CN104588650B - Functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder increases material manufacture method - Google Patents
Functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder increases material manufacture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder and increase material manufacture method, comprise the following steps: (1) designs the three dimensional structure of part；(2) determine paving powder craft parameter, and sinter or melting process parameter；(3) in different block form powder-storing machines, it is prestored into different powder stocks；(4) powder-supply system prepares the powder of respective components in real time；(5), when powder mouth in pawnshop completes the scanning currently spreading mill diagram footpath, the dusty material of current slicing layer to be processed is laid complete；(6) along corresponding scanning pattern, the powder of formation cylinder end face is scanned, the powder sintered or Melting And Solidification in scanned region；(7) computer reads and next layer of slicing parameter information, repeats step (3) to (6), it is thus achieved that complete 3 d part.Compared with prior art, the material component of every bit in the present invention can control part, it is achieved that there is the increasing material manufacture of the complex parts of 3 d function gradient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to increase material and manufacture field, especially relate to a kind of functionally gradient zero based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder
Part increases material manufacture method.
Background technology
The fast development of the technology such as modern water power, aerospace, electronics, ocean, biologic medical, carries the performance of part
The different parts having gone out higher requirement, such as part needs to present different characteristics, as mechanical property, high temperature resistant,
Corrosive nature, antioxygenic property, appearance property etc..General simple substance part is difficult to meet these conditions, traditional
Although composite material parts can comprehensively utilize the performance of homogenous material, but inside parts often also exists a large amount of base
Interface between body and reinforcing material not homophase, these interfaces are the regions that stress distribution is undergone mutation or stress is concentrated,
Overall performance for part has a negative impact, it addition, conventional composite materials is often difficult to make the three-dimensional of complexity
Part.
1984, Japanese state-run aerospace laboratory smoothed continually varying shell case sections tissue from stratiform and obtains
To inspiring, it is proposed that setting of FGM (Functionally Gradient Materials being called for short FGM)
Think.The material of this " component, structure and performance consecutive variations ", is used for the thermal protection of aerospace equipment the earliest.
The functionally gradient part that FGM is made, has a wide range of applications.As bioengineered tissue is applied
Support, need coupling by the mechanical property of alternate sites, as a example by bone substitutes, support is by inside to external demand respectively
Coupling Compact bone, spongy bone, the mechanical property of cortical bone.For another example the compressor blade dish used in airspace engine,
Requiring higher temperature-room type plasticity, intensity and low cycle fatigue property at dish edge and hub, dish edge then to have high high temperature
Fracture toughness and creep resistance.Above part not only has the three dimensional structure of complexity, and inside parts also has complexity
Functionally gradient, this proposes new requirement for process technology.
Increasing material manufacturing technology is to use the technology of material progressively accumulation forming 3 d part, removes with traditional material
Processing method is compared, and has saving material, and process velocity is fast, and motility is high, and machinable degree of structuration complexity is high
Etc. advantage.
In numerous increasing material manufacturing technologies, selective laser sintering (Selective Laser Sintering is called for short SLS)
It is widely used at present with selective laser melting technology (Selective Laser Melting is called for short SLM)
Increase material manufacture method.Compare other and increase material manufacturing technology, selective laser sintering and selective laser melting technology tool
Have that machinable material ranges is wide, need not additional designs supporting construction, stock utilization advantages of higher.Both
The ultimate principle of technology is: first cut into slices the three-dimensional CAD model of part, it is thus achieved that cutting of each layer of section
Surface information.Power spreading device spreads one layer of powder in formation cylinder, uses laser optionally to sweep on this layer of powder
Retouch so that the powder bonding of scanning area or fusing, obtain the monolayer shape of part；Then the piston bottom formation cylinder
Declining a height, power spreading device re-lays one layer of powder on preceding layer powder, and laser is then cut into slices according to next layer
Cross section information powder is carried out selective scanning；The most successively add up, the final part obtaining three-dimensional.In recent years
Also occur in that employing electron beam replaces laser, as the Selected area electron bundle smelting technology (Electron of energy input
Beam Melting, is called for short EBM), but its ultimate principle is identical.
Utilize traditional SLS (SLM, EBM) technology, baroque 3 d part can be processed, but
It is to be difficult to the functionally gradient that inside parts is complicated.The most conventional method, is by changing laser (electricity continuously
Son bundle) machined parameters, obtain the performance continually varying FGM such as voidage, microstructure.
Functionally gradient is realized for the method by changing material component, also has groups of people to propose some improvement sides
Case, but all exist clearly disadvantageous.Invent a kind of 3D such as China Patent Publication No. CN103480845A to print
Method and powder feeding brush mechanism thereof, powder feeding brush mechanism includes funneling cylinder body, and the meal outlet of funneling cylinder body is elongated,
The both sides of meal outlet are respectively symmetrically arranged with one piece of elastic scraper driven and can move up and down by motor；Funneling
The meal outlet of cylinder body is provided with a valve being controlled its switch by motor；With three-dimensional software design elements model,
The part of unlike material is identified；Then slicing delamination processes；In powder cylinder and funneling cylinder body each
Prestore a kind of required powder；Control system, according to the profile information of section, controls powder feeding brush mechanism to formation cylinder
Thering is provided powder, laser fusion sintered powder, so complete one layer of processing, the 3D that can realize composite material parts beats
Printing is made.But the powder sort that this invention can be laid is limited, in view of funnel by compartment number in funnel cylinder
The volume of cylinder can not be too big, thus available powder sort is inevitable less.And the powdery components in a slicing layer is
Fix.Even if in a slicing layer, carry out in monolayer by the way of the different meal outlet valve of switch is heterogeneous
Paving powder, different powder also in parallel zonal distribution, and can only have obvious interface, nothing between different powdery components
Method realizes accurately controlling and consecutive variations of inside parts optional position material component.Similar also has China specially
The power spreading device of profit publication number CN103978211A invention.It addition, China Patent Publication No. CN103480843A
Invent the 3D Method of printing of a kind of composite material parts based on triplex forming machine, comprised the steps: with three
Dimension software design part model；On the basis of threedimensional model, the part of unlike material is identified, same material
The part of matter, uses same mark, and the part of unlike material uses different marks；Then threedimensional model is carried out
Slicing delamination processes；Prestore in the powder cylinder of 3D printer required a kind of dusty material respectively, controls 3D
The profile information that the system of printer is cut into slices according to threedimensional model, and control two powder feeding cylinders to formation cylinder for powder, swash
Light fusing sintered powder, so completes one layer of processing；Control formation cylinder and decline a thickness, repeat to spread the step of powder,
Layer amasss with layer stack, and the 3D being once done directly composite prints manufacture.But this invention can only use and to prestore
Two kinds of powder, kind is less, and the proportioning of two kinds of powder that prestore is immutable, can only use same in same slicing layer
Plant powder, it is impossible to realize accurately controlling and consecutive variations of inside parts optional position material component.It addition, it is practical
New patent Authorization Notice No. CN201109649Y has invented a kind of metal powder shaped for precinct laser fusion
End power spreading device.It, by the form let slip a remark, utilizes screw rod and the matched in clearance of lower end of leting slip a remark, it is achieved powder falling.But
Be the powder of the method be to be pre-stored in the cavity let slip a remark, therefore powder stock proportioning is immutable.When powder stock kind
Time more, needing preset a lot of leting slip a remark, structure is sufficiently complex, and cannot realize the consecutive variations of powdery components.
Summary of the invention
Defect that the purpose of the present invention is contemplated to overcome above-mentioned prior art to exist and provide a kind of different based on three-dimensional
The functionally gradient part of matter paving powder increases material manufacture method, it is adaptable to quickly manufacture the gradient of structure and its inside function all
Sufficiently complex part.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder increases material manufacture method, it is characterised in that include following
Step:
(1) three dimensional structure of part is designed, the requirement being distributed according to part three dimensional structure and internal material, right
Part carries out hierarchy slicing, obtain each layer section thickness and cross sectional shape, then each layer of section is carried out a little from
Dissipate and process, and record the material component information of the interior every bit of section；
(2) determine paving powder craft parameter, and sinter or melting process parameter；
(3) independent of in the powder-supply system outside working chamber, it is prestored into not in different block form powder-storing machines
Same powder stock；
(4) described powder-supply system is according to for powder time-scale, controls the aperture of powder valve, prepares respective components in real time
Powder, sent into by powder delivery device in the feed bin in working chamber, the powder sent here is delayed by described feed bin
Punching houses and sequentially stacks；
(5) when the powder buffer memory in feed bin reaches setting value, formation cylinder piston declines to be cut with the most to be processed
The height that lamellar spacing is corresponding, feed bin and paving powder mouth below are under the drive of guide rail, along spreading mill diagram accordingly
Footpath carries out point by point scanning to formation cylinder end face, the powder stacked sequentially is spread in formation cylinder in feed bin, pawnshop powder mouth
When completing the scanning currently spreading mill diagram footpath, the dusty material of current slicing layer to be processed is laid complete；
(6) light source is under the driving of galvanometer system, according to the sintering corresponding with current slice layer or melting characteristic parameter,
Being scanned the powder of formation cylinder end face along corresponding scanning pattern, the powder sintered or fusing in scanned region is solidifying
Gu, so far complete the processing of one layer of section；
(7) computer reads thickness, paving powder craft parameter, sintering or the smelter corresponding with next layer of section
Skill parameter information, repeats step (3) to (6), until after completing the processing of all sections, by successively stacking,
Obtain complete 3 d part.
Described powder-supply system includes the powder-storing machine of at least 2, and powder valve, the powder equal with powder-storing machine quantity mix
Clutch, powder feeder and powder conveying device, according to for powder time-scale, powder-supply system controls each powder valve in real time
Aperture, to realize real-time change and the control of powder mixture ratio, powder is quickly mixed and fed into powder feeding by powder blenders
Device, mixed powder is sent into powder conveying device by powder feeder.
The powder stock that each powder-storing machine storage component is different.
Described feed bin receives the dusty material from powder conveying device, sequentially stacks, resupply after buffering
Paving powder mouth.
Described feed bin is provided with lets out powder mouth, by the excessive powder in feed bin through letting out powder mouth venting by the way of suction.
Described sintering or melt-processed carry out in canister.
Add and processing environment is carried out inert gas shielding and powder is preheated man-hour.
Described light source is laser or electron beam.
Described paving powder craft parameter includes when the supplying powder of paving mill diagram footpath, paving powder speed and powder-supply system spreading powder mouth
Sequence table, described sintering or melting process parameter include light source power, sweep span, scanning speed and scanning pattern.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the advantages that
1) by the control of computer so that powder valve, powder feeder, guide rail, paving powder mouth collaborative work, foundation
Each slicing layer in part is supplied powder time-scale, regulates the proportioning of powder in real time, it is possible to achieve in single slicing layer
Powdery components accurately control and can continually varying feature；Accumulated by the longitudinal direction of all slicing layers, it is achieved zero
Three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder within part, thus realize the functionally gradient that inside parts is complicated, substantially increase the merit of part
Can gradient complexity in three dimensions.
2) in being, due to powder, the working chamber being entered canister protection by outside powder-supply system, so
Eliminate for powder cylinder or the space of material-falling hopper.Making the structure in canister compacter, reduction is processed into
This.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system layout schematic diagram for realizing the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing shaping cylinder chamber；
Fig. 3 is the internal composition change schematic diagram of functionally gradient part.
Wherein 1. powder feeder, 2. blender, 3. powder valve, 4. block form powder-storing machine, 5. formation cylinder piston, 6. do not burn
Knot powder, the most sintered powder, 8. paving powder mouth, 9. feed bin, 10. guide rail, 11. powder delivery devices, 12. environment controls
Case processed, 13. galvanometer systems, 14. LASER Light Sources, 15. protective glasses, 16. let out powder mouth.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
Powder valve can use the electromagnetic valve that aperture is controlled.Blender can use cone and screw mixer.Powder feeding side
Formula can be based on the continuous-flow conveyor of powder body mechanics design, it is also possible to is based on the design of granule fluid mechanics
Airslide conveyor.If selection continuous-flow conveyor, then powder delivery device is the closed chute feeder guiding powder,
If selection airslide conveyor, then powder delivery device is then powder conduit.Porous barrier (example is installed in feed bin
As used ceramic porous panel material), powder is separated with gas, gas is got rid of by the steam vent on feed bin top,
Powder is then settled down to bin bottom.Paving powder mouth can use screw extrusion type or gear extruded type.LASER Light Source is
Carbon dioxide laser (is suitable for sintered polymer), it is also possible to be optical-fiber laser (being suitable for sintering metal).As
Use electron beam as sintering (fusing) energy, then galvanometer system changes Electron Beam Focusing into and guides system.
As in figure 2 it is shown, be a kind of simple and clear functionally gradient part schematic diagram, its a length of L, a width of W, a height of H,
Material is made up of powder 1, powder 2, powder 3, and its Changing Pattern can represent with the coordinate position of each point in part
For:
Component 1 (%)=80+10y/L
Component 2 (%)=(20-10y/L) × [0.5+0.125 (x/W+z/H)]
Component 3 (%)=(20-10y/L) × [0.5-0.125 (x/W+z/H)]
Wherein, x ∈ [0, W], y ∈ [0, L], z ∈ [0, H]
First, utilize CAD 3D design software to design the three dimensional structure of part, and give three according to above-mentioned formula
Every bit marking material component information in dimension part.Then 3 d part is cut into slices, cut obtaining each layer
While plate shape, the material component information of the interior every bit that obtains cutting into slices.By algorithm, determine the paving powder of paving powder mouth
Path, paving powder speed, powder-supply system for the paving powder craft parameter such as powder time-scale, calculate laser sweep span,
Sintering (fusing) technological parameter such as scanning pattern, laser power.
In No. 1 storage powder cylinder, it is stored in pure powder 1, in No. 2 storage powder cylinders, is stored in pure powder 2, stores up powder cylinder at No. 3
Inside it is stored in pure powder 3.
Formation cylinder piston declines thickness h, and paving powder mouth moves to formation cylinder under the drive of guide rail, is ready for
Paving powder.Meanwhile, powder-supply system for powder time-scale, supplies powder to feed bin according to corresponding with current layer.When having in feed bin
Enough during powder caching, start to spread powder.
When powder-supply system supplies powder at the point for coordinate (0,0,0), No. 1 powder valve corresponding with No. 1 storage powder cylinder
Aperture be 80%, be 10% with No. 2 storage No. 2 powder valve apertures corresponding to powder cylinder, corresponding with No. 3 storage powder cylinders
No. 3 powder valve apertures be 10%.Spreading powder mouth along x-axis during (0,0,0) some paving powder is put to (L, 0,0), 1
Number powder valve keeps the aperture of 80%, and the aperture of No. 2 powder valve is linearly increasing to 12.5% by 10%, No. 3 powder powder
The aperture of end valve is reduced to 7.5% by 10%.Powder sequentially stacks in feed bin, then is sent into formation cylinder by paving powder mouth
Lay.
According to above-mentioned principle, paving powder mouth completes the paving powder work of current slicing layer to be processed, under the drive of guide rail,
Return to original position.
Laser, under the driving of galvanometer system, uses corresponding sintering (fusing) technological parameter, along corresponding scanning
Powder in formation cylinder is scanned by path, is scanned partially sintering (Melting And Solidification).So far ground floor is completed
Sintering (fusing) processing of section.
Computer obtains joins with next layer of corresponding thickness of section, paving powder craft parameter, sintering (fusing) technique
The information such as number, still carry out paving powder and selective sintering (fusing) shaping of next slicing layer according to said process.
By circulation above-mentioned steps, successively add up, until completing the forming process of 3 d part.
The working chamber at forming process place, if it is desired, the function of evacuation and inert gas shielding can be carried out.
Powder in formation cylinder, if it is desired, can preheat.
If desired for substrate, then can installation base plate on formation cylinder piston.
Powder in feed bin and paving powder mouth, can be discharged by letting out powder mouth, makes mistakes or other events for powder with reply
When barrier causes processing to be interrupted, reset the powder caching in feed bin.
Embodiments of the present invention are also not restricted to the described embodiments, and other any spirit without departing from the present invention are real
The change made under matter and principle, modify, substitute, combine, simplify, all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, all wrap
Containing within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder increases material manufacture method, it is characterised in that include
Following steps:
(1) three dimensional structure of part is designed, the requirement being distributed according to part three dimensional structure and internal material, right
Part carries out hierarchy slicing, obtain each layer section thickness and cross sectional shape, then each layer of section is carried out a little from
Dissipate and process, and record the material component information of the interior every bit of section；
(2) determine paving powder craft parameter, and sinter or melting process parameter；
(3) independent of in the powder-supply system outside working chamber, it is prestored into not in different block form powder-storing machines
Same powder stock；
(4) described powder-supply system is according to for powder time-scale, controls the aperture of powder valve, prepares respective components in real time
Powder, sent into by powder delivery device in the feed bin in working chamber, the powder sent here is delayed by described feed bin
Punching houses and sequentially stacks；
(5) when the powder buffer memory in feed bin reaches setting value, formation cylinder piston declines to be cut with the most to be processed
The height that lamellar spacing is corresponding, feed bin and paving powder mouth below are under the drive of guide rail, along spreading mill diagram accordingly
Footpath carries out point by point scanning to formation cylinder end face, the powder stacked sequentially is spread in formation cylinder in feed bin, pawnshop powder mouth
When completing the scanning currently spreading mill diagram footpath, the dusty material of current slicing layer to be processed is laid complete；
(6) light source is under the driving of galvanometer system, according to the sintering corresponding with current slice layer or melting characteristic parameter,
Being scanned the powder of formation cylinder end face along corresponding scanning pattern, the powder sintered or fusing in scanned region is solidifying
Gu, so far complete the processing of one layer of section；
(7) computer reads thickness, paving powder craft parameter, sintering or the smelter corresponding with next layer of section
Skill parameter information, repeats step (3) to (6), until after completing the processing of all sections, by successively stacking,
Obtain complete 3 d part；
The powder stock that each powder-storing machine storage component is different.
A kind of functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder the most according to claim 1 increases material manufacturer
Method, it is characterised in that described powder-supply system includes the powder-storing machine of at least 2, the powder equal with powder-storing machine quantity
End valve, powder blenders, powder feeder and powder conveying device, according to for powder time-scale, powder-supply system controls in real time
The aperture of each powder valve, to realize real-time change and the control of powder mixture ratio, powder is quickly mixed by powder blenders
Merging and send into powder feeder, mixed powder is sent into powder conveying device by powder feeder.
A kind of functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder the most according to claim 1 and 2 increases material system
Make method, it is characterised in that described feed bin receives the dusty material from powder conveying device, after buffering
Sequentially stack, resupply paving powder mouth.
A kind of functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder the most according to claim 3 increases material manufacturer
Method, it is characterised in that described feed bin is provided with lets out powder mouth, by the excessive powder in feed bin by the way of suction
Through letting out powder mouth venting.
A kind of functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder the most according to claim 1 increases material manufacturer
Method, it is characterised in that described sintering or melt-processed carry out in canister.
A kind of functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder increases material system
Make method, it is characterised in that add and processing environment is carried out inert gas shielding and powder is preheated man-hour.
A kind of functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder the most according to claim 1 increases material manufacturer
Method, it is characterised in that described light source is laser or electron beam.
A kind of functionally gradient part based on three-dimensional heterogeneous paving powder the most according to claim 1 increases material manufacturer
Method, it is characterised in that described paving powder craft parameter includes spreading the paving mill diagram footpath of powder mouth, paving powder speed and supplying powder
The confession powder time-scale of system, described sintering or melting process parameter include light source power, sweep span, scanning speed
Degree and scanning pattern.
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