CN115259964B - Special vegetable compound fertilizer prepared from Tabanus - Google Patents
Special vegetable compound fertilizer prepared from Tabanus Download PDFInfo
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- CN115259964B CN115259964B CN202210816938.5A CN202210816938A CN115259964B CN 115259964 B CN115259964 B CN 115259964B CN 202210816938 A CN202210816938 A CN 202210816938A CN 115259964 B CN115259964 B CN 115259964B
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- premix
- compound fertilizer
- manure
- wormcast
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 241000255626 Tabanus <genus> Species 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 241000709785 Hermetia illucens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 235000003261 Artemisia vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 241000255632 Tabanus atratus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- 235000017731 Artemisia dracunculus ssp. dracunculus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000001138 artemisia absinthium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims description 10
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940076230 magnesium sulfate monohydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- LFCFXZHKDRJMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;sulfate;hydrate Chemical group O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LFCFXZHKDRJMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 3
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- WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-cineole Natural products C1CC2CCC1(C)OC2(C)C WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000203809 Actinomycetales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001112695 Clostridiales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001194479 Cucumis melo var. makuwa Species 0.000 description 1
- WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-WAAGHKOSSA-N Eucalyptol Chemical compound C1C[C@H]2CC[C@]1(C)OC2(C)C WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-WAAGHKOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001141101 Nitrospirales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000488583 Panonychus ulmi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233679 Peronosporaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255969 Pieris brassicae Species 0.000 description 1
- GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N Thermopsosid Natural products O(C)c1c(O)ccc(C=2Oc3c(c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O4)c3)C(=O)C=2)c1 GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001887 anti-feedant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960005233 cineole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003450 growing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010070324 lumbrokinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940012957 plasmin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003648 triterpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special vegetable compound fertilizer prepared from Tabanus. The invention provides a special compound fertilizer for vegetables, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 70-90 parts of horsefly manure, 40-60 parts of wormcast, 15-30 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, 5-10 parts of waste tea seed cake, 5-10 parts of wormwood and 1-3 parts of premix. The mass fraction of organic matters in the special vegetable compound fertilizer is 50-65%, the mass fraction of humus is 10-30%, the mass fraction sum of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium is 5.3-10.7%, the physicochemical property and biological property of soil can be effectively improved, the water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capability of the soil are enhanced, rich organic matters and comprehensive nutrient elements are provided for crops, the effects of insect prevention and disease resistance are achieved, and the crop yield and crop quality are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special vegetable compound fertilizer prepared from Tabanus.
Background
The fertilizer is an important agricultural production data, and is widely applied to agricultural production because of the rich available nutrient content and remarkable yield increasing effect. However, as the chemical fertilizer is excessively used for a long time, environmental pollution is more serious, and the basic fertility of soil is gradually weakened. The organic fertilizer prepared from the livestock manure serving as the agricultural and forestry waste has great advantages in providing comprehensive nutrition for crops, improving soil fertility and improving physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, the organic fertilizer prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes such as the traditional livestock and poultry manure and the like as main raw materials has the defects of single nutrient, slow fertilizer efficiency, excessive heavy metal and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art and provides a special vegetable compound fertilizer prepared by using horsefly manure, which improves the physicochemical property and biological property of soil and enhances the water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capacity of the soil; providing rich organic matters and comprehensive nutrient elements for crops, playing roles in insect prevention and disease resistance, and improving the crop yield and the crop quality.
The invention provides a special compound fertilizer for vegetables, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 70-90 parts of horsefly manure, 40-60 parts of wormcast, 15-30 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, 5-10 parts of waste tea seed cake, 5-10 parts of wormwood and 1-3 parts of premix.
Preferably, the special vegetable compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 74-85 parts of horsefly manure, 42-49 parts of wormcast, 17-24 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, 5-10 parts of waste tea seed cake, 5-8 parts of wormwood and 1.6-2.1 parts of premix.
Preferably, the special vegetable compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 85 parts of horsefly manure, 42 parts of wormcast, 17 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, 10 parts of waste tea seed cake, 5 parts of wormwood and 2.1 parts of premix;
or comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 79 parts of horsefly manure, 46 parts of wormcast, 20 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, 8 parts of waste tea seed cake, 5 parts of wormwood and 1.7 parts of premix;
Or comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 74 parts of horsefly manure, 49 parts of wormcast, 24 parts of hermetia illucens pupa shell powder, 5 parts of waste tea seed cake, 8 parts of wormwood and 1.6 parts of premix.
Preferably, the premix comprises one or more of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special vegetable compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
Mixing the horsefly manure, the wormcast, the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake, the wormwood and the premix to obtain a premix;
Mixing the premix with a microbial inoculum, and aging to obtain an organic fertilizer;
and drying the organic fertilizer to obtain the special compound fertilizer for the vegetables.
Preferably, the aging time is 10-30 d, and the aging temperature is 25-40 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying is 30-35 ℃ and the time is 4 hours.
Preferably, the bacterial agent comprises an EM bacterial agent.
The invention also provides application of the special compound fertilizer for vegetables in soil improvement and/or vegetable planting.
Preferably, the vegetables include tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers.
The invention provides a special compound fertilizer for vegetables, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 70-90 parts of horsefly manure, 40-60 parts of wormcast, 15-30 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, 5-10 parts of waste tea seed cake, 5-10 parts of wormwood and 1-3 parts of premix. According to the invention, the special vegetable compound fertilizer is prepared from the horsefly manure, the wormcast, the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake, the wormwood and the premix, the mass fraction of organic matters in the special vegetable compound fertilizer is reasonably controlled to be 50-65%, the mass fraction of humus is 10-30%, and the mass fraction sum of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium is 5.3-10.7%, so that the physicochemical property and biological property of soil can be effectively improved, the water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capability of the soil can be enhanced, rich organic matters and comprehensive nutrient elements can be provided for crops, the effects of insect prevention and disease resistance are achieved, and the crop yield and crop quality are improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a special compound fertilizer for vegetables, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 70-90 parts of horsefly manure, 40-60 parts of wormcast, 15-30 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, 5-10 parts of waste tea seed cake, 5-10 parts of wormwood and 1-3 parts of premix.
In the invention, the special vegetable compound fertilizer comprises 70-90 parts of Tabanus, preferably 74-85 parts, more preferably 75-80 parts, and even more preferably 76-79 parts. In the implementation process of the invention, the value is preferably arbitrarily selected from 70-90, for example, the mass fraction of the Tabanus can be 70, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 88 or 89. The nutritional ingredients of the Tabanus disclosed by the invention are preferably as follows in percentage by mass: the organic matter is more than 70%, the water content is less than 30%, and the total amount of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium is more than 5.5%. The horsefly manure is preferably residual horsefly manure matrix obtained by biotransformation of one or more of agricultural and forestry wastes (such as livestock manure, fruit and vegetable garbage) and kitchen garbage. The agricultural and forestry waste refers to agricultural and forestry waste slurry obtained by crushing, three-phase separation and fermentation and decomposition. According to the invention, the black soldier fly larvae are preferably inoculated into the container A, and the adult black soldier fly and the horsefly manure are separated after 10d of cultivation, so that the horsefly manure is obtained. The container A is preferably a cement ground tank, and contains agricultural and forestry waste slurry after being crushed, separated in three phases and fermented and decomposed. The type and the treatment time of the wastes can influence the components of the Tabanus, but the invention controls the influence of different wastes on the components of the Tabanus within an acceptable range by the standardized treatment process and the consistent treatment time of the fermentation decomposition through crushing and three-phase separation, thereby realizing quality control and batch management. The method has no strict requirements on the steps of crushing, three-phase separation and fermentation decomposition, and can be operated conventionally. The length x width x height of the cement silo of the invention is preferably 3m x 2m x 0.3m. The horsefly manure disclosed by the invention is rich in various alkaloids, polypeptides, active enzymes and other biochemical active substances secreted by the horsefly and beneficial bacteria (such as Clostridiales, actinomycetales, nitrospirales and other functional bacteria for antagonizing soil-borne diseases), is favorable for converting nutrient elements into absorbable components, and has the effects of preventing soil-borne diseases such as fusarium wilt, root rot and downy mildew.
In the invention, the special vegetable compound fertilizer comprises 40-60 parts of wormcast, preferably 42-49 parts of wormcast, and more preferably 46-48 parts of wormcast. In the implementation process of the invention, the value is preferably arbitrarily selected from the range of 40-60, for example, the mass fraction of the wormcast can be 40, 43, 45, 45.5, 46, 48, 50, 53, 56, 58, 58.5, 59 or 60. The nutrient components of the wormcast are preferably as follows: organic matter > 45%, humus > 30%, water content < 30%, total amount of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium > 5%, amino acid types 16-18, beneficial living bacteria > 0.2-2 hundred million/g. The wormcast is preferably residual wormcast matrix obtained by biotransformation of one or more of agricultural and forestry wastes (such as livestock manure, fruit and vegetable wastes) and kitchen wastes. The agricultural and forestry waste refers to agricultural and forestry waste slurry obtained by crushing, three-phase separation and fermentation and decomposition. The invention preferably inoculates the earthworm seed in the container B, and separates the adult earthworm and the wormcast after 30d cultivation. The container B is preferably a groove and contains agricultural and forestry waste slurry which is crushed, separated in three phases and fermented and decomposed. The waste types and treatment time can influence the wormcast components, but the invention realizes quality control and batch management by the standardized treatment process and consistent treatment time of fermentation decomposition through crushing and three-phase separation, and the influence of different wastes on the wormcast components is controlled within an acceptable range. The method has no strict requirements on the steps of crushing, three-phase separation and fermentation decomposition, and can be operated conventionally. The length x width x height of the trench according to the invention is preferably 10m x 0.5m x 0.25m. The wormcast disclosed by the invention has good porosities, air permeability and water holding capacity, is rich in lumbrokinase, plasmin, aldehyde gentlevine enzyme, beneficial bacteria and the like, is beneficial to root system growth of crops, strengthens seedlings and plants, improves vegetable yield and vegetable quality, and simultaneously reduces the use quantity and strength of pesticides.
In the invention, the special vegetable compound fertilizer comprises 15-30 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, preferably 17-24 parts, more preferably 17-22 parts, and even more preferably 17-20 parts. In the specific implementation process, the value is preferably arbitrarily selected from the range of 15-30, for example, the parts by weight of the hermetia illucens pupa shell powder can be 15, 16.5, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28 or 30. The hermetia illucens pupa shell powder is preferably surrounding pupa formed by molting of last-year larvae. The source of the hermetia illucens pupa shell powder is not strictly required, and the hermetia illucens pupa shell powder is purchased conventionally. The hermetia illucens pupa shell powder provided by the invention has a large amount of proteins, various amino acids, minerals and chitin, and can promote the growth of crops, effectively resist various soil-borne pathogens, bacteria and viruses in soil, enhance the disease resistance of crops and improve the quality and yield of crops while providing a large amount of nutrient elements for the crops.
In the invention, the special vegetable compound fertilizer comprises 5-10 parts, preferably 6-8 parts, of waste tea seed cake. In the implementation process of the invention, the value is preferably arbitrarily selected from the range of 5-10, for example, the mass fraction of the waste tea seed cake can be 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.2, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9 or 10. The waste tea seed cake is preferably tea cake after oil extraction of camellia seeds. The method has no strict requirements on the oil pressing mode, and the conventional operation is only needed. The waste tea seed cake contains rich protein and tea saponin, and the tea saponin has direct killing effect on ptera insects, can play the roles of biological insect prevention and insect killing, and has a certain rust prevention effect.
In the invention, the vegetable-dedicated compound fertilizer comprises 5-10 parts of artemisia, preferably 5-8 parts of artemisia, and more preferably 8 parts of artemisia. In the implementation process of the invention, the value is preferably arbitrarily selected from the range of 5-10, for example, the mass fraction of the artemisia can be 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9 or 10. The wormwood is preferably Artemisia annua or Artemisia annua. The wormwood disclosed by the invention contains volatile oil, flavone, eucalyptol and triterpenes, has certain repellent effect and inhibition effect on oviposition of pests such as aphids, red spiders, cabbage caterpillars and mollusks, and also has certain contact killing effect and antifeedant activity.
In the invention, the special vegetable compound fertilizer comprises 1-3 parts of premix, preferably 1.6-2.1 parts. Further preferably 1.7 to 2.0 parts. In the implementation process of the invention, the value is preferably arbitrarily selected from the range of 1-3, for example, the mass fraction of the artemisia can be 1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.8, 2.9 or 3. The premix of the invention preferably comprises one or more of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid, and more preferably comprises magnesium sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid; the mass ratio of the magnesium sulfate monohydrate, the ferrous sulfate and the boric acid is preferably (15-30): (40-70): (1 to 3), more preferably (18 to 25): (45-60): (1-2), more preferably 20:50:1. the premix disclosed by the invention is beneficial to enhancing photosynthesis of vegetables, promoting growth and elongation of crop root systems and increasing disease resistance and stress resistance of crops.
According to the invention, the special vegetable compound fertilizer is prepared from the Tabanus, the wormcast, the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake, the wormwood and the premix, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the mass fraction of organic matters in the special vegetable compound fertilizer is 50-65% by reasonably controlling the mass fraction of the raw materials, the mass fraction of the humus is 10-30%, and the mass fraction sum of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium is 5.3-10.7%, so that the special vegetable compound fertilizer contains abundant organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and microelements, is comprehensive in nutrition, can effectively resist various soil-borne pathogens, bacteria and viruses in soil, can also enhance the disease resistance of crops, avoid the damage of pests to the crops, and can improve the quality and yield of the crops.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for vegetables, which comprises the following steps:
Mixing the horsefly manure, the wormcast, the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake, the wormwood and the premix to obtain a premix;
Mixing the premix with a microbial inoculum, and aging to obtain an organic fertilizer;
and drying the organic fertilizer to obtain the special compound fertilizer for the vegetables.
According to the invention, the horsefly manure, the wormcast, the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake, the wormwood and the premix are mixed to obtain the premix. Before mixing, the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake meal and the wormwood are preferably air-dried respectively, and ground into powder when the water content is 30-50%, so that the powder of the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the powder of the waste tea seed cake meal and the powder of the wormwood are obtained. The invention has no strict requirements on the mixing mode, and the mixing mode is carried out conventionally.
After the premix is obtained, the premix is mixed with the microbial inoculum and aged to obtain the organic fertilizer. The aging time of the present invention is preferably 10 to 30 days, more preferably 15 to 25 days, still more preferably 16 to 20 days; the aging temperature is preferably 25 to 40 ℃, more preferably 26 to 35 ℃, and even more preferably 28 to 30 ℃. The microbial inoculum is preferably an EM microbial inoculum; the mass ratio of the premix to the microbial inoculum is preferably 1000: (0.5 to 3), more preferably 1000: (1-2), more preferably 1000:1.5. the EM microbial inoculum provided by the invention is purchased from Xinxiang Hua livestock and commerce limited company. The pre-mix is preferably air-dried during the aging process; the air-drying is preferably natural air-drying. The aging can reduce the water content of the premix, keep the activity of the microbial inoculum, ensure that the water content of the obtained organic fertilizer is less than 30%, ensure that the fertilizer efficiency is stable, and be more beneficial to the utilization of the organic fertilizer.
After the organic fertilizer is obtained, the organic fertilizer is dried to obtain the special compound fertilizer for vegetables. The temperature of the drying is preferably 30-35 ℃, and is further preferably 32-34 ℃; the drying time is preferably 4 hours. The invention preferably carries out granulation on the dried organic fertilizer to obtain the special compound fertilizer for vegetables.
The invention adopts a simple aging technology, is simple to operate, does not need excessive investment on personnel, sites and equipment, can perform workshop type production and industrial production according to scale, mainly uses agriculture and forestry waste as raw materials, avoids the harm caused by chemical fertilizers, also avoids the defects of single nutrient and slow fertilizer efficiency of the traditional organic fertilizers, and simultaneously solves the environmental problems of pollution and the like caused by improper disposal of agriculture and forestry waste to water sources, soil and atmosphere. Really achieves the effective unification of soil improvement and quality improvement and yield increase, and has wide market prospect.
The invention also provides application of the special compound fertilizer for vegetables in soil improvement and/or vegetable planting; the vegetables preferably include tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers. The special compound fertilizer for vegetables has the effects of improving quality and increasing yield for vegetable crops.
The special compound fertilizer for vegetables is preferably applied as a base fertilizer, and the application amount is preferably 1000-2000 kg/mu, and more preferably 1500 kg/mu. The special compound fertilizer for vegetables can effectively improve the physicochemical property and biological property of soil, improve the organic matter content of the soil by 7.6-17.1%, enhance the water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining and fertilizer-supplying capabilities of the soil, provide rich organic matters and comprehensive nutrient elements for crops, play roles in preventing insects and disease, and improve the yield and quality of crops.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the vegetable-specific compound fertilizer, the preparation method and the application thereof provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. The special vegetable compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of horsefly manure (26.35 kg), 42 parts of wormcast (13.02 kg), 17 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder (5.27 kg), 10 parts of waste tea seed cake (3.10 kg), 5 parts of wormwood (1.55 kg) and 2.1 parts of premix (0.651 kg).
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing kitchen waste, pulping, three-phase separating the prepared slurry, putting the slurry into a culture container, inoculating a corresponding number of black soldier fly larvae into a culture container A (a cement trench with the length, width and height of 3m, 2m, 0.3 m), inoculating a corresponding number of earthworm seedlings into a culture container B (a trench with the length, width and height of 10m, 0.4m, 0.25 m), and culturing for 10 days and 30 days respectively, wherein the culture container A is used for culturing residual black soldier fly adults and horsefly manure, and the culture container B is used for culturing residual earthworm adults and wormcast. The required horsefly manure and wormcast are obtained through separation.
(2) Air-drying the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake, the wormwood, and grinding the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake and the wormwood into powder when the water content is 30-50%.
(3) Mixing and stirring uniformly the powder of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid according to the weight ratio of (15-30): (40-70): (1-3) to obtain the premix.
(4) Weighing the powder of the horsefly manure, the wormcast and the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the powder of the waste tea seed cake, the powder of the wormwood and the premix according to parts by weight, pouring the mixture into a pool, uniformly mixing, adding an EM microbial inoculum, and further controlling the water content to be below 30% after aging for 10-30 days.
The aged organic fertilizer is dried at low temperature and granulated to obtain the special compound fertilizer for vegetables, and the special compound fertilizer for vegetables is checked by referring to NY/T525-2021 organic fertilizer, wherein in the final special compound fertilizer for vegetables, organic matters account for about 60.9% of the total mass, humus accounts for about 11.6% of the total mass, and total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium account for about 5.7% of the total mass.
Comparative example 1
The difference with example 1 is that only Tabanus is taken as raw material, and the pure vegetable special compound fertilizer is obtained by fermentation according to the preparation method of the step (1) and the step (4) of example 1.
Application example 1
And selecting a tomato planting area with a growth potential close to that of 3 mu and similar growth conditions in a Yuhang bottle town in Hangzhou city of Zhejiang province, and dividing the tomato planting area into a blank group, an experimental group and a control group.
Before 7-8 months of tomato field planting, applying the special compound fertilizer for vegetables of the example 1 as a base fertilizer for each mu of 1000kg; applying 1000 kg/mu of once-fermented pure pig manure organic fertilizer to the blank group; the control group was applied with 1000 kg/mu of the compound fertilizer for pure vegetables of comparative example 1 once.
Other maintenance conditions and water and fertilizer management were carried out in the same manner according to practical conditions, and tomato growth maturity was examined for each treatment group, and the tomato growth characteristics are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 tomato growth Properties
| Project | Average plant yield (kg) | Single fruit weight (g) | Number of malformed fruits | Soluble total sugar (%) |
| Experimental group | 2.56 | 170.3 | 1050 | 4.18 |
| Blank group | 2.52 | 167.9 | 1260 | 4.151 |
| Control group | 2.52 | 168.0 | 1295 | 4.174 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the experimental group increased the yield by 1.59% compared with the average strain in the blank group, the single fruit weight increased by 2.4g, the abnormal fruit rate decreased by 16.67%, and the soluble total sugar increased by 0.7%; the experimental group has no diseases and insect pests such as fusarium wilt and cotton bollworms, and the blank group and the control group have diseases and insect pests such as fusarium wilt and cotton bollworms. The special vegetable compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention meets the growth requirement of tomatoes, and can effectively improve the yield and quality.
Example 2
1. The special vegetable compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 79 parts of horsefly manure (24.727 kg), 46 parts of wormcast (14.398 kg), 20 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder (6.26 kg), 8 parts of waste tea seed cake (2.504 kg), 5 parts of wormwood (1.565 kg) and 1.7 parts of premix (0.5321 kg).
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing kitchen waste, pulping, carrying out three-phase separation on the prepared slurry, putting the slurry into a culture container, inoculating a corresponding number of black soldier fly larvae into a culture container A (a cement trench with the length, width and height of 3m, 2m, 0.3 m), inoculating a corresponding number of earthworm seedlings into a culture container B (a trench with the length, width and height of 10m, 0.4m, 0.25 m), and culturing for 10 days and 30 days respectively, wherein the rest of black soldier fly adults and horsefly manure are cultured in the culture container A, and the rest of earthworm adults and wormcast are cultured in the culture container B. The required horsefly manure and wormcast are obtained through separation.
(2) Air-drying the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake, the wormwood, and grinding the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake and the wormwood into powder when the water content is 30-50%.
(3) Mixing and stirring uniformly the powder of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid according to the weight ratio of (15-30): (40-70): (1-3) to obtain the premix.
(4) Weighing the powder of the horsefly manure, the wormcast, the black soldier fly pupa shell, the powder of the waste tea seed cake, the powder of the wormwood and the premix according to parts by weight, pouring the mixture into a pool, uniformly mixing, adding an EM microbial inoculum, and further controlling the water content to be below 30% after aging for 10-30 days. And (3) drying and granulating the aged organic fertilizer at low temperature to obtain the special vegetable compound fertilizer, wherein the organic matters account for about 58.4% of the total mass, the humus accounts for about 12.3% of the total mass, and the total nitrogen, the total phosphorus and the total potassium account for about 5.6% of the total mass in the final special vegetable compound fertilizer according to the inspection and calculation result.
Comparative example 2
The same as in example 2 except that 127 parts of pig manure was used instead of Tabanus manure and wormcast, the remaining components and treatments were identical, and the fertilizer was obtained by fermentation according to the preparation method of example 2.
Application example 2
And 3 mu of pepper planting areas with similar growth conditions and close growth vigor are selected from the bottle kiln town in Yuhang areas of Hangzhou city of Zhejiang province and are divided into a blank group, an experimental group and a control group.
Before 3-4 months of pepper field planting, applying the special vegetable compound fertilizer of the example 2 as a base fertilizer for each mu of 1500kg; applying 1500 kg/mu of once-fermented pure pig manure organic fertilizer to the blank group; the control group was applied once with 1500 kg/mu of the fertilizer of comparative example 2. Other maintenance conditions and water and fertilizer management are implemented in the same manner according to practical conditions.
The pepper growth characteristics of each treatment group were examined until the pepper was grown to maturity as shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 Capsicum growing Properties
| Project | Mu yield (kg) | Main root length (cm) | Soil organic matter (g/kg) |
| Experimental group | 1100 | 29.4 | 28.3～34.2 |
| Blank group | 956 | 22.7 | 26.3～29.2 |
| Control group | 1000 | 20.1 | 26.8～30.8 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the length of the main root of the plant of the experimental group is increased by 6.7cm compared with that of the average plant of the blank group, the yield per mu is increased by 15.06%, the harvested peppers of the experimental group are full and bright in color, and the harvested peppers of the blank group are in conditions of flat peppers, dark color and the like. The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention meets the growth requirement of the peppers, can effectively improve the yield and quality, is beneficial to plant root growth, and has a remarkable effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of soil.
Example 3
The special vegetable compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 74 parts of horsefly manure (22.94 kg), 49 parts of wormcast (15.19 kg), 24 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder (7.44 kg), 5 parts of waste tea seed cake (1.55 kg), 8 parts of wormwood (2.48 kg) and 1.6 parts of premix (0.496 kg).
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing kitchen waste, pulping, three-phase separating the prepared slurry, putting the slurry into a culture container, inoculating a corresponding number of black soldier fly larvae into a culture container A (a cement trench with the length, width and height of 3m, 2m, 0.3 m), inoculating a corresponding number of earthworm seedlings into a culture container B (a trench with the length, width and height of 10m, 0.4m, 0.25 m), and culturing for 10 days and 30 days respectively, wherein the culture container A is used for culturing residual black soldier fly adults and horsefly manure, and the culture container B is used for culturing residual earthworm adults and wormcast. The required horsefly manure and wormcast are obtained through separation.
(2) Air-drying the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake, the wormwood, and grinding the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake and the wormwood into powder when the water content is 30-50%.
(3) Mixing and stirring uniformly the powder of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid according to the weight ratio of (15-30): (40-70): (1-3) to obtain the premix.
(4) Weighing the horsefly manure, the wormcast, the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake powder, the wormwood powder and the premix according to parts by weight, pouring the mixture into a tank, uniformly mixing, adding an EM microbial inoculum, and further controlling the water content to be below 30% after aging for 10-30 days. And (3) drying and granulating the aged organic fertilizer at low temperature to obtain the special vegetable compound fertilizer, wherein the organic matters account for about 57.7% of the total mass, the humus accounts for about 12.6% of the total mass, and the total nitrogen, the total phosphorus and the total potassium account for about 5.6% of the total mass in the final special vegetable compound fertilizer according to the inspection and calculation result.
Comparative example 3
The same as in example 2 was found to be different in that the fertilizer was obtained by fermenting the same as in example 3 without the black soldier fly pupa shell powder and the spent tea seed cake.
Application example 3
And selecting cucumber planting areas with 3 mu of similar growth conditions in a bottle kiln town in Yuhang areas of Hangzhou city of Zhejiang province, and dividing the areas into a blank group, an experimental group and a control group.
Before 2-3 months of cucumber field planting, applying the special vegetable compound fertilizer of the example 3 as a base fertilizer for each mu of 2000kg; applying 2000 kg/mu of once-fermented pure pig manure organic fertilizer to the blank group; the control group was applied once with 2000 kg/mu of the fertilizer of comparative example 3. Other maintenance conditions and water and fertilizer management are implemented in the same manner according to practical conditions.
Cucumber growth characteristics of each treatment group were examined until cucumber growth matured as shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 cucumber growth Properties
| Project | Cucumber melon length (cm) | Cucumber weight (g) | Mu yield (kg) |
| Experimental group | 24.4 | 147.3 | 7840 |
| Blank group | 22.6 | 140.5 | 7362 |
| Control group | 22.9 | 142.2 | 7637 |
As can be seen from table 3, the average cucumber length and height of the experimental group is increased by 7.96% compared with that of the blank group, the cucumber weight is increased by 4.84%, the cucumber weight per mu is increased by 6.49%, and the cucumber weight per mu is increased by 1.21% compared with that of the control group. The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention meets the growing requirement of cucumbers and can effectively improve the yield and quality.
According to the embodiment, the special vegetable compound fertilizer provided by the invention can effectively improve the physicochemical property and biological property of soil, enhance the water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capability of the soil, provide rich organic matters and comprehensive nutrient elements for crops, play a role in preventing insects and disease, and improve the crop yield and crop quality.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The application of the special vegetable compound fertilizer in reducing the abnormal fruit rate of tomatoes is characterized in that the special vegetable compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 70-90 parts of horsefly manure, 40-60 parts of wormcast, 15-30 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, 5-10 parts of waste tea seed cake, 5-10 parts of wormwood and 1-3 parts of premix;
The premix is magnesium sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid; the mass ratio of the magnesium sulfate monohydrate to the ferrous sulfate to the boric acid is (15-30)/(40-70)/(1-3).
2. The application of claim 1, wherein the vegetable-specific compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 74-85 parts of horsefly manure, 42-49 parts of wormcast, 17-24 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, 5-10 parts of waste tea seed cake, 5-8 parts of wormwood and 1.6-2.1 parts of premix.
3. The application of claim 2, wherein the vegetable-specific compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 85 parts of horsefly manure, 42 parts of wormcast, 17 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, 10 parts of waste tea seed cake, 5 parts of wormwood and 2.1 parts of premix; or comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 79 parts of horsefly manure, 46 parts of wormcast, 20 parts of black soldier fly pupa shell powder, 8 parts of waste tea seed cake, 5 parts of wormwood and 1.7 parts of premix; or comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 74 parts of horsefly manure, 49 parts of wormcast, 24 parts of hermetia illucens pupa shell powder, 5 parts of waste tea seed cake, 8 parts of wormwood and 1.6 parts of premix.
4. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the preparation method of the vegetable-specific compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing the horsefly manure, the wormcast, the black soldier fly pupa shell powder, the waste tea seed cake, the wormwood and the premix to obtain a premix; mixing the premix with a microbial inoculum, and aging to obtain an organic fertilizer; and drying the organic fertilizer to obtain the special compound fertilizer for vegetables.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the ageing is carried out for a period of 10 to 30 days and the ageing is carried out at a temperature of 25 to 40 ℃.
6. The use according to claim 4, wherein the drying is carried out at a temperature of 30-35 ℃ for a period of 4 hours.
7. The use according to claim 4, wherein the bacterial agent is an EM bacterial agent.
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