) fusing the acoustic sensing optical fiber electronic map obtained in the step (3) with a public map to generate a sensing optical fiber patrol map.
And 5: sequentially in each section of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber GiActively superposing a fixed vibration signal with the fixed frequency of f Hz, and measuring Z in a vibration point diagram 2 by adopting a wavelet analysis method for the signal0The position of the sensing optical fiber is compared with the actual optical fiber position for each GiThe length of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber is corrected to obtain a correction factor Bi. Correcting factor BiAnd (4) adding the electronic map of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber circuit obtained in the step (5), correcting the electronic map, and repeating the step (2-4) for three times to obtain an optimized acoustic wave sensing optical fiber patrol map.
And 6: and (3) mapping the length position of the optical fiber acoustic wave sensing optical fiber to the length position of the pipeline through the formula (2) in the step (2), namely mapping the acoustic wave sensing patrol map obtained in the step (5) to a pipeline patrol map.
Because the distributed acoustic sensing optical fibers are all arranged along the wall of the pipeline, the frequency abnormal position monitored by the acoustic sensing optical fibers can obtain a pipeline fault point through function mapping. When the pipeline is abnormal and has faults, the geographical position information of the fault point can be calibrated in real time on the prepared pipeline patrol map, and maintenance personnel can quickly navigate to the fault point for maintenance according to the prompted position information; meanwhile, the acoustic wave sensing system can realize all-weather real-time online monitoring for 7x24 hours, so that the method can greatly improve the inspection efficiency, save the maintenance and operation cost and generate good economic and social benefits.
The present invention has been described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A pipeline inspection map manufacturing method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that an electronic map of an acoustic wave sensing optical fiber circuit with longitude and latitude information is constructed by winding an acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of a pipeline in an S-shaped wiring mode;
after the electronic map and the public map are fused, actively superposing and fixing a vibration signal on the sound wave sensing optical fiber, and correcting the fused map to generate an optimized sound wave optical fiber circuit electronic map;
and mapping the length position of the pipeline to the sound wave optical fiber circuit electronic map according to the functional relation between the first length and the second length to generate a pipeline inspection map.
2. The pipeline inspection map making method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the process of winding the acoustic sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of the pipeline in an S-shaped wiring mode, the pipeline consists of a first pipeline with standard length and a second pipeline with non-standard length;
the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber consists of a first acoustic wave sensing optical fiber with a fixed length and a second acoustic wave sensing optical fiber with a non-fixed length;
winding the first acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of the first pipeline in an S-shaped routing mode, wherein the length of the first acoustic wave sensing optical fiber is an integral multiple of the length of the first pipeline;
winding the second acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of the second pipeline in an S-shaped wiring mode, wherein the length of the second acoustic wave sensing optical fiber is integral multiple of the length of the second pipeline;
the sound wave sensing optical fiber is used for collecting vibration signals of the pipeline.
3. The pipeline inspection map making method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to claim 2, characterized in that:
in the process of winding the second acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of the second pipeline in an S-shaped routing manner, a length expression of the second pipeline is as follows:
wherein g (l) represents the length H of the second conduitiLength L of optical fiber for sensing second acoustic waveiA = L/H, Bi＝Hi/Li，Li>L denotes the length of the first acoustic sensing fiber and H denotes the length of the first conduit.
4. The pipeline inspection map making method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to claim 3, characterized in that:
in the process of generating the electronic map, the length P of the pipeline is obtainedtA functional correspondence to a length of an acoustic sensing fiber laid on the pipeline, wherein the correspondence is expressed as:
5. the pipeline inspection map making method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to claim 4, characterized in that:
in the process of generating longitude and latitude information of the acoustic sensing optical fiber, generating geographic position basic data of the acoustic sensing optical fiber by adopting a surveying and mapping or aerial photography method;
and converting the geographic position basic data into the longitude and latitude information, and constructing the electronic map.
6. The pipeline inspection map making method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that:
collecting vibration signals of the acoustic sensing optical fiber and performing wavelet transformation in the process of generating the geographical position basic data;
obtaining the frequency of the vibration signal after wavelet transformation through Fourier transformation;
acquiring two optical signals of the acoustic sensing optical fiber, and performing cross-correlation operation according to the frequency to acquire signal delay of the two optical signals;
and acquiring the distance between the generation point of the vibration signal and the vibration signal acquisition point through the signal delay, the length of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber, the light speed and the light refractive index.
7. The pipeline inspection map making method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to claim 6, characterized in that:
in the process of performing wavelet transformation on the vibration signal, the expression of the wavelet transformation is as follows:
where ψ (t) is the mother wavelet, a is the scale factor and τ represents the signal delay.
8. The pipeline inspection map making method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to claim 7, characterized in that:
in the process of correcting the fused map, actively superposing and fixing a vibration signal on the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber to obtain the position of the acoustic wave vibration optical fiber;
comparing the position of the acoustic vibration optical fiber with the actual position of the acoustic vibration optical fiber to generateCorrection factor B for correcting position of acoustic vibration optical fiberi；
According to the correction factor BiAnd correcting the fused map to generate the acoustic wave optical fiber circuit electronic map.
9. The pipeline inspection map making method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to claim 8, characterized in that:
in the process of mapping the length position of the pipeline to the acoustic wave optical fiber circuit electronic map, according to a function PtAnd mapping the pipeline corresponding to the acoustic vibration optical fiber to the acoustic optical fiber circuit electronic map to generate the pipeline inspection map.
10. The pipeline inspection map making method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to claim 9, characterized in that:
a pipeline patrols and examines map manufacturing system for realizing pipeline patrols and examines map manufacturing method includes:
the circuit electronic map building module is used for building an electronic map of the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber circuit with longitude and latitude information by winding the acoustic wave sensing optical fiber on the outer wall of the pipeline in an S-shaped wiring mode;
the electronic map optimization module is used for actively superposing and fixing a vibration signal on the sound wave sensing optical fiber after the electronic map and the public map are fused, correcting the fused map and generating an optimized sound wave optical fiber circuit electronic map;
and the pipeline inspection map generating module is used for mapping the length position of the pipeline to the sound wave optical fiber circuit electronic map according to the functional relation between the first length and the second length to generate a pipeline inspection map.
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