CN115212703A - Preparation method of plasma discharge electrode - Google Patents
Preparation method of plasma discharge electrode Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
- B01D53/323—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 by electrostatic effects or by high-voltage electric fields
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/2406—Generating plasma using dielectric barrier discharges, i.e. with a dielectric interposed between the electrodes
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- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/2406—Generating plasma using dielectric barrier discharges, i.e. with a dielectric interposed between the electrodes
- H05H1/2439—Surface discharges, e.g. air flow control
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a plasma discharge electrode, which is characterized in that one end of a grounding electrode is pulled to one side surface of a high-voltage electrode end along an oblique direction and is bonded and fixed, the high-voltage electrode is pulled along an axial direction and rotates relative to the grounding electrode, a single grounding electrode is spirally wound to the other end of the high-voltage electrode and is bonded and fixed, then a second grounding electrode needing to be wound is fixed by taking the side surface of the high-voltage electrode at the other end as a starting point, the high-voltage electrode is pushed or pulled in a reverse direction to move along the axial direction at the same speed to reset and keep rotating relative to the grounding electrode in the same direction, so that the second grounding electrode is wound on the high-voltage electrode and is arranged in a way of being crossed with the first grounding electrode, and the second grounding electrode is cut off and bonded and fixed at the end part of the side surface of the high-voltage electrode after being wound to the starting end of the high-voltage electrode. The invention can realize the cross winding of the two grounding electrodes only by driving the high-voltage electrode to move back and forth along the axial direction and keeping the same-direction rotation, thereby being very convenient, fast, efficient and reliable.
Description
The application is a divisional application of a patent of a ship tail gas treatment device based on plasma ionization, which is applied for 202110583314.9, application date 2021-5-27.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ship tail gas treatment, in particular to a preparation method of a plasma discharge electrode.
Background
Maritime is a globally recognized major source of atmospheric pollutants. In recent years, with the rapid development of international maritime trade, more and more people are concerned about the global influence of atmospheric pollutants, and ship exhaust emissions have a great influence on the air quality in local and regional areas because ship exhaust emissions are easily transported in the atmosphere for long distances, from the ocean to the land, and even from one continent to another continent. In addition, part of the marine emissions occur in coastal areas, and exhaust pollutants can directly diffuse to continents, causing environmental problems affecting human health and ecosystem. According to the environmental Agency of European union (EEA), global ships emit about 2500 million tons of Nitrogen Oxides (NOX), about 1500 million tons of Sulfur Oxides (SOX), and about 130 million tons of Particulate Matter (PM) to the atmosphere every year.
At present, the SOX control technology of ship tail gas mainly comprises a low-sulfur fuel oil technology, a dry desulfurization technology and a wet scrubbing technology. The technology for controlling the NOx in the tail gas of the ship mainly comprises an exhaust gas recirculation technology (an EGR system) and a selective catalytic reduction technology (an SCR system).
In the traditional desulfurization and denitrification technology, although the seawater desulfurization process has simple working flow, reliability, environmental protection and high economy, the effect is not very good when the tail gas discharged during the combustion of high-sulfur fuel oil is treated by the existing seawater desulfurization method, the whole equipment occupies large space, and the desulfurization efficiency in a low-salinity sea area is low. And the whole desulfurization process needs to renew a large amount of seawater, and extra fuel oil needs to be consumed to provide the power, so that the cost is increased. The biggest limiting factors of the dry desulfurization system are the supplement of the desulfurizing agent and the accumulation treatment of reaction byproducts after tail gas treatment. The dry desulfurization system has high requirements on the absorbent, poor stability of the desulfurizer, more byproducts after reaction, and troublesome treatment and utilization, and needs to add an additional configuration device. The EGR system can reduce the temperature of circulating exhaust gas, so that the NOx (nitrogen oxide compound) emission of a marine main engine is greatly reduced, but the reflux ratio of the exhaust gas needs to be strictly controlled during the operation of the EGR, and the optimal reflux quantity needs to be continuously adjusted according to the change of load to balance the economic benefit and the NOx emission reduction. The investment operation cost of the EGR technology is relatively high, the unit investment cost is generally $ 60-80/kW, and the operation cost is generally 4% -6% of the fuel cost when the ship sails in the emission control area. The SCR technology also has the problems of large occupied area and high investment and operation cost, the SCR system is more complex, and the installation cost accounts for about 5 to 8 percent of the total cost of the ship. The deactivation of the catalyst at low temperature, the leakage of the reducing agent, the consumption of a large amount of reducing agent urea during operation and the like increase the operation cost to a certain extent.
Therefore, it is necessary for those skilled in the art to find a new method for treating exhaust gas from a ship at low cost and with high reliability.
In the field of exhaust gas treatment, plasma discharge technology is used to purify exhaust gas (mainly engine exhaust gas), which is a relatively efficient exhaust gas treatment method in recent years. Plasma (plasma), also called plasma, is an ionized gaseous substance with a large number of positive and negative ions generated by ionizing atoms and radicals after part of electrons are deprived, and has high energy level and activity because the plasma also comprises electrons, various excited state atoms, atoms and free radicals. The principle of plasma discharge treatment is that the pollutants in the tail gas are decomposed by plasma generated by ionization, so that the purpose of degrading the pollutants is achieved. For example, a toothed plate uniform flow type cold plasma tail gas treatment device disclosed in CN204051409U, a discharge plasma automobile tail gas treatment device with a rotating spiral electrode disclosed in CN104941400B and a treatment method thereof all adopt plasma to realize tail gas treatment.
The plasma can be classified into arc discharge, corona discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, glow discharge, and the like, depending on the generation form. The three discharge modes are plasma processing modes which are common in the field of tail gas processing. However, the main action mechanism of the arc discharge is high-temperature action, so that the arc discharge is more used for air purification and sterilization and is not suitable for tail gas treatment. The plasma generated by corona discharge treatment has lower energy level, the sterilization effect is not as good as that of glow discharge plasma, and the decomposition efficiency of harmful substances such as formaldehyde is not high. The dielectric barrier discharge needs to arrange a dielectric layer for breakdown between the electrodes, and the ionization structure of the dielectric barrier discharge is inconvenient to arrange and is not beneficial to tail gas to pass through. Glow discharge plasma has higher energy level and activity, mainly degrades pollutants through high-energy particles in the plasma, and is generally an ideal tail gas treatment mode; however, the conventional glow discharge method has a small discharge area and needs to be formed in a low-pressure environment, and is difficult to be practically applied in the field of exhaust gas purification. Meanwhile, most of the existing tail gas treatment devices are used for treating automobile tail gas, and the treatment efficiency is difficult to meet the requirement of ship tail gas treatment.
Patent CN102548177B filed by the subject group of the inventor discloses a discharge electrode structure of a plasma air purification device, which adopts positive and negative electrodes arranged in a cross-mesh structure, and directly contacts to discharge after an insulating material is wrapped by the positive and negative electrodes. The patent technology is different from the conventional ionization treatment, adopts a discharge mode that two electrodes are not in contact and discharge under the action of an electric field, and can generate discharge at the contact point of the electrodes based on the surface discharge principle to generate low-temperature plasma and diffuse the low-temperature plasma outwards. The low-temperature plasma generated in the way has the property similar to glow discharge plasma, and has high sterilization rate, good degradation effect of pollutant components, short time consumption and low power consumption; but this structure only produces ionizing discharges at the electrode cross-contact locations and is relatively inefficient. Based on the patent, the inventor also applies for a plasma disinfection and sterilization device with a flexible discharge electrode structure in CN 105848397B. In the patent device, the mode that the grounding electrode is spirally wound on the high-voltage electrode after being wrapped by the insulating medium is adopted to realize ionization discharge, the discharge principle of the device has the properties of medium barrier discharge and surface discharge at the same time, low-temperature plasma with similar glow discharge effect can be generated on the surface of the contact junction of the electrode, and the device is more suitable for treating tail gas.
However, the device of CN105848397B still has the defects of material limitation, short service life, limited treatment effect and the like, is not suitable for direct application in ship exhaust treatment, and needs to be further improved to improve the treatment efficiency and effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide an ionization effect is good, and tail gas treatment efficiency is high, long service life's tail gas processing apparatus makes it be particularly useful for boats and ships tail gas treatment. The invention also discloses a simple and efficient preparation method of the plasma discharge electrode.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a boats and ships tail gas processing apparatus based on plasma ionization, is including being arranged in being connected to the casing in the boats and ships tail gas passageway, forms the gas passageway in the middle of the casing, is provided with plasma discharge electrode in the gas passageway, and plasma discharge electrode is including the whole columnar high voltage electrode that is located the middle part, and the high voltage electrode wraps up there is insulating material, and insulating material spiral winding is provided with telluric electricity field, its characterized in that, plasma discharge electrode sets up to the stratiform and arranges along the gas direction interval along passing the gas passageway section and be provided with the multilayer, and every layer of plasma discharge electrode all includes the many that parallel interval connects in parallel and arranges.
When the device is used, the shell is connected into a tail gas discharge channel (of a ship) to be treated, two ends of all the high-voltage electrodes and two ends of the grounding electrode are respectively connected with a high-voltage end and a grounding end of a power supply through leads, and a plasma alternating current power supply system with a high-frequency high-voltage output circuit can be specifically adopted to realize control (the specific structure of a control part is the conventional prior art and is not detailed here). After the device is electrified to reach the discharge voltage, a discharge loop is formed between a high-voltage electrode and a grounding electrode of a plasma discharge electrode, and based on the principles of dielectric barrier discharge and surface discharge, low-temperature plasma with similar glow discharge effect (namely, the discharge phenomenon is uniformly dispersed light blue discharge, the discharge current is in milliampere level, and a small amount of current pulse) can be generated on the surface of the contact junction of the electrodes, so that the tail gas is ionized and purified. The mode that the multilayer electrode of arranging through the direction interval along tail gas in this device, many electrodes of parallel interval arrangement of gas channel section along passing are followed to every layer of electrode, have greatly improved the regional quantity of ionization in the gas channel three-dimensional space, to admitting air and realizing three-dimensional ionization purification treatment, have greatly improved the tail gas treatment effect, are particularly useful for the big processing demand of boats and ships tail gas volume.
Furthermore, every two adjacent layers of plasma discharge electrodes are arranged in a crisscross direction staggered by 90 degrees.
Therefore, the ionization purification treatment of the passing air flow can be better realized by better forming the ionization region space in the grid shape in a mode of staggered arrangement of the two adjacent layers of electrodes.
Furthermore, the plasma discharge electrodes of different layers but arranged in the same direction are arranged in a staggered manner in the arrangement interval direction, so that no gap is left in the projection of all the plasma discharge electrodes on the cross section along the tail gas flowing direction.
In this way, the projections of all the transverse and longitudinal rows of electrodes onto the cross section of the air duct can cover 100% of the entire cross section of the duct. The arrangement mode can realize that all tail gas pollutant gases can fully contact with the surface of the electrode, and ensures the treatment effect.
Furthermore, the high-voltage electrode is a cylindrical structure made of a copper material.
Therefore, the device has the advantages of low cost, favorable arrangement and good power generation effect. Of course, other metal materials with good conductivity may be used in the implementation.
Further, the insulating material is a ceramic or glass fiber material.
Ceramic or glass fiber high-temperature resistant material is a good inorganic electret material, and can better resist the high temperature of 300-500 ℃ in the ship tail gas compared with the organic electret material such as polytetrafluoroethylene and the like adopted in the patent of the background technology, so that the ceramic or glass fiber high-temperature resistant material is particularly suitable for the treatment of the high-temperature tail gas of the ship; and more importantly, the surface of the material is rougher compared with smooth polytetrafluoroethylene, the material has better charge storage capacity, and charged particles generated in the previous discharging process can enter a shallow layer of the surface of the material under the action of an electric field to be stored after primary discharging, so that the ionization treatment effect is greatly improved.
Further, the grounding electrode is made of a carbon fiber material. The material has low cost, easy implementation and good conductivity, and can better control the generation of ionization discharge effect.
Furthermore, in the plasma discharge electrode, the two grounding electrodes form a double-helix winding arrangement structure which is staggered with each other.
Therefore, compared with the structural mode of adopting a single-spiral grounding electrode in the background patent, the double-spiral arrangement of the two grounding electrodes can increase the ionization area range of the surface of the high-voltage electrode and reduce the ionization dark area. More importantly, the two grounding electrodes are arranged in a cross mode, the two grounding electrodes are wound at the cross position, the grounding electrodes are tightly pressed to the surface of the high-voltage electrode, the contact degree of the grounding electrodes is different from that of the rest of grounding electrodes, the position of the position is different from that of the rest of grounding electrodes due to the fact that the two grounding electrodes are contacted with each other, the contact point position can generate the effect of instantly increasing the current due to the fact that the resistance is reduced, and further the ionization discharge effect generated at the contact point is different from that of the rest of grounding electrodes and the surface of the high-voltage electrode, and higher-level ionization particles can be generated (or explained from the electric field superposition angle, compared with the grounding electrodes which are arranged in a cross type double-helix manner, the grounding electrodes arranged in a cross type double-helix manner are different from those of the grounding electrodes, the electric field superposition effect of different positions on the surface of the high-voltage electrode is different from that of the two grounding electrodes, and further the ionization particles in various positions are different, and further ionization particles with more abundant types can be generated). Therefore, the surface of the whole high-voltage electrode can generate more ionized particles with different energy levels, the types and the quantity of the generated ionized particles are greatly enriched, and the requirements that various harmful components in (ship) tail gas have slight differences in treatment requirements can be better met. Thus, the overall treatment effect on the (ship) tail gas is greatly improved.
Furthermore, the grounding electrode is formed by weaving a plurality of carbon fiber wires.
Therefore, the grounding electrode is formed by weaving a plurality of carbon fiber silk threads, so that the grounding electrode can have certain elasticity and flexible deformation capability, the grounding electrode positioned below the cross position of the two grounding electrodes can be deformed and flattened, a gap is not left between the electrode positioned above and the surface of the high-voltage electrode as far as possible, and the electrode is prevented from being burnt out due to filiform discharge caused by the gap. In addition, the grounding electrode is formed by weaving a plurality of carbon fiber wires, so that a plurality of tiny carbon fiber wire-shaped electrodes which are woven and wound mutually are formed, and the grounding electrode can be seen as a micro-electrode which can enable different cross-section positions of the grounding electrode to generate local currents with different instantaneous magnitudes, so that ionization discharge effects with different energy levels are formed at different positions, and the types and the quantity of generated ionized particles are greatly enriched. Meanwhile, a plurality of micro areas for generating and residing the ionized particles are formed by weaving among the carbon fiber threads, so that the generated ionized particles can slowly diffuse outwards along the surface of the grounding electrode. Therefore, this structure can greatly improve the effect of the ionization treatment of the exhaust gas from a plurality of angles, as compared with the structure of the entire ground electrode.
Further, in the plasma discharge electrode, two ground electrodes are sequentially wound in a vertically staggered manner or the same ground electrode is always wound in a manner of being kept below the staggered position.
The first winding mode is that the first grounding electrode presses the second grounding electrode at the first contact point, and the second grounding electrode presses the first grounding electrode at the second contact point, so that the contact performance of the grounding electrodes and the insulating layer can be improved, gaps are prevented from being generated to cause filiform discharge to burn the electrodes, and the safety is relatively high. And the second mode always keeps one grounding electrode below, so that the production and the manufacture can be more convenient.
Furthermore, in the plasma discharge electrode, two high-temperature resistant insulated wires are reversely wound outside the two grounding electrodes.
This is because the two ground electrodes are alternately wound and then pressed at the positions of the staggered points, so that the part of each ground electrode between two adjacent staggered points generates a reverse outward expansion force. Although this force is very small, the ground electrode is constructed by weaving a plurality of carbon fiber filaments and is exposed to a very harsh high temperature ionization environment for a long period of time. Therefore, the force can cause the grounding electrode to easily bulge at the middle position between two adjacent staggered points, so that the inner side surface of the grounding electrode is not tightly contacted to generate a gap, and the outer side surface generates carbon fiber silk breakage. The electrode is burnt out by filiform power generation in the inner gap; the broken carbon fiber wires on the outer side bulge outwards to form burr protrusions, so that the glow discharge effect is poor. Therefore, after the two high-temperature-resistant insulated wires are reversely wound, the high-temperature-resistant insulated wires can pass through and press the middle position of the grounding electrode between two adjacent staggered points, so that the outward tension of the position is offset, the inner side of the grounding electrode is prevented from generating a gap, the outer side of the grounding electrode is better prevented from generating burr protrusions, and the phenomenon of point discharge is avoided. In addition, after two reverse high-temperature-resistant insulating wires are additionally wound, the high-temperature-resistant insulating wires and the grounding electrode can form a closed latticed convex area on the surface of the high-voltage electrode together, and the closed latticed area forms a reaction tank, so that ionized particles and harmful gas can be retained in the reaction tank for contact reaction, and the treatment is completed. Therefore, the improved structure can ensure the glow discharge effect of the electrode, greatly improve the ionization treatment effect and better prolong the service life of the electrode. Further, the high-temperature resistant insulated wire is a nylon wire.
Has the advantages of good insulation effect, low cost and the like.
In summary, the above-mentioned solution also discloses a plasma discharge electrode structure capable of generating glow discharge effect, that is, two grounding electrodes are wound outside the high voltage electrode wrapped with insulating material to form a mutual interlaced double spiral winding arrangement structure. Meanwhile, the scheme for further optimizing and improving the electrode structure at each position and the advantages and effects thereof are all established on the single plasma discharge electrode.
When the plasma discharge electrode structure is implemented, the plasma discharge electrode structure can be prepared by the following preparation method, firstly, a high-voltage electrode wrapped with an insulating material is obtained, a grounding electrode formed by weaving a plurality of carbon fiber silk threads is obtained, then, one end of the grounding electrode is pulled to one side surface of a high-voltage electrode end along an inclined direction and is bonded and fixed, the high-voltage electrode is pulled along an axial direction and is kept to relatively rotate with the grounding electrode, a single grounding electrode is spirally wound to the other end of the high-voltage electrode and is then bonded and fixed on the side surface of the high-voltage electrode end, then, a second grounding electrode needing to be wound is fixed by taking the side surface of the high-voltage electrode end at the other end as a starting point, the high-voltage electrode is pushed reversely or pulled to move along the axial direction at the same speed to reset and is kept to relatively rotate with the grounding electrode in the same direction, so that the second grounding electrode is wound on the high-voltage electrode and is formed to be crossed with the first grounding electrode, and the second grounding electrode is cut off and is bonded and fixed at the end part of the starting end of the side surface of the high-voltage electrode after the second grounding electrode is wound to the starting end of the return high-voltage electrode.
Therefore, the cross winding of the two grounding electrodes can be realized only by driving the high-voltage electrode to make a round trip along the axial direction and keeping the same-direction rotation, and the device is very convenient, fast, efficient and reliable. And then the winding of the two high-temperature-resistant insulated wires can be realized in the same way.
Further, the plasma discharge electrode structure can be prepared by adopting the following electrode winding equipment, the electrode winding equipment comprises a base, a fixed support is vertically arranged on each of the left side and the right side of the base upwards, a sliding sleeve for allowing a high-voltage electrode to pass through is respectively and fixedly arranged in the middle of the upper end of the fixed support in the middle, a rotating frame of which the whole is of a rectangular frame structure is rotatably arranged outside the two sliding sleeves by virtue of a bearing, the inner ends of the two sliding sleeves which are opposite are installed and penetrate out of the inner side surface of the middle position of the rotating frame, the side edge of the rotating frame is also provided with a pulley steering mechanism which is arranged in a staggered mode with the position of the sliding sleeve, and the end part of the rotating frame is also provided with a wire rolling installation mechanism.
Therefore, when the electrode winding equipment is used, the high-voltage electrode (wrapped by insulating materials) penetrates through the two sliding sleeves, the grounding electrode or the high-temperature-resistant insulating wire is mounted on the wire rolling mounting mechanism in a wire rolling mode, then the grounding electrode or the high-temperature-resistant insulating wire needing to be wound is led out from the wire rolling, the grounding electrode or the high-temperature-resistant insulating wire is made to be bonded and fixed to the starting end of the high-voltage electrode in the rotating frame after bypassing the pulley steering mechanism, and then only the high-voltage electrode needs to be pulled.
Furthermore, a driven gear coaxial with the sliding cylinder is fixed on the rotating frame, and the driven gear is in transmission connection with a driving motor fixed on the rotating frame through a gear mechanism.
When the rotating frame is too heavy and is difficult to realize rotation by means of reaction force, the rotating frame can be driven by the motor to realize rotation so as to conveniently finish winding.
Furthermore, a pulley steering mechanism is respectively arranged at the front and the rear positions of the left side and the right side of the rotating frame. Thus, the four pulley steering structures can facilitate simultaneous arrangement and sequential winding of the two ground electrodes and the two high-temperature-resistant insulated wires. Furthermore, two ends of the rotating frame are respectively provided with a wire roller mounting mechanism capable of mounting two wire rollers. Thus, the two grounding electrodes and the two high-temperature-resistant insulated wires can be conveniently arranged at the same time when the four wires roll.
Furthermore, the pulley steering mechanism comprises a horizontally arranged pulley positioning bolt, the head of the pulley positioning bolt can be vertically and slidably clamped in a dovetail groove vertically arranged on the inner side of the rotating frame, and a self-fixing nut is screwed on the pulley positioning bolt and realizes the fixation of the pulley positioning bolt; a steering pulley is movably sleeved on the pulley positioning bolt.
Thus, the vertical height position of the steering pulley can be changed and adjusted, and the winding angle can be adjusted.
Furthermore, pulley positioning bolts at two sides of the steering pulley are respectively screwed with a pulley positioning nut.
In this way, the position of the diverting pulley on the pulley positioning bolt can be adjusted by means of the two pulley positioning bolts as required.
Furthermore, a position adjusting spiral spring is connected between one side of the steering pulley and the corresponding pulley positioning nut.
Like this at earthed electrode through the winding in-process of diverting pulley, can exert an initial power to coil spring, rely on this power to let the winding in-process diverting pulley can be driven and realize the back and forth movement on the bolt, and then change diverting pulley's tensioning angle and tensile force repeatedly. And the helical spring is gradually reduced in elasticity by resistance force in the repeated stretching process until the steering pulley stops moving gradually, so that the tension force applied at each moment in the winding process is different in size. Can make telluric electricity field on high-tension electrode every position compress tightly the degree inequality like this for the ionization effect that telluric electricity field position everywhere produced is rich in the change, can generate more abundant kinds of ionization particle, improves the waste gas ionization treatment effect. Especially, the grounding electrode is combined with the structural characteristic that a plurality of carbon fiber silk threads are woven to form, when the compression degree of the grounding electrode is changed, the carbon fiber silk threads are mixed and compressed to deform differently, so that more abundant ionized particle types are generated, and the waste gas treatment effect is greatly improved.
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of good ionization effect, high tail gas treatment efficiency and long service life, and is particularly suitable for ship tail gas treatment application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a single plasma discharge electrode in the apparatus of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the end face of a single ground electrode in the device of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the electrode winding apparatus.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the single pulley steering mechanism of fig. 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The best mode is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a ship tail gas treatment device based on plasma ionization comprises a shell 1 connected to a ship tail gas channel, one end of the shell 1 is an air inlet end, the other end of the shell is an air outlet end, an air passage is formed in the middle of the shell 1, a plasma discharge electrode is arranged in the air passage and comprises a high-voltage electrode 2 which is located in the middle and is cylindrical as a whole, an insulating material 3 wraps the high-voltage electrode 2, and a grounding electrode 4 is spirally wound outside the insulating material 3, wherein the plasma discharge electrode is arranged in a layered shape along the cross section of the air passage and is provided with a plurality of layers at intervals along the air passage direction, and each layer of the plasma discharge electrode comprises a plurality of parallel and parallel plasma discharge electrodes at intervals.
When the device is used, the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the shell are connected into a tail gas discharge channel (of a ship) to be treated, the two ends of all the high-voltage electrodes and the two ends of the grounding electrode are respectively connected with the high-voltage end and the grounding end of a power supply (a high-frequency high-voltage alternating current power supply is adopted to output a standard sine wave with a waveform, and the high-voltage end and the grounding end can keep stable operation when the high-frequency high-voltage alternating current power supply is used for supplying power to the electrodes), and a plasma alternating current power supply system with a high-frequency high-voltage output circuit can be specifically adopted to realize control (the specific structure of a control part is the conventional prior art, and is not detailed here). After the device is electrified to reach the discharge voltage, a discharge loop is formed between a high-voltage electrode and a grounding electrode of a plasma discharge electrode, and based on the principles of dielectric barrier discharge and surface discharge, low-temperature plasma with similar glow discharge effect (namely, the discharge phenomenon is uniformly dispersed light blue discharge, the discharge current is in milliampere level, a small amount of current pulse exists, and the discharge is uniform, stable and threadless) can be generated on the surface of the contact junction of the electrodes, so that the tail gas is ionized and purified. The mode that the multilayer electrode of arranging through the direction interval along tail gas in this device, many electrodes of parallel interval arrangement of gas channel section along passing are followed to every layer of electrode, have greatly improved the regional quantity of ionization in the gas channel three-dimensional space, to admitting air and realizing three-dimensional ionization purification treatment, have greatly improved the tail gas treatment effect, are particularly useful for the big processing demand of boats and ships tail gas volume.
During implementation, the specific number of layers can be selected according to actual needs, the interval between two adjacent layers of electrodes can be 1cm, and the interval between a single electrode and an electrode in the same layer can be 5mm.
During implementation, the shell 1 can be of a cuboid structure, the specific size can be selected according to an actual ship tail gas exhaust pipeline, the left surface and the right surface are channels, the upper surface, the lower surface, the front surface, the rear surface, the front surface and the rear surface can be made of stainless steel materials, holes are formed in the four surfaces in a staggered mode, and the plasma generation electrodes are installed. And then, respectively leading out the high-voltage ends and the grounding ends of all the electrodes, and respectively connecting the electrodes to the high-voltage end and the grounding end of a high-frequency high-voltage alternating-current power supply in a parallel connection manner to realize control.
Wherein, every two adjacent plasma discharge electrodes are arranged in a crisscross direction staggered by 90 degrees.
Therefore, the ionization purification treatment of the passing air flow can be better realized by better forming the ionization region space in the grid shape in a mode of staggered arrangement of the two adjacent layers of electrodes.
The plasma discharge electrodes on different layers and distributed in the same direction are arranged in a staggered mode in the distribution interval direction, so that gaps are not left in the projections of all the plasma discharge electrodes on the cross section along the tail gas flowing direction.
In this way, the projections of all the transverse and longitudinal rows of electrodes onto the cross section of the air duct can cover 100% of the entire cross section of the duct. The arrangement mode can realize that all tail gas pollutant gases can fully contact with the surface of the electrode, and the treatment effect is ensured.
The high-voltage electrode 2 is a cylindrical structure made of a copper material. The diameter of the pipe can be selected to be 0.6mm when the pipe is implemented.
Therefore, the device has the advantages of low cost, favorable arrangement and good power generation effect. Of course, other metal materials with good conductivity may be used in the implementation.
Wherein, the insulating material 3 is a ceramic or glass fiber material. The thickness of the film can be selected to be 0.2mm during implementation, and surface discharge is favorably generated.
Ceramic or glass fiber high-temperature resistant material is a good inorganic electret material, and can better resist the high temperature of 300-500 ℃ in the ship tail gas compared with the organic electret material such as polytetrafluoroethylene and the like adopted in the patent of the background technology, so that the ceramic or glass fiber high-temperature resistant material is particularly suitable for the treatment of the high-temperature tail gas of the ship; and more importantly, the surface of the material is rougher compared with that of smooth polytetrafluoroethylene, the material has better charge storage capacity, and charged particles generated in the previous discharging process can enter a shallow layer of the surface of the material under the action of an electric field and be stored after primary discharging, so that the ionization treatment effect is greatly improved.
Wherein, the grounding electrode 4 is made of carbon fiber material. The material has low cost, easy implementation and good conductivity, and can better control the generation of ionization discharge effect.
In the plasma discharge electrode, the two grounding electrodes 4 form a double-helix winding arrangement structure which is staggered with each other.
Therefore, compared with the structural mode of adopting a single-spiral grounding electrode in the background patent, the double-spiral arrangement of the two grounding electrodes can increase the ionization area range of the surface of the high-voltage electrode and reduce the ionization dark area. And more importantly, two grounding electrodes have adopted the mode of crossing arrangement, two grounding electrodes twine the crossing position like this, grounding electrode is compressed tightly to the close degree and other positions on high-voltage electrode surface different, and this position leads to passing through the electric current size also different with other grounding electrodes because two grounding electrodes contact each other, the contact point position can produce the effect that passes through the electric current grow in the twinkling of an eye because of resistance reduction, and then lead to the ionization discharge effect that the contact point produced to be distinguished from other grounding electrodes and high-voltage electrode surface contact position, can produce the ionization particle of higher energy level (or explain from the electric field stack angle, the grounding electrode of crossing double helix arrangement compares with the grounding electrode of equidirectional parallel spiral arrangement, the electric field stack effect that forms between different positions on high-voltage electrode surface and two grounding electrodes is different, and then lead to everywhere the ionization energy level different, and then can produce ionization particle of richness type). Therefore, the whole high-voltage electrode surface can generate more ionized particles with different energy levels, the types and the quantity of the generated ionized particles are greatly enriched, and the requirements that various harmful components in (ship) tail gas have slight differences in treatment requirements can be better met. Thus, the overall treatment effect on the (ship) tail gas is greatly improved.
The grounding electrode 4 is formed by weaving a plurality of carbon fiber wires 6. Specifically, the ground electrode may be formed of a carbon fiber in a 0.2mm diameter cluster consisting of 1k carbon fiber filaments having a diameter of 7 um.
Therefore, the grounding electrode is formed by weaving a plurality of carbon fiber silk threads, so that the grounding electrode can have certain elasticity and flexible deformation capability, the grounding electrode positioned below the cross position of the two grounding electrodes can be deformed and flattened, a gap is not left between the electrode positioned above and the surface of the high-voltage electrode as far as possible, and the electrode is prevented from being burnt out due to filiform discharge caused by the gap. In addition, the grounding electrode is formed by weaving a plurality of carbon fiber wires, so that a plurality of tiny carbon fiber wire-shaped electrodes which are woven and wound mutually are formed, and the grounding electrode can be seen as a micro-electrode which can enable different cross-section positions of the grounding electrode to generate local currents with different instantaneous magnitudes, so that ionization discharge effects with different energy levels are formed at different positions, and the types and the quantity of generated ionized particles are greatly enriched. Meanwhile, a plurality of micro areas for generating and residing the ionized particles are formed by weaving among the carbon fiber threads, so that the generated ionized particles can slowly diffuse outwards along the surface of the grounding electrode. Therefore, compared with the structure of the whole grounding electrode, the structure mode can greatly improve the ionization treatment effect of the exhaust gas from multiple angles.
In the plasma discharge electrode, two ground electrodes 4 are sequentially wound in a vertically staggered manner or the same ground electrode is always wound below the staggered position.
The first winding mode is that the first grounding electrode presses the second grounding electrode at the first contact point, and the second grounding electrode presses the first grounding electrode at the second contact point, so that the contact performance of the grounding electrodes and the insulating layer can be improved, the electrodes are prevented from being burnt by filiform discharge due to gaps, and the safety is relatively high. And the second mode always keeps one grounding electrode below, so that the production and the manufacture can be more convenient.
In the plasma discharge electrode, two high temperature resistant insulated wires 5 are reversely wound outside two grounding electrodes.
This is because the two ground electrodes are alternately wound and then pressed at the positions of the staggered points, so that the part of each ground electrode between two adjacent staggered points generates a reverse outward expansion force. Although this force is very small, the ground electrode is constructed by weaving a plurality of carbon fiber filaments and is exposed to a very harsh high temperature ionization environment for a long period of time. Therefore, the force can cause the grounding electrode to easily bulge at the middle position between two adjacent staggered points, so that the inner side surface of the grounding electrode is not tightly contacted to generate a gap, and the outer side surface generates carbon fiber silk breakage. The electrode is burnt out by filiform power generation in the inner gap; the broken carbon fiber wires on the outer side bulge outwards to form burr protrusions, so that the glow discharge effect is poor. Therefore, after the two high-temperature-resistant insulated wires are reversely wound, the high-temperature-resistant insulated wires can pass through and press the middle position of the grounding electrode between two adjacent staggered points, so that the outward tension of the position is offset, the inner side of the grounding electrode is prevented from generating a gap, the outer side of the grounding electrode is better prevented from generating burr protrusions, and the phenomenon of point discharge is avoided. In addition, after two reverse high-temperature-resistant insulating wires are additionally wound, the high-temperature-resistant insulating wires and the grounding electrode can form a closed latticed convex area on the surface of the high-voltage electrode together, and the closed latticed area forms a reaction tank, so that ionized particles and harmful gas can be retained in the reaction tank for contact reaction, and the treatment is completed. Therefore, the improved structure can ensure the glow discharge effect of the electrode, greatly improve the ionization treatment effect and better prolong the service life of the electrode. When the high-temperature-resistant insulated wire is used, the difference between the two high-temperature-resistant insulated wires and the two grounding electrodes is 180 degrees, so that the two high-temperature-resistant insulated wires can just pass through and press the grounding electrodes to be positioned in the middle between two adjacent staggered points, and the effect is improved. Wherein the high temperature resistance means that the high temperature of the tail gas at 300-400 ℃ can be resisted.
Wherein, the high temperature resistant insulated wire 5 is a nylon wire. The diameter of the pipe can be selected to be 0.1mm when the pipe is implemented.
Has the advantages of good insulation effect, low cost and the like.
In summary, the above-mentioned solution also discloses a plasma discharge electrode structure capable of generating glow discharge effect, that is, two grounding electrodes are wound outside the high voltage electrode wrapped with insulating material to form a mutual interlaced double spiral winding arrangement structure. Meanwhile, the scheme for further optimizing and improving the electrode structure everywhere, and the advantages and effects of the scheme are all established on a single plasma discharge electrode.
When the plasma discharge electrode structure is implemented, the plasma discharge electrode structure can be prepared by the following preparation method, firstly, a high-voltage electrode wrapped with an insulating material is obtained, a grounding electrode formed by weaving a plurality of carbon fiber silk threads is obtained, then, one end of the grounding electrode is pulled to one side surface of a high-voltage electrode end along an inclined direction and is bonded and fixed, the high-voltage electrode is pulled along an axial direction and is kept to relatively rotate with the grounding electrode, a single grounding electrode is spirally wound to the other end of the high-voltage electrode and is then bonded and fixed on the side surface of the high-voltage electrode end, then, a second grounding electrode needing to be wound is fixed by taking the side surface of the high-voltage electrode end at the other end as a starting point, the high-voltage electrode is pushed reversely or pulled to move along the axial direction at the same speed to reset and is kept to relatively rotate with the grounding electrode in the same direction, so that the second grounding electrode is wound on the high-voltage electrode and is formed to be crossed with the first grounding electrode, and the second grounding electrode is cut off and is bonded and fixed at the end part of the starting end of the side surface of the high-voltage electrode after the second grounding electrode is wound to the starting end of the return high-voltage electrode.
Therefore, the cross winding of the two grounding electrodes can be realized only by driving the high-voltage electrode to make a round trip along the axial direction and keeping the same-direction rotation, and the device is very convenient, fast, efficient and reliable. And then the winding of the two high-temperature-resistant insulated wires can be realized in the same way.
When the plasma discharge electrode structure is implemented, the plasma discharge electrode structure can be prepared by adopting the electrode winding equipment shown in fig. 5-6, the electrode winding equipment comprises a base 7, the left side and the right side of the base 7 are respectively vertically and upwards provided with a fixed support 8, the middle part of the upper end in the middle of the fixed support 8 is respectively and relatively fixedly provided with a sliding sleeve 9 for allowing a high-voltage electrode to pass through, a rotating frame 10 which is integrally in a rectangular frame structure is rotatably arranged outside the two sliding sleeves 9 by virtue of a bearing, the inner ends, opposite to the two sliding sleeves 9, of the two sliding sleeves are arranged and penetrate through the inner side surface of the middle position of the rotating frame, the side of the rotating frame is also provided with a pulley steering mechanism 11 which is arranged in a staggered mode with the sliding sleeve, and the end part of the rotating frame is also provided with a wire roller installation mechanism 12.
Therefore, when the electrode winding equipment is used, the high-voltage electrode (wrapped by insulating materials) penetrates through the two sliding sleeves, the grounding electrode or the high-temperature-resistant insulating wire is mounted on the wire rolling mounting mechanism in a wire rolling mode, then the grounding electrode or the high-temperature-resistant insulating wire needing to be wound is led out from the wire rolling, the grounding electrode or the high-temperature-resistant insulating wire is made to be bonded and fixed to the starting end of the high-voltage electrode in the rotating frame after bypassing the pulley steering mechanism, and then only the high-voltage electrode needs to be pulled.
Wherein, a driven gear coaxial with the sliding cylinder is fixed on the rotating frame 10, and the driven gear is in transmission connection with a driving motor fixed on the rotating frame through a gear mechanism. Not shown in the figure.
When the rotating frame is too heavy and is difficult to realize rotation by means of reaction force, the rotating frame can be driven by the motor to realize rotation so as to conveniently finish winding.
Wherein, the front and back positions of the left and right sides of the rotating frame are respectively provided with a pulley steering mechanism 11. Thus, the four pulley steering structures can facilitate simultaneous arrangement and sequential winding of two ground electrodes and two high temperature resistant insulated wires. The two ends of the rotating frame are respectively provided with a wire roller mounting mechanism 12 which can mount two wire rollers. Therefore, the two grounding electrodes and the two high-temperature-resistant insulated wires can be conveniently arranged at the same time in a rolling mode.
The pulley steering mechanism 11 comprises a horizontally arranged pulley positioning bolt 13, the head of the pulley positioning bolt 13 can be vertically and slidably clamped in a dovetail groove vertically arranged on the inner side of the rotating frame, and a self-fixing nut 14 is screwed on the pulley positioning bolt and realizes the fixation of the pulley positioning bolt; a diverting pulley 15 is also movably sleeved on the pulley positioning bolt.
Thus, the vertical height position of the steering pulley can be changed and adjusted, and the winding angle can be adjusted.
Wherein, pulley positioning nuts 16 are respectively screwed on the pulley positioning bolts 13 at both sides of the diverting pulley 15.
In this way, the position of the diverting pulley on the pulley positioning bolt can be adjusted by means of the two pulley positioning bolts as required.
Wherein, a position adjusting spiral spring 17 is also connected and arranged between one side of the steering pulley and the corresponding pulley positioning nut.
Like this at earthed electrode through the winding in-process of diverting pulley, can exert an initial power to coil spring, rely on this power to let the winding in-process diverting pulley can be driven and realize the back and forth movement on the bolt, and then change diverting pulley's tensioning angle and tensile force repeatedly. And the resistance force of the spiral spring in the repeated expansion and contraction process can be gradually reduced until the steering pulley stops moving gradually, so that the tension force applied at each moment in the winding process can be different. Can make telluric electricity field on high voltage electrode every position compress tightly the degree inequality like this for telluric electricity field ionization effect that position produced everywhere is rich in the change, can generate more abundant kind's ionization particle, improves the waste gas ionization treatment effect. Especially, the grounding electrode is combined with the structural characteristic that a plurality of carbon fiber silk threads are woven to form, when the compression degree of the grounding electrode is changed, the carbon fiber silk threads are mixed and compressed to deform differently, so that more abundant ionized particle types are generated, and the waste gas treatment effect is greatly improved.
In conclusion, this device can arrange the boats and ships tail gas pipeline in, directly handles the high-temperature gas that produces through netted formula electrode structure of level, can effectual improvement pollutant treatment efficiency, and the device is simple moreover, and area is little, and the energy consumption is lower, and is energy-concerving and environment-protective for the operation cost is showing and is reducing. In addition, the device can also be used for treating the tail gas of other power equipment such as automobiles and the like.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preparing plasma discharge electrode includes obtaining high-voltage electrode wrapped by insulation material, obtaining grounding electrode formed by weaving multiple carbon fiber wires, pulling one end of grounding electrode to one side surface of high-voltage electrode in inclined mode and bonding and fixing it, pulling high-voltage electrode in axial direction and keeping it relatively rotating with grounding electrode, winding single grounding electrode spirally to another end of high-voltage electrode and bonding and fixing it on side surface of high-voltage electrode, fixing the second grounding electrode to be wound by using side surface of high-voltage electrode at another end as starting point, moving high-voltage electrode in reverse direction or pulling it to reset and keep it relatively rotating with grounding electrode in same direction by same speed to make the second grounding electrode be wound on high-voltage electrode and form cross arrangement with the first grounding electrode, cutting and bonding and fixing it on end of starting end of high-voltage electrode side surface after the second grounding electrode is wound to starting end of high-voltage electrode.
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| CN113171673A (en) | 2021-07-27 |
| CN113171673B (en) | 2022-09-09 |
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