CN115227587A - 一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法及其应用，制备方法包括以下制备步骤：步骤一、将吐温和磷脂混合，加热至50～60℃，搅拌至混合均匀，得复合乳化剂；步骤二、将复合乳化剂和丙二醇混合，加热至50～60℃，搅拌至充分混合均匀，得复合乳化稳定剂；步骤三、将复合乳化稳定剂和虾青素含量为10％的虾青素油混合，加热至50～60℃，搅拌至充分混合均匀，降至常温，高压均质，得亲水性虾青素乳化分散油。本发明具有亲水性强、稳定性高、应用广泛的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种虾青素乳化分散油，特别是一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
从雨生红球藻中获得的天然虾青素，是一种橙红色酮式类胡萝卜素，天然虾青素能抑制食品的脂质氧化，有效地清除体内的自由基，具有提升机体的免疫力等多方面的生物活性。因此，从雨生红球藻中提取的虾青素，在食品、化妆护肤品等领域中有广泛的应用前景。
但是天然虾青素为脂溶性物质，在水溶性体系中溶解性极差，其应用形态仅局限于胶囊、粉剂。另外，由于虾青素为长链不饱和共轭双键结构体系，因此性质不稳定，易于异构化和降解。虾青素对氧气、太阳光和紫外线照射、温度均敏感，加热处理、碱性等条件都会引起虾青素的异构化，这些方面极大地限制了虾青素的广泛应用。而目前，为了增强虾青素的稳定性，增加虾青素的储存时间，一般是把虾青素制得乳液。但是乳液中油相采用的是虾青素含量比较低的虾青素油，通常仅为5％以下，而对于虾青素含量在5％以上的高浓度的虾青素油(目前市面上提取到的虾青素油中，高含量的虾青素油为10％)，仍然无法很好地控制其稳定性，而且在制备成乳液过程中，会添加其他的油相、乙醇等助剂，影响成品的纯度，使其应用领域受限，并无法制得具有高浓度的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油，应用在各个领域。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法及其应用。本发明具有亲水性强、稳定性高、应用广泛的特点。
本发明的技术方案：一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，包括以下制备步骤：
步骤一、将吐温和磷脂混合，加热至50～60℃，搅拌至混合均匀，得复合乳化剂；
步骤二、将复合乳化剂和丙二醇混合，加热至50～60℃，搅拌至充分混合均匀，得复合乳化稳定剂；
步骤三、将复合乳化稳定剂和虾青素含量为10％的虾青素油混合，加热至50～60℃，搅拌至充分混合均匀，降至常温，通过高压均质机超细化均质至纳米级，得亲水性虾青素乳化分散油。
前述的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法中，步骤一的搅拌时间为5～10min，步骤二的搅拌时间为2～5min，步骤三的搅拌时间为1～2min，高压超细化均质一次。
前述的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法中，所述步骤一中，吐温和磷脂的质量比为3:1～6:1。
前述的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法中，所述步骤二中，复合乳化剂和丙二醇的质量比为5:1～9:1。
前述的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法中，所述步骤三中，复合乳化稳定剂与虾青素油的质量比为3:1～9:1。
前述的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法中，所述吐温采用吐温系列的乳化剂，所述磷脂采用磷脂酰胆碱或胆碱磷脂的含量在25～50％的磷脂，所述丙二醇的纯度在99％以上。
前述的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法中，所述吐温采用吐温80、吐温60、吐温40或者吐温20；所述磷脂采用大豆磷脂或者卵磷脂。
前述的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法中，所述步骤三中的高压均质的压力为15/65MPpa～30/150MPa。
还包括上述的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的应用，所述亲水性虾青素乳化分散油在制备化妆品上的应用，所述化妆品包括乳液。
还包括亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的应用，所述亲水性虾青素乳化分散油在制备食品上的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
本发明采用具有亲水和亲油两性的吐温和磷脂所组成的复合乳化剂，吐温是亲水性大于亲油性，磷脂是亲水性小于亲油性，经过一定配比，得到的复合乳化剂的HLB(亲水亲油平衡值)达到13.5-15的稳定体系，一侧为亲水基团，另一侧为亲油基团；其中的亲油基团作用于虾青素油，亲水基团作用于丙二醇，在两相表面排列，在虾青素油微粒表面形成稳定的保护界面活性，对虾青素油的稳定性和虾青素油的降解形成了很好的保护。
加入的丙二醇，能够提高复合乳化稳定剂的流动性，降低油的粘稠度低，减少沉淀物。
制成的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油，不仅含有的虾青素含量高，而且能够保证高浓度的虾青素油在室温下，存放二年不降解，不发生沉淀、分层、变色情况，对比原料的虾青素油和低浓度的虾青素油的稳定性有很大的增强和提高，还具有高亲水性，作为功能性配料，可根据需要与亲水性基质材料任意混合，溶入其中，拓宽了虾青素的应用领域和范围，如在食品，包括饮料、冰淇淋、果酱等，化妆品、护肤品中等领域中使用，充分发挥虾青素的抗氧化、清除自由基的功能。
整个制备工艺简单、易行、生物环保，每个步骤所需时间少，可连续生产，工作效率高。
附图说明
图1是实施例2的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的稳定性图；
图2是实施例1的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的粒径图；
图3是实施例2的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的粒径图；
图4是实施例3的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的粒径图；
图5是实施例4的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的粒径图；
图6是实施例5的虾青素乳液的粒径图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但并不作为对本发明限制的依据。
一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，包括以下制备步骤：
步骤一、将吐温和磷脂按照质量比为3:1～6:1混合，水浴加热至50～60℃，磁力搅拌5～10min至充分混合均匀，得复合乳化剂；所述吐温采用吐温系列的乳化剂，所述磷脂采用磷脂酰胆碱或胆碱磷脂的含量在25～50％的磷脂；
步骤二、将复合乳化剂和丙二醇按照质量比为5:1～9:1混合，水浴加热至50～60℃，磁力搅拌2～5min至充分混合均匀，得复合乳化稳定剂；所述丙二醇的纯度在99％以上；
步骤三、将复合乳化稳定剂和虾青素含量为10％的虾青素油按照质量比为3:1～9:1混合，水浴加热至40～60℃，磁力搅拌1～2min至充分混合均匀，降至常温，高压超细化均质一次至颗粒为400nm以下，均质的压力为15/65MPpa～30/150MPa，得亲水性虾青素乳化分散油。所述虾青素油从雨生红球藻中提取得到。
实施例1：
一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，包括以下制备步骤：
步骤一、将吐温60和磷脂Pc25按照质量比为5:1混合，水浴加热至50℃，磁力搅拌8min至充分溶解、混合均匀，得复合乳化剂；
步骤二、将复合乳化剂和丙二醇按照质量比为6:1混合，水浴加热至50℃，磁力搅拌3min至充分混合均匀，得复合乳化稳定剂；所述丙二醇的纯度在99％以上；
步骤三、将复合乳化稳定剂和虾青素含量为10％的虾青素油按照质量比为7.3:1混合，水浴加热至45℃，磁力搅拌1min至充分混合均匀，降至常温，高压超细化均质一次，高压均质的压力为15/75MPa，得亲水性虾青素乳化分散油。
亲水性虾青素乳化分散油中含有的虾青素油的含量为12％。
实施例2：
一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，包括以下制备步骤：
步骤一、将吐温80和磷脂Pc35按照质量比为3.6:1混合，水浴加热至50℃，磁力搅拌8min至充分溶解、混合均匀，得复合乳化剂；
步骤二、将复合乳化剂和丙二醇按照质量比为5.3:1混合，水浴加热至50℃，磁力搅拌3min至充分混合均匀，得复合乳化稳定剂；所述丙二醇的纯度在99％以上；
步骤三、将复合乳化稳定剂和虾青素含量为10％的虾青素油按照质量比为5.25:1混合，水浴加热至45℃，磁力搅拌1min至充分混合均匀，降至常温，高压超细化均质一次，高压均质的压力为20/100MPa，得亲水性虾青素乳化分散油。
亲水性虾青素乳化分散油中的含有的虾青素油的含量为16％。
实施例3：
一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，包括以下制备步骤：
步骤一、将吐温40和磷脂Pc25按照质量比为4.7:1混合，水浴加热至50℃，磁力搅拌8min至充分溶解、混合均匀，得复合乳化剂；
步骤二、将复合乳化剂和丙二醇按照质量比为6.8:1混合，水浴加热至50℃，磁力搅拌3min至充分混合均匀，得复合乳化稳定剂；所述丙二醇的纯度在99％以上；
步骤三、将复合乳化稳定剂和虾青素含量为10％的虾青素油按照质量比为3.5:1混合，水浴加热至45℃，磁力搅拌1min至充分混合均匀，降至常温，高压超细化均质一次，高压均质的压力为25/120MPa，得亲水性虾青素乳化分散油。
亲水性虾青素乳化分散油中含有的虾青素油的含量为22％。
实施例4：
一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，包括以下制备步骤：
步骤一、将吐温20和磷脂Pc45按照质量比为5.7:1混合，水浴加热至50℃，磁力搅拌8min至充分溶解、混合均匀，得复合乳化剂；
步骤二、将复合乳化剂和丙二醇按照质量比为8.4:1混合，水浴加热至50℃，磁力搅拌3min至充分混合均匀，得复合乳化稳定剂；所述丙二醇的纯度在99％以上；
步骤三、将复合乳化稳定剂和虾青素含量为10％的虾青素油按照质量比为3:1混合，水浴加热至45℃，磁力搅拌1min至充分混合均匀，降至常温，高压超细化均质一次，高压均质的压力为25/145MPa，得亲水性虾青素乳化分散油。
亲水性虾青素乳化分散油中含有的虾青素油的含量为25％。
实施例5：
本方案还包括虾青素油在护肤品中的应用。
一种虾青素乳液的制备方法：
将实施例2制得的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油与去离子水按照质量体积比为0.4g：100ml混合，常温下磁力搅拌至充分混合均匀，并以均质机在10/30MPa的压力下高压均质，得到稳定、澄清、透明的水溶型虾青素纳米乳液。该水溶型虾青素纳米乳液能够全部过500目筛，能够在常温下2年内不分层、降解和变质。
实施例6：
一种虾青素护肤霜膏的制备方法：
在40℃下，将实施例1制得的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油按照质量体积比为1～1.2g亲水性虾青素乳化分散油：100mL护肤霜膏的比例，加入到护肤霜中，具体是护肤霜膏最后的制备工艺中，常温磁力搅拌混合均匀，制成具有虾青素强抗氧、防晒功能的护肤霜膏。
实施例7：
本方案还包括虾青素油在食品中的应用。
一种虾青素饮料的制备方法：
将实施例3制得的亲水性虾看素乳化分散油按照质量体积比为0.6～0.8g：100mL的比例，加入到含乳蛋质为1.5％的火龙果汁乳饮料中，均质后得到均匀、稳定，具有清除自由基和抗氧化功能的火龙果汁乳饮料。
实施例8：
一种虾青素果蔬酱的制备方法：
将实施例4制得的亲水性虾看素乳化分散油按照质量体积比为1～2g：100mL的比例，加入到果蔬酱中，磁力搅拌，混合均匀，制成含虾青素抗氧化功能，稳定性更好的美味的果蔬酱。果蔬酱可以为西红柿酱、火龙果酱等。
性能检测：
一、亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的稳定性测试：
将从雨生红球藻中提取的虾青素提取的原始虾青素油作为对比例，将上述实施例2所制备的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油作为实验例，在60℃进行稳定性测试。图1是对比例和实验例在60℃保存不同时间后虾青素浓度变化图。
由图1可知，原始虾青素油的稳定性比较差，在60℃下，3个月后，有效的虾青素成分几乎氧化分解完，而亲水性虾青素乳化分散油仍能基本保持原本的含量，稳定性高。
二、实施例1-5的粒径测试；
采用马尔文粒径仪对实施例的产品进行粒径测试，测试结果见图2-6所示。
实施例1的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的平均粒径为161.1nm；
实施例2的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的平均粒径为136.8nm；
实施例3的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的平均粒径为338nm；
实施例4的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的平均粒径为287nm；
实施例5的虾青素乳液的平均粒径为217.7nm。
三、虾青素乳液的透明度测试：
采用透明度测定仪测定虾青素乳液的透明度：
试样制备:先将虾青素乳液作为被测试样用100目的铜滤网过滤，然后放置在一个50mL的烧杯中。取一个仪器自备的盛放被测试样的器皿，用与被测试样相应的溶剂将器皿内外清洗干净，然后用仪器自备的镜头纸将器皿外部擦拭干净，内部甩干，将制备好的被测试样仔细倒入清洗干净的器皿。液面高度不低于器皿的4/5，保证两透明面没有任何污痕，以备检测。
检测方法：仪器水平放置，先打开电源使仪器进行预热。盖好仪器上部测量口上盖，仔细调整校准仪器，使其显示值为100％。打开测量口上盖，***制备好的器皿，盖上上盖，读取此时的显示百分数，即为被测试样的透明度。
检测结果：虾青素乳液的透明度为99.6-99.8％。几乎等同于纯净水的透明度。
Claims (10)
1.一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下制备步骤：
步骤一、将吐温和磷脂混合，加热至50～60℃，搅拌至混合均匀，得复合乳化剂；
步骤二、将复合乳化剂和丙二醇混合，加热至50～60℃，搅拌至充分混合均匀，得复合乳化稳定剂；
步骤三、将复合乳化稳定剂和虾青素含量为10％的虾青素油混合，加热至50～60℃，搅拌至充分混合均匀，降至常温，通过高压均质机超细化均质，得亲水性虾青素乳化分散油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤一的搅拌时间为5～10min，步骤二的搅拌时间为2～5min，步骤三的搅拌时间为1～2min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一中，吐温和磷脂的质量比为3:1～6:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中，复合乳化剂和丙二醇的质量比为5:1～9:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三中，复合乳化稳定剂与虾青素油的质量比为3:1～9:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，其特征在于：所述吐温采用吐温系列的乳化剂，所述磷脂采用磷脂酰胆碱或胆碱磷脂的含量在25～50％的磷脂，所述丙二醇的纯度在99％以上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，其特征在于：所述吐温采用吐温80、吐温60、吐温40或者吐温20；所述磷脂采用大豆磷脂或者卵磷脂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三中的高压均质的压力为15/65MPpa～30/150MPa。
9.根据权利要求1～8任意一项权利要求所述的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的应用，其特征在于：所述亲水性虾青素乳化分散油在制备化妆品上的应用，所述化妆品包括乳液。
10.根据权利要求1～8任意一项权利要求所述的亲水性虾青素乳化分散油的应用，其特征在于：所述亲水性虾青素乳化分散油在制备食品上的应用。
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