CN115213632B - 用于注塑装饰性物品的方法 - Google Patents

用于注塑装饰性物品的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115213632B
CN115213632B CN202210411211.9A CN202210411211A CN115213632B CN 115213632 B CN115213632 B CN 115213632B CN 202210411211 A CN202210411211 A CN 202210411211A CN 115213632 B CN115213632 B CN 115213632B
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cavity
injection
ornament
green body
article
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CN115213632A (zh
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P·肖帕尔-拉利耶
J·莫罗
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Comadur SA
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Comadur SA
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    • B28B7/0064—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces
    • B28B7/0076—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces with surfaces for moulding letters or marks
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    • G04B45/00—Time pieces of which the indicating means or cases provoke special effects, e.g. aesthetic effects
    • G04B45/0076—Decoration of the case and of parts thereof, e.g. as a method of manufacture thereof
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    • C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
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    • B23P15/007—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass injection moulding tools
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过激光烧蚀或微铣削在注塑模具(3)的模腔(4)上机加工凸起结构和/或凹陷结构(5)的机加工方法。本发明还涉及一种使用所述注塑模具(3)通过注塑制造由陶瓷或金属陶瓷制成的物品的制造方法，以便生产在注塑期间被直接装饰的物品，尤其是表圈。

Description

用于注塑装饰性物品的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在注塑模具上机加工凸起结构和/或凹陷结构的方法，以及涉及通过在所述模具内注入陶瓷材料或金属陶瓷获得的装饰性物品的制造方法。本发明还涉及该物品，更具体地涉及利用所述制造方法生产的表构件(例如表圈)以及通过所述机加工方法获得的模具。
背景技术
陶瓷或金属陶瓷表构件通过注塑方法获得，该方法包括对注塑后获得的生坯进行烧结的步骤。这些构件通常具有装饰物，例如用于表圈的刻度和数字，这些装饰物是在注塑方法之后机加工而成的。这些装饰物具有非常精细的特征，因此需要极高的精度以获得高质量的雕刻。通常，装饰物是通过激光烧蚀制成的，雕刻时间可能超过一小时。因此，这种注塑后的装饰步骤产生额外的制造成本和时间。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，通过提出一种新的制造方法来克服上述缺点，其中在注塑的同时形成装饰物，从而避免注塑后的雕刻步骤。
为此，本发明涉及一种制造物品的方法，该方法包括将材料注入模具中的步骤，该模具包括具有凸起结构和/或凹陷结构的模腔，该凸起结构和/或凹陷结构是待制造的物品的装饰物的负像。根据本发明，模腔上的凸起结构和/或凹陷结构通过激光雕刻或微铣削产生。待生产的结构非常精细，其中至少一个尺寸小于或等于1.5mm，优选小于或等于1mm，更优选小于或等于0.5mm。
因此，本发明涉及用于机加工模具的模腔的方法和用于制造物品的方法，该用于制造物品的方法涉及提供根据该机加工方法获得的模具的步骤。
更具体地，本发明涉及通过激光烧蚀或微铣削在注塑模具的模腔上机加工凸起结构和/或凹陷结构的机加工方法，所述凸起结构和/或凹陷结构由一个元件或多个分开的元件形成，其中至少一个元件具有小于或等于1.5mm的至少一个尺寸，所述尺寸选自各凸起或凹陷的元件的最小高度或深度，以及在横向于所述高度或深度的横向平面中将所述元件的两个相对面隔开的最小距离。
更具体地说，本发明涉及用于制造该物品的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
-提供注塑模具，所述注塑模具包括具有凸起结构和/或凹陷结构的至少一个模腔，
-提供至少一种陶瓷或金属陶瓷材料，
-将所述至少一种陶瓷或金属陶瓷材料注入模具的所述至少一个模腔中以形成设有装饰物的生坯，该装饰物是模腔的所述结构的负像，
-烧结生坯以形成毛坯，
-对毛坯进行精加工以获得该物品。
根据本发明的用于制造物品的方法因此允许去除在注塑之后装饰物品的步骤。这显著降低了制造成本和时间。
在注塑期间装饰的物品是一体制成的，装饰物与物品的其余部分之间没有不连续性，这与通过将装饰物的元件焊接或粘合到物品上来装饰的物品不同。
与通过激光烧蚀装饰的物品相比，具有在注塑期间产生的装饰物的物品具有更光亮、不粗糙的表面状况，没有激光连续通过的痕迹，这可能允许省去最后的抛光步骤。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在下列参考附图以非限制性示例的方式呈现的优选实施例的描述中显现。
附图说明
图1示出了利用根据本发明的方法制造的表圈的平面图。
图2A和图2B分别示出了利用根据本发明的方法制造的表圈的局部平面图和三维视图，尺寸以毫米给出。
图3A示出了模具的三维视图，该模具设有包括凹陷结构的模腔，该凹陷结构用于在注射方法期间形成表圈的凸起的装饰物。图3B是所述模腔的放大图。可替代地，图4示出了模具的三维视图，该模具设有包括凸起结构的模腔，该凸起结构用于在注射方法期间形成表圈的凹陷的装饰物。
图5a示出了在注入两种不同材料的步骤结束时获得的生坯，图5b和图5c分别示出了构成生坯的所述两种材料。
图6是图5a的生坯的平面图，其中生坯的内部结构以虚线表示。图6a是沿图6的线A-A的截面图，其中箭头示出第二材料在注射期间的流动方向。
图7a示出了在通过注入两种不同材料的制造方法结束时获得的物品，图7b和图7c分别示出了构成该物品的两种材料。
图8示意性地示出了在物品的精加工期间机加工装饰物的脊部的步骤。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种在用于注入陶瓷或金属陶瓷材料的模具的模腔上机加工凹陷结构和/或凸起结构的方法。本发明还涉及通过这种机加工方法获得的模具。本发明还涉及利用用于注塑的该模具通过注塑制造物品的制造方法。本发明进一步涉及由该制造方法生产的带装饰物的物品。
根据本发明，装饰物在物品上是凸起的和/或凹陷的。装饰物可以由单个元件(例如首字母缩略词)制成，或者由多个不同的元件(例如刻度和数字)制成。可能有些元件在装饰物中是凸起的，而其他元件在装饰物中是凹陷的。
根据本发明的物品可以是装饰性物品，例如表、珠宝、手镯等的组成元件。在制表领域，该物品可以是外部构件，例如中间部件、后盖、表圈、按动件、表链链节、表盘、指针、表盘刻度等。它也可以是机芯的构件，例如振荡质量块、主夹板等。作为示例，该物品是具有凸起的装饰物2的表圈1，装饰物2由不同元件2a形成，这些元件是刻度、数字、环、三角形、菱形等，如图1所示。在该示例中，所有元件都代表时间标度，该时间标度还称为分刻度环。仍然作为示例，它可以是单个元件，该单个元件是在表冠上的首字母缩略词。
该物品由金属陶瓷或陶瓷材料制成。该材料因此可以用选自氮化物、碳化物和氧化物(例如氧化锆)的一种或多种陶瓷来生产。类似地，它可以用金属陶瓷生产，该金属陶瓷包括具有碳化物、氮化物和/或氧化物的陶瓷相和选自例如钌、铑、钯、锇、铱、铂、金和银等贵重元素的金属粘合剂相。
根据本发明，该物品的装饰物2的元件2a中的至少一个非常薄，其中至少一个尺寸小于或等于1.5mm，优选地小于或等于1mm，以及更优选地小于或等于0.5mm(图2A和图2B)。该尺寸选自各凸起和/或凹陷的元件2a的最小高度h和/或最小深度，以及在横向于所述高度/深度的横向平面中将所述元件2的两个相对面隔开的最小距离d。对于圆形类型的简单几何形状(例如对于分刻度环的环)或对于用于分刻度环的刻度的矩形类型的几何形状，最小距离因此分别与直径和宽度有关。对于更复杂的几何形状，例如数字或凹陷的几何形状(环形、三角形等)，最小距离是数字或凹陷的几何形状的厚度，其中最小厚度是在数字或凹陷的形状内取的值。
待考虑的距离d或高度h/深度是最小的。这意味着，如果高度或深度在元件内是可变的，则最小高度/深度必须小于或等于1.5毫米，优选地小于或等于1毫米，更优选地小于或等于0.5毫米。在所示出的示例中，高度h在元件内并且对于所有元件都是相同的，并且具有0.3mm的值。类似地，元件在横向平面中的尺寸可以根据高度/深度而变化。因此，如果最小距离d在沿着高度/深度的不同平面之间是可变的，则它是必须考虑的最小值。在所示出的示例中，装饰性元件的基部比顶部宽，在刻度的顶部处的最小距离为0.42mm。装饰物非常薄，在装饰物的元件的毗邻面之间的连接部处的曲率半径R也很小。通常，曲率半径小于或等于0.1mm并且优选地小于或等于0.06mm。
在图3A、图3B和图4中可见的模具3的模腔4包括由一个元件或多个分开的元件5a形成的凸起结构和/或凹陷结构5，这些元件是待制造的装饰物的负像。在图3A和3B的示例中，该结构是凹陷的，而在图4的示例中，它是凸起的。以与该物品的装饰物类似的方式，结构5的至少一个元件5a具有小于或等于1.5mm的至少一个尺寸，所述尺寸选自各凸起或凹陷的元件5a的最小高度或深度，以及在横向于所述高度或深度的横向平面中将所述元件5a的两个相对面隔开的最小距离d。最小高度/深度和最小距离应按照用于物品的装饰性元件所指示的进行测量。
模具的模腔的结构的机加工通过微铣削或激光烧蚀进行。微铣削优选用环形(toroidal)或半球形铣刀实施，该铣刀的直径在0.1mm和3mm之间并且在铣刀的端部处的角半径在0.05mm和0.5mm之间。激光烧蚀优选地用脉冲激光(例如皮秒、纳秒或飞秒激光)来执行。通常，模具可以由金属合金制成，例如洛氏硬度HRC大于50的硬化钢。传统上，模具在雕刻之前的模腔可以通过铣削、车削等获得。
金属陶瓷或陶瓷物品是通过将材料注入模具中来生产的，该模具的模腔具有凸起结构和/或凹陷结构。用于制造该物品的方法包括下列步骤：
-提供如上所述的注塑模具，该注塑模具包括至少一个具有凸起结构和/或凹陷结构的模腔，
-提供至少一种陶瓷或金属陶瓷材料，
-将所述至少一种陶瓷或金属陶瓷材料注入模具的模腔中以形成具有装饰物的生坯，该装饰物是膜腔的所述结构的负像，
-烧结生坯以形成毛坯，
-对毛坯进行精加工以获得该物品。
如果材料已经通过有机粘合剂(石蜡、聚乙烯等)的***注入，则该方法可以可选地包括在烧结步骤之前的脱脂步骤。
在注入步骤期间，将模腔加热到在50℃和170℃之间的温度，优选地在60℃和150℃之间的温度，以允许用材料良好地填充模腔的结构。
精加工步骤是抛光和/或机加工步骤。在装饰物处的机加工是可选的，其包括当装饰物的元件2a是凸起的时去除元件2a的脊部，以便在装饰物的元件的上表面和侧面之间的连接部处产生明显的边缘，如图8中示意性示出的那样。
根据本发明的用于制造物品的方法在注入步骤之后没有雕刻步骤，或者物品的至少大部分装饰物在注入期间形成。
通常，根据图1的表圈1通过注入氧化锆并通过在氧化气氛下在1500℃的温度下烧结30小时的时间来获得。
根据本发明的制造方法还可以被实施以生产具有多种(例如颜色不同)材料的物品。于是目标是生产在另一颜色的背景上具有给定颜色的装饰物的物品。更具体地说，装饰物是在背景上凸起的。注入步骤使用分别具有根据本发明的方法机加工的凸起结构和凹陷结构的第一模腔和第二模腔。当注入第一材料时使用第一模腔，当注入第二材料时使用第二模腔。所述两种材料注入后的生坯6如图5a所示。图5b示出了通过将第一材料注入到第一模腔中产生的生坯的第一部分6a。第一部分6a包括穿过其厚度的凹口7。这些凹口7一方面形成装饰物2，并且另一方面形成用于注入第二材料的一个或多个开口8。这些开口8优选地存在于生坯的拟在该物品的机加工期间被去除的部分。对于表圈而言，这些开口因此存在于表圈的拟凹陷的中央环形部分中。
生坯的第一部分6a是在将第一材料注入模具中之后获得的，该模具的第一模腔具有形成装饰物和开口的凸起结构。为了使凹口穿过生坯的第一部分的厚度，所述结构的高度大于第一模腔中的材料的填充高度。
生坯的第二部分6b通过将第二材料从第一部分6a的上表面6c经由开口8到下表面6d的注入获得。如图6a中由箭头示意性示出的那样，第二材料然后从下表面6d通过装饰物2的凹口7上升到上表面6c并进入第二模腔(未示出)。第二模腔具有面向生坯的第一部分的装饰物布置的凹陷结构，所述结构具有与生坯的第一部分的装饰物的形状相似的形状。在图5a中由第一部分6a和第二部分6b形成的生坯6因此具有第二材料在第一材料上凸起的装饰物2。然后，为了形成表圈，以常规方式，将注入口9切除并且将表圈的内径挖空以生产图7a的物品。
已经图示说明了用于包括两种不同材料的物品的制造方法，但是它可以是包括3种、4种等不同材料以产生多种不同颜色的装饰物的物品。
本发明还涉及由该制造方法生产的物品。
对于根据上述方法获得的多色物品(图7a至图7c)，物品1具有一种颜色的基部10，该基部10设有凸起的装饰物2，另一种颜色的被称为上部部件11的部件布置在该基部10上，该上部部件11设有与基部10的装饰物2形状互补的凹口7，上部部件11经由穿过凹口7在上部部件11上凸起的装饰物2而与基部10相套合。
附图标记
1.物品或表圈
2.装饰物
2a.装饰物的元件
3.注塑模具
4.模腔
5.模腔的凸起结构和/或凹陷结构
5a.结构的元件
6.生坯
6a.具有第一材料的第一部分
6b.具有第二材料的第二部分
6c.第一部分的上表面
6d.第二部分的下表面
7.凹口
8.开口
9.注入口
10.物品的基部
11.物品的上部部件

Claims (19)

1.一种通过激光烧蚀或微铣削在注塑模具(3)的模腔(4)上机加工凸起结构和/或凹陷结构(5)的机加工方法，所述凸起结构和/或凹陷结构(5)由一个元件或多个分开的元件(5a)形成，其中至少一个元件(5a)具有小于或等于1.5mm的至少一个尺寸，所述尺寸选自各凸起或凹陷的元件(5a)的最小高度(h)或最小深度，以及在横向于所述高度或深度的横向平面中将所述元件(5a)的两个相对面隔开的最小距离(d),其中所述注塑模具(3)设有两个模腔，其中第一模腔具有凸起结构，第二模腔具有凹陷结构，第一材料能被注入到第一模腔中以形成生坯(6)的第一部分(6a)，与所述第一材料不同的第二材料能穿过所述第一材料被注入到第二模腔中以形成所述生坯(6)的第二部分(6b)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机加工方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个尺寸小于或等于1mm。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的机加工方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个尺寸小于或等于0.5mm。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的机加工方法，其特征在于，在所述横向平面中，至少一个元件(5a)在所述元件(5a)的两个毗邻面之间的连接部处具有小于或等于0.1mm的曲率半径R。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的机加工方法，其特征在于，在所述横向平面中，至少一个元件(5a)在所述元件(5a)的两个毗邻面之间的连接部处具有小于或等于0.06mm的曲率半径R。
6.一种注塑模具(3)，其特征在于，所述注塑模具(3)设有具有凸起结构和/或凹陷结构(5)的至少一个模腔(4)，所述凸起结构和/或凹陷结构(5)由一个元件或多个分开的元件(5a)形成，其中至少一个元件(5a)具有小于或等于1.5mm的至少一个尺寸，所述尺寸选自各凸起或凹陷的元件(5a)的最小高度(h)或最小深度，以及在横向于所述高度(h)或深度的横向平面中将所述元件(5a)的两个相对面隔开的最小距离(d),其中所述注塑模具(3)设有两个模腔，其中第一模腔具有凸起结构，第二模腔具有凹陷结构，第一材料能被注入到第一模腔中以形成生坯(6)的第一部分(6a)，与所述第一材料不同的第二材料能穿过所述第一材料被注入到第二模腔中以形成所述生坯(6)的第二部分(6b)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的注塑模具(3)，其特征在于，所述至少一个元件(5a)具有小于或等于1mm的至少一个尺寸。
8.根据权利要求6所述的注塑模具(3)，其特征在于，所述至少一个元件(5a)具有小于或等于0.5mm的至少一个尺寸。
9.一种通过注塑制造由陶瓷或金属陶瓷制成的物品的制造方法，该制造方法包括下列步骤：
-提供根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的注塑模具(3)，
-提供至少一种陶瓷或金属陶瓷材料，
-将所述至少一种陶瓷或金属陶瓷材料注入到所述注塑模具(3)的所述至少一个模腔(4)中以形成设有装饰物(2)的生坯(6)，所述装饰物(2)是所述模腔的所述凸起结构和/或凹陷结构(5)的负像，
-烧结所述生坯(6)以形成毛坯，
-对所述毛坯进行精加工以获得所述物品,
其中所述注塑模具(3)设有两个模腔，其中第一模腔具有凸起结构，第二模腔具有凹陷结构，并且提供两种不同的材料，第一材料被注入到第一模腔中以形成所述生坯(6)的第一部分(6a)，第二材料穿过所述第一材料被注入到第二模腔中以形成所述生坯(6)的第二部分(6b)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述生坯(6)的第一部分(6a)包括穿过所述第一部分(6a)的厚度的凹口(7)，所述凹口(7)形成所述装饰物(2)和至少一个开口(8)，所述第二材料沿给定方向流动通过所述开口(8)注入，然后沿与所述给定方向相反的方向穿过所述装饰物(2)的所述凹口(7)，终止于所述第二模腔，所述第二模腔设有与所述生坯(6)的第一部分(6a)的装饰物(2)形状相同的结构，所述与所述生坯(6)的第一部分(6a)的装饰物(2)形状相同的结构布置成在所述注入期间面向所述第一部分(6a)的装饰物(2)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述开口(8)存在于所述生坯(6)的所述第一部分(6a)的拟在所述毛坯的精加工步骤期间被去除的部分上。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第一材料和所述第二材料的颜色不同。
13.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的制造方法，其特征在于，在注入步骤期间，将所述至少一个模腔(4)加热到在50℃和170℃之间的温度，以允许用材料完全填充所述模腔(4)的所述凸起结构和/或凹陷结构(5)。
14.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的制造方法，其特征在于，在注入步骤期间，将所述至少一个模腔(4)加热到在60℃和150℃之间的温度，以允许用材料完全填充所述模腔(4)的所述凸起结构和/或凹陷结构(5)。
15.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述精加工步骤是抛光和/或机加工步骤，所述机加工步骤包括去除凸起的装饰物的至少一个元件(2a)的脊部，以便在所述装饰物的元件(2a)的上表面和所述装饰物的元件(2a)的侧面之间的连接部处产生边缘。
16.一种由金属陶瓷或陶瓷制成的物品，其特征在于，该物品利用根据权利要求9至15中任一项所述的制造方法通过注塑制造而成。
17.根据权利要求16所述的物品，其特征在于，所述物品由至少两种不同的颜色形成，其中具有第一颜色的装饰物(2)在具有第二颜色的基底上凸起。
18.根据权利要求17所述的物品，其特征在于，所述物品具有基部(10)，所述基部(10)具有第一颜色并设有凸起的装饰物(2)，具有第二颜色的被称为上部部件(11)的部件布置在所述基部(10)上，所述上部部件(11)设有与所述基部(10)的装饰物(2)形状互补的贯通的凹口(7)，所述上部部件(11)叠置在所述基部(10)上，所述装饰物(2)穿过所述凹口(7)在所述上部部件(11)上凸起。
19.根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的物品，其特征在于，所述物品是外部部件的表构件或机芯的表构件，其中所述外部部件的表构件或机芯的表构件选自包括中间部件、后盖、表圈、按动件、表链链节、表盘、指针、表盘刻度、振荡质量块和主夹板的列表。
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