CN115255388B - Heterostructure-oriented double-laser cold-hot composite machining method - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heterostructure-oriented double-laser cold and hot composite processing method, which comprises the following steps: 1. constructing a three-dimensional model of the heterostructure and slicing the three-dimensional model of the heterostructure in layers; 2. inputting basic data of a heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer into a processing system; 3. double laser cold and hot combined machining of heterostructures. Firstly, a hot working material adding process of a laser selective melting optical system is used for realizing melting printing of matrix powder; secondly, precisely prefabricating a removal area meeting the design requirements of heterogeneous material distribution in the printed area by using a cold working material reduction process of an ultrafast laser optical system; then, accurately presetting one or more heterogeneous materials in a removed area according to distribution requirements, and finishing melting printing of the preset materials by adopting a hot working and material adding process of a laser selective melting optical system, so that two-dimensional heterostructure printing forming in the horizontal direction is realized; with this alternate switching, accurate realization is complicated arbitrary distribution heterostructure prepares fast.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heterostructure preparation, and particularly relates to a double-laser cold and hot composite processing method for a heterostructure.
Background
The heterostructure refers to a structure which has characteristics such as chemical component composition, microstructure and the like of a material and presents different distributions along different areas of the thickness or length direction of the material, so as to obtain heterogeneous characteristics in geometric space according to design requirements on physical, chemical, mechanical and other properties, meet the use requirements of a component in a complex service environment, and obtain wide application requirements in the fields of aerospace, biomedical, electronic appliances and the like. The traditional preparation method of the heterostructure material mainly comprises the technologies of powder metallurgy, plasma spraying, chemical vapor deposition self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method and the like, but the development and industrial application of the technology in the preparation field are limited due to the characteristics of relatively simple geometric shapes of production parts, low preparation efficiency, complex procedures and the like, and the requirements of the high-tech field and the new technical field on the heterostructure material are difficult to meet.
In recent years, the laser selective melting (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) technology has been widely studied in the field of multi-material preparation because of its customizable, layer-by-layer deposition, high-precision, complex component integrated rapid fabrication, etc. The patent discloses a device and a method for preparing a gradient material based on a laser selective melting technology, which are used for completing gradient mixing of double/multi-component powder through a double/multi-triangle powder storage device with a combined structure, and then preparing the gradient material with continuous proportion change through powder mixing, powder spreading and laser melting. The disclosed 'an aluminum-silicon gradient material and a laser selective melting forming method thereof' patent firstly smelts the prepared raw materials with different silicon contents to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy melts with different silicon contents; then preparing aluminum-silicon alloy powder with different silicon contents by adopting an air atomization process; finally, adopting a laser selective melting technology to prepare aluminum-silicon alloy powder with different silicon contents into aluminum-silicon gradient materials with designed shapes.
The current research work mainly focuses on the preparation of powder raw materials with different proportions and contents, the design optimization of a multi-component powder supply mode and the like, and the transition of component components in the material is improved to a certain extent. However, it is difficult to precisely control the distribution of component components in spatial positions by adopting a powder mixing method, and particularly, the preparation of complex heterostructures with component design requirements in both horizontal and vertical directions is difficult. Therefore, development of a complex heterostructure integrated fabrication method that can achieve precise control of material component distribution in three-dimensional space is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a heterostructure-oriented double-laser cold-hot composite processing method aiming at the defects in the prior art, a hot processing material-increasing process of a laser selective area melting optical system is adopted to realize melting printing of powder, a cold processing material-reducing process of an ultrafast laser optical system is adopted to realize accurate prefabrication of a printing area in the horizontal direction, material removal meeting design requirements is realized, the accurate distribution of heterogeneous material components in a three-dimensional space is met, the rapid preparation of a heterostructure with freely changed material components on a spatial micron scale can be realized by controlling the alternate switching of a laser cold-hot double-light path system, the heterostructure is flexibly and rapidly prepared according to the material component distribution condition of the heterostructure in the vertical direction, the wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, biomedical and the like is hopeful to realize the great improvement of the performance of a printing structure in functions and the structure, and the popularization and the application is convenient.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the double-laser cold-hot composite processing method for the heterostructure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, constructing a three-dimensional model of a heterostructure and layering and slicing the three-dimensional model of the heterostructure: constructing a three-dimensional model for the actual heterostructure by utilizing three-dimensional model software, and slicing the heterostructure three-dimensional model by utilizing slicing software to obtain basic data of a heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer;
the basic data of the heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer comprises a matrix outline shape, a matrix outline size, a heterogeneous material position, a heterogeneous material shape and a heterogeneous material size;
inputting basic data of the heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer into a processing system, wherein the processing system comprises a laser selective melting optical system for a hot processing material adding process and an ultrafast laser optical system for a cold processing material reducing process;
step three, double-laser cold-hot combined processing of heterostructures: according to the three-dimensional model slice layers of the heterostructure, double-laser cold-hot composite processing is sequentially carried out on each three-dimensional model slice layer of the heterostructure from bottom to top, switching of a cold-hot processing optical system can be selected according to material component distribution conditions of the heterostructure in the vertical direction, material distribution change in the vertical direction is achieved, double-laser cold-hot composite processing processes of the three-dimensional model slice layers of the heterostructure are identical, and solid heterostructures consistent with a target model are processed and stacked layer by layer;
the double-laser cold-hot composite processing process of each heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer is as follows:
step 301, spreading matrix powder and laser selective melting printing: carrying out zone melting printing on matrix powder which is discharged in a whole-layer manner according to the outline shape and size information of the matrix by adopting a hot working material adding process of a laser zone selection melting optical system;
step 302, precisely removing the material in the printing area of the matrix by adopting a cold working material reduction process of an ultrafast laser optical system according to the position, the shape and the size of each type of heterogeneous material;
the removal region corresponds to one or more heterogeneous material types;
and 303, paving various heterogeneous powder materials in the corresponding removal areas according to the heterogeneous material types, the heterogeneous material positions, the heterogeneous material shapes and the heterogeneous material sizes, and carrying out melting printing of the various heterogeneous powder materials by adopting a thermal processing material adding process of a laser selective melting optical system to finish preset printing of the heterogeneous powder materials with various components of the three-dimensional model slice layer of the heterogeneous structure.
The double-laser cold-hot composite processing method for the heterostructure is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in step 301, inert gas is introduced into the printing bin for protection, so that the printing process is ensured to be performed in a low-oxygen environment, wherein the inert gas comprises argon and helium;
in the hot working and material adding process of the laser selective melting optical system in the step 301, the laser power is 100W-1000W, the spot diameter is 30-150 μm, the laser scanning speed is 100 mm/s-2000 mm/s, and the laser scanning interval is 30-150 μm; wherein the thickness of the powder layer of the matrix powder is 20-100 mu m.
The double-laser cold-hot composite processing method for the heterostructure is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the cold working material reduction process of the ultrafast laser optical system in step 302, the laser power is 1W-100W, the feeding speed is 50 mm/min-200 mm/min, the laser output wavelength is 1030 nm-1570 nm, the pulse width is 200 fs-500 ps, the repetition frequency is picosecond or femtosecond pulse of 1 KHz-1 MHz, and the single-layer prefabricated thickness of the removed area is 0.01 mm-0.05 mm.
The double-laser cold-hot composite processing method for the heterostructure is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the grain diameter of the matrix powder is 15-53 mu m; the grain size of the heterogeneous material is 5-100 mu m; before double laser cold and hot combined processing, the matrix powder and the heterogeneous material are dried for 2-3 hours under the vacuum condition of 100-150 ℃ to remove the water adsorbed on the powder surface.
The invention has the advantages that the thermal processing material-increasing process of the laser selective melting optical system is adopted to realize the melting printing of powder, the cold processing material-reducing process of the ultrafast laser optical system is adopted to realize the accurate prefabrication of the material which meets the design requirement in the horizontal printing area, the accurate distribution of heterogeneous material components in the three-dimensional space is satisfied, the rapid preparation of the heterostructure with the material components arbitrarily changed on the spatial micron scale can be realized by controlling the alternate switching of the laser cold-hot dual-optical path system, the heterostructure can be flexibly and rapidly prepared according to the material component distribution condition of the heterostructure in the vertical direction, the defect that the component is uneven in the traditional powder mixing process is fundamentally solved, the material distribution of the heterostructure in the three-dimensional space can be accurately controlled according to the application requirement, and the integrated rapid preparation of the heterostructure with the material distribution change on the three-dimensional micron scale is realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the dual laser cold and hot composite processing method for heterostructures of the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a three-dimensional model of a heterostructure and layering and slicing the three-dimensional model of the heterostructure: constructing a three-dimensional model for the actual heterostructure by utilizing three-dimensional model software, and slicing the heterostructure three-dimensional model by utilizing slicing software to obtain basic data of a heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer;
the basic data of the heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer comprises a matrix outline shape, a matrix outline size, a heterogeneous material position, a heterogeneous material shape and a heterogeneous material size;
inputting basic data of the heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer into a processing system, wherein the processing system comprises a laser selective melting optical system for a hot processing material adding process and an ultrafast laser optical system for a cold processing material reducing process;
step three, double-laser cold-hot combined processing of heterostructures: according to the three-dimensional model slice layers of the heterostructure, double-laser cold-hot composite processing is sequentially carried out on each three-dimensional model slice layer of the heterostructure from bottom to top, switching of a cold-hot processing optical system can be selected according to material component distribution conditions of the heterostructure in the vertical direction, material distribution change in the vertical direction is achieved, double-laser cold-hot composite processing processes of the three-dimensional model slice layers of the heterostructure are identical, and solid heterostructures consistent with a target model are processed and stacked layer by layer;
the double-laser cold-hot composite processing process of each heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer is as follows:
step 301, spreading matrix powder and laser selective melting printing: carrying out zone melting printing on matrix powder which is discharged in a whole-layer manner according to the outline shape and size information of the matrix by adopting a hot working material adding process of a laser zone selection melting optical system;
step 302, precisely removing the material in the printing area of the matrix by adopting a cold working material reduction process of an ultrafast laser optical system according to the position, the shape and the size of each type of heterogeneous material;
the removal region corresponds to one or more heterogeneous material types;
and 303, paving various heterogeneous powder materials in the corresponding removal areas according to the heterogeneous material types, the heterogeneous material positions, the heterogeneous material shapes and the heterogeneous material sizes, and carrying out melting printing of the various heterogeneous powder materials by adopting a thermal processing material adding process of a laser selective melting optical system to finish preset printing of the heterogeneous powder materials with various components of the three-dimensional model slice layer of the heterogeneous structure.
Firstly, adopting a hot working material adding process of a laser selective melting optical system to realize melting printing of matrix powder; secondly, adopting a cold working material reduction process of an ultrafast laser optical system, and accurately prefabricating a removal area meeting the design requirements of heterogeneous material distribution in a printed area; then, accurately presetting one or more heterogeneous materials in a removed area according to distribution requirements, and finishing melting printing of the preset materials by adopting a hot working and material adding process of a laser selective melting optical system, so that two-dimensional heterostructure printing forming in the horizontal direction is realized; finally, by controlling the alternate switching of the laser cold and hot dual-light path system layer by layer, the rapid preparation of the complex heterostructure with randomly distributed material components on the three-dimensional space micron scale can be accurately realized.
In this embodiment, in step 301, inert gas is introduced into the print bin for protection, so as to ensure that the printing process is performed in a low-oxygen environment, where the inert gas includes argon and helium;
in the hot working and material adding process of the laser selective melting optical system in the step 301, the laser power is 100W-1000W, the spot diameter is 30-150 μm, the laser scanning speed is 100 mm/s-2000 mm/s, and the laser scanning interval is 30-150 μm; wherein the thickness of the powder layer of the matrix powder is 20-100 mu m.
In this embodiment, in the cold working material reduction process of the ultrafast laser optical system in step 302, the laser power is 1W-100W, the feeding speed is 50 mm/min-200 mm/min, the laser output wavelength is 1030 nm-1570 nm, the pulse width is 200 fs-500 ps, the repetition frequency is picosecond or femtosecond pulse of 1 KHz-1 MHz, and the single-layer prefabricated thickness of the removed area is 0.01 mm-0.05 mm.
In this example, the particle size of the matrix powder is 15 μm to 53 μm; the grain size of the heterogeneous material is 5-100 mu m; before double laser cold and hot combined processing, the matrix powder and the heterogeneous material are dried for 2-3 hours under the vacuum condition of 100-150 ℃ to remove the water adsorbed on the powder surface.
When the method is used, the thermal processing material-increasing process of the laser selective melting optical system is adopted to realize melting printing of powder, the cold processing material-reducing process of the ultrafast laser optical system is adopted to realize accurate prefabrication of materials meeting design requirements in a horizontal printing area, the accurate distribution of heterogeneous material components in a three-dimensional space is met, the heterostructure with freely changed material components in a space micron scale can be rapidly prepared by controlling the alternate switching of the laser cold-hot dual-optical path system, the heterostructure is flexibly and rapidly prepared according to the material component distribution condition of the heterostructure in a vertical direction, the defect that the component is uneven in the traditional powder mixing process is fundamentally solved, the material distribution of the heterostructure in the three-dimensional space can be accurately controlled according to application requirements, and the integrated rapid preparation of the heterostructure with the material distribution change in the three-dimensional space micron scale is realized.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modification, variation and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The double-laser cold-hot composite processing method for the heterostructure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, constructing a three-dimensional model of a heterostructure and layering and slicing the three-dimensional model of the heterostructure: constructing a three-dimensional model for the actual heterostructure by utilizing three-dimensional model software, and slicing the heterostructure three-dimensional model by utilizing slicing software to obtain basic data of a heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer;
the basic data of the heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer comprises a matrix outline shape, a matrix outline size, a heterogeneous material position, a heterogeneous material shape and a heterogeneous material size;
inputting basic data of the heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer into a processing system, wherein the processing system comprises a laser selective melting optical system for a hot processing material adding process and an ultrafast laser optical system for a cold processing material reducing process;
step three, double-laser cold-hot combined processing of heterostructures: carrying out double-laser cold-hot composite processing on each heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer in sequence from bottom to top according to the heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layers, selecting switching of a cold-hot processing optical system according to material component distribution conditions of the heterostructure in the vertical direction, and realizing material distribution change in the vertical direction, wherein the double-laser cold-hot composite processing processes of each heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer are the same, and processing and stacking the heterostructures into a solid heterostructure consistent with a target model layer by layer;
the double-laser cold-hot composite processing process of each heterostructure three-dimensional model slice layer is as follows:
step 301, spreading matrix powder and laser selective melting printing: carrying out zone melting printing on matrix powder which is discharged in a whole-layer manner according to the outline shape and size information of the matrix by adopting a hot working material adding process of a laser zone selection melting optical system;
step 302, precisely removing the material in the printing area of the matrix by adopting a cold working material reduction process of an ultrafast laser optical system according to the position, the shape and the size of each type of heterogeneous material;
the removal region corresponds to one or more heterogeneous material types;
and 303, paving various heterogeneous powder materials in the corresponding removal areas according to the heterogeneous material types, the heterogeneous material positions, the heterogeneous material shapes and the heterogeneous material sizes, and carrying out melting printing of the various heterogeneous powder materials by adopting a thermal processing material adding process of a laser selective melting optical system to finish preset printing of the heterogeneous powder materials with various components of the three-dimensional model slice layer of the heterogeneous structure.
2. The heterostructure-oriented double-laser cold-hot composite processing method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 301, inert gas is introduced into the printing bin for protection, so that the printing process is ensured to be performed in a low-oxygen environment, wherein the inert gas comprises argon and helium;
in the hot working and material adding process of the laser selective melting optical system in the step 301, the laser power is 100W-1000W, the spot diameter is 30-150 μm, the laser scanning speed is 100 mm/s-2000 mm/s, and the laser scanning interval is 30-150 μm; wherein the thickness of the powder layer of the matrix powder is 20-100 mu m.
3. The heterostructure-oriented double-laser cold-hot composite processing method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the cold working material reduction process of the ultrafast laser optical system in step 302, the laser power is 1W-100W, the feeding speed is 50 mm/min-200 mm/min, the laser output wavelength is 1030 nm-1570 nm, the pulse width is 200 fs-500 ps, the repetition frequency is picosecond or femtosecond pulse of 1 KHz-1 MHz, and the single-layer prefabricated thickness of the removed area is 0.01 mm-0.05 mm.
4. The heterostructure-oriented double-laser cold-hot composite processing method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the grain diameter of the matrix powder is 15-53 mu m; the grain size of the heterogeneous material is 5-100 mu m; before double laser cold and hot combined processing, the matrix powder and the heterogeneous material are dried for 2-3 hours under the vacuum condition of 100-150 ℃ to remove the water adsorbed on the powder surface.
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