CN115199652A - 用于食品应用的具有改进的后密封装置的支撑组件 - Google Patents
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- F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
- F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
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Abstract
一种支撑组件(1),用于活动轴、旋转轴或滑动轴(5),支撑组件(1)具有适于接纳活动轴的轴承单元(30)、外壳(3)和用于流体密封所述外壳(3)的内座(4)的开口(11)的盖(10);轴承单元(30)具有径向外圈(31)、径向内圈(34)以及在径向外圈(31)与径向内圈(34)之间的滚动体列(32);支撑组件(1)还设置有:后密封装置(50),放置在相对于盖(10)的相对侧,并且包括金属遮蔽件(51)和硫化橡胶衬里,硫化橡胶衬里配备有第一轴向外部密封唇(52)和第二轴向内部密封唇(53);后密封装置(50)包括与径向内圈(34)滑动接触的另一第三密封唇(54)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于食品应用的支撑组件,具有改进的后密封装置。特别是,支撑组件固定到机器框架并且用于借助于合适的轴承单元支撑活动轴(/可动轴),例如旋转轴。
新颖的内部密封***改善了在高压和高温下存在水和清洁剂的情况下的密封性能。
背景技术
众所周知,在食品工业(也称为“食品和饮料(/餐饮)”,或简称为“F&B”)中,人们对开发用于提高食品安全性和质量的新机器和机器设计的兴趣日益浓厚。
另外,众所周知,食品工业中使用的机器具有许多由旋转轴或可滑动轴支撑的运动部件,诸如传送带、搅拌器(/混合器)(mixer)和用于清洗新鲜食品的机器。
用于活动轴的支撑组件可以是终端型(terminal type)、容纳轴的终端,或者是贯穿型(through type)。这些支撑组件由外壳、轴承单元和盖形成,外壳通常为环形、具有用于固定到机器的基部或凸缘,轴承单元位于外壳内部并且联接到活动轴,盖通常为杯状、以压配联接到外壳,以这种方式使得盖的联接部分与外壳的径向外部侧向表面形成流体密封。在盖的相对侧,还设置有后密封装置,后密封装置包括金属遮蔽件,该金属遮蔽件上共模成型(/共成型/共模制)(co-moulded)有配备有多个密封唇的硫化橡胶元件。
在内部,除了后密封装置以及盖与外壳之间的前密封件之外,还设置另外的密封装置用于保护轴承单元,每个另外的密封装置包括金属遮蔽件,金属遮蔽件上共模成型有配备有多个密封唇的硫化橡胶元件。特别是,密封装置位于滚动体列的轴向外侧和轴向内侧。轴向外部密封装置通常由一对遮蔽件(其中,对应的密封唇彼此面对)形成,而轴向内部密封装置包括单个遮蔽件(也设置有具有密封唇的硫化橡胶元件)。
所有这些机器必须经常清洗,通常用已经添加清洁剂和/或消毒剂的水,以控制任何可能污染食物的细菌菌落(bacterial colony)的发展。特别是,这些机器必须不能具有污垢或者甚至洗涤水可以渗透和停滞的任何间隙或其他部位。这是因为液体或水分的停滞(stagnation)有利于可能的细菌增殖(proliferation)。
特别是,为了获得IPx9k测试认证,支撑组件必须承受高压热水射流。对已知解决方案进行的测试已经表明,支撑组件的与盖相对的后部不能承受测试规范设定的条件。换言之,对于以下指定的水条件,轴向内部密封件的唇不能确保密封:
·压力:80/100巴
·射流:10/15厘米
·温度:80℃
·流量:14/16升/分钟
·时间:2分钟。
大部分水通过后密封装置的唇进入组件的后部。特别是,高压水射流由于抬起(lift)后密封装置的唇而进入支撑组件的内部。更特别的是,由于高压水射流,第一唇(轴向外部的唇)被部分抬起,因为过盈(/干涉)小于第二轴向内部唇的过盈。第二唇的问题在于,归因于它的形状,第二唇由于橡胶的柔韧性而很容易被水抬起。该问题由于以下事实而进一步恶化:轴承单元在其轴向内部具有不太有效的密封装置。因此,通过支撑组件的后密封装置进入的水也进入轴承单元的内部,在轴承单元的内部,水到达润滑剂和保持架。因此,支撑组件不能通过认证测试。
因此,有必要限定一种提供能够解决或至少减轻上述缺点的新颖的设计解决方案的支撑组件。
发明内容
为了基本上解决上述技术问题,本发明的一个目的是限定一种新颖的用于食品应用的支撑组件,特别是用于旋转轴和固定到机器框架的对应的轴承单元的支撑组件。
为此目的,根据本发明的一方面,为了提高支撑组件在其内侧(也就是说,在盖的相对侧)的流体密封性能,目的是提高后密封装置的性能。因此,后密封装置设置有另一第三密封唇,与现有的密封唇不同,另一第三密封唇与径向内圈形成滑动接触,而不像其他两个唇那样与轴滑动接触。另一第三密封唇被设计为密封支撑组件的内部,并且成形为使得在测试期间或在任何操作条件下随着水压升高,第三密封唇所承受的对径向内圈的推力增加,因此该另一唇的密封效果变得较大。
因此,根据本发明,提供一种用于食品应用的支撑组件,其具有在本说明书所附的独立权利要求中陈述的特征。
本发明的进一步优选和/或特别有利的实施方式根据所附从属权利要求中陈述的特征进行描述。
附图说明
现在将参照示出本发明的实施方式的非限制性示例的附图描述本发明,其中:
-图1示出了通过根据本发明的实施方式的支撑组件的截面,
-图2以放大比例示出了图1的细节,以及
-图3示意性地示出了后密封装置的唇与支撑组件的旋转组件之间的滑动接触点。
具体实施方式
仅仅以非限制性示例的方式并且参照上述附图,数字1表示用于活动轴、旋转轴或可滑动轴(为简明起见,轴未示出)的支撑组件的整体。
支撑组件1包括轴承单元30,例如已知类型的滚动轴承单元,轴承单元30进而包括径向外圈31、径向内圈34以及介于所述圈之间的滚动元件列(/一列滚动体)32,诸如球。轴承单元30能够以已知的方式接纳活动轴5(诸如旋转轴),以支撑它。支撑组件1还包括外壳3,轴承单元30以稳定且已知的方式容纳在外壳3内。
支撑组件1特别是用于安装在用于食品工业的机器上。为此目的,外壳3具有用于以固定的方式安装在已知机器(特别是用于食品工业的机器,为简明起见未示出)的框架上的类型。外壳3具有环形的整体形状,并且被设计为能够以已知的方式将轴承单元30容纳在其内部,特别是容纳在贯通座4中。座4具有总对称轴线X,该总对称轴线X也是外壳3的对称轴线。
支撑组件1还包括用于流体密封外壳3的贯通座4的开口11的盖10。
用于外壳3的盖10整体上呈碗状并且包括底壁12、相对于底壁12横向延伸的环形侧向壁13以及朝向外壳3的联接部分14。
联接部分14是环形的并且被设计为在使用时在所述外壳的外侧在侧向上联接到外壳3。特别是,联接部分14成形为插座接头(/承窝接头)(socket joint)并且在径向上和在侧向上联接到外壳3的径向外部侧向表面16的外侧。
侧向表面16和联接部分14由回转体限定,并且具有共同的对称轴线,在示出的示例中,该对称轴线与盖10的对称轴线X(图1)重合,并且也是外壳3和贯通座4的对称轴线。
在整个本说明书和权利要求书中,表示诸如“径向”和“轴向”的位置和取向的术语和表述将被解释为关于轴承单元30的旋转中心轴线X。另一方面,诸如“轴向外部”和“轴向内部”的表述涉及支撑组件的组装状态,并且在本案中优选地分别涉及盖侧和与盖侧相对的一侧。
除了盖10与外壳3之间形成的流体密封之外,支撑组件1还设置有创新的后密封装置50,后密封装置50放置在盖10的相对侧,并且包括金属遮蔽件51,金属遮蔽件51上共模成型有配备多个密封唇的硫化橡胶衬里(/硫化橡胶内衬)(vulcanized rubber liner),下面将更充分地解释其形状和功能。
此外,出于保护轴承单元30的目的,在支撑组件1内部,还存在另外的密封装置,另外的密封装置中的每个也包括金属遮蔽件,该金属遮蔽件上共模成型有配备有多个密封唇的硫化橡胶元件。特别是,密封装置位于滚动体列32的轴向外侧和轴向内侧两者上。轴向内部密封装置包括单个遮蔽件55,该单个遮蔽件55上共模成型有具有多个密封唇的硫化橡胶衬里。遮蔽件55过盈(/干涉)(interference)安装到轴承单元30的径向外圈31上,并且与径向内圈34滑动接触。
另一方面,轴向外部密封装置包括第一遮蔽件56和第二遮蔽件57,第一遮蔽件56上共模成型有具有多个密封唇的硫化橡胶衬里,第二遮蔽件57上也共模成型有具有多个密封唇的硫化橡胶衬里。遮蔽件56过盈安装到轴承单元30的径向外圈31上,并且与径向内圈34滑动接触,而遮蔽件57过盈安装到径向内圈34上,并且没有与径向外圈31滑动接触。第一遮蔽件56和第二遮蔽件57的对应的多个唇彼此面对以在轴承单元30的轴向外侧形成一种迷宫密封或“沟槽密封(gutter seal)”。
根据本发明的一方面,为了提高支撑组件1在其轴向内侧(也就是说,在盖10的相对侧)的流体密封性能,设置后密封装置50,该后密封装置包括成形的金属遮蔽件51,金属遮蔽件51上共模成型有具有多个密封唇的硫化橡胶衬里。
特别是,第一轴向外部密封唇52和第二轴向内部密封唇53抵着旋转轴5提供密封。密封装置50过盈配合在外壳3上并且借助于第一密封唇52和第二密封唇53与轴5形成滑动接触。
此外,硫化橡胶衬里包括另一第三密封唇54,另一第三密封唇54不与轴5接触,而是与径向内圈34滑动接触。该另一第三密封唇54具有密封支撑组件1的内部的功能。事实上,另一第三密封唇54的位置使得随着测试期间或在任何操作条件下当水压升高,由该第三密封唇54所承受的对径向内圈34的推力增加,因此该另一唇的密封性能提高。
另外,在硫化橡胶衬里内,在存在密封唇的区域中,金属遮蔽件51成形并且设置有基本上圆柱形的径向内部部分51a,这在现有技术的遮蔽件中是不存在的。该圆柱形部分51a具有在设置密封唇的区域中加强后密封装置50的功能。
根据本发明的后密封装置具有三个主要特征。
如上所述,第一个特征是由于以下事实:另一第三密封唇54的位置和几何形状使得当水压增加时,由第三密封唇所承受的对径向内圈34的推力也增加,换言之,第三密封唇54与径向内圈34之间形成的过盈量(/干涉量)越大,该第三密封唇的密封性能将越好。
第二个特征是由于以下事实:金属屏蔽件51成形并且设置有基本上圆柱形的径向内部部分51a。这意味着在安装轴5的过程期间弯曲的第二密封唇53更加刚性,因为赋予后密封装置50刚性的金属遮蔽件51具有靠近第二密封唇53的该基本上圆柱形的部分51a。
第三密封唇54的引入必须以这样的方式进行,在整个后密封装置50的摩擦扭矩方面避免过大损失(penalty)。因此,当存在增加整个后密封装置50的摩擦损失的另一密封唇时,必须减小第二密封唇53的过盈(/干涉),以限制摩擦损失,同时还减少在轴5的安装期间的弯曲变形,如上所述。
然而,第三密封唇54由水压辅助,因此不需要与径向内圈34的高度过盈(/干涉)。该过盈值i54可以基本上等于第二密封唇53与轴5之间的过盈值i53的一半。换言之,以下条件必须为真的:
i54≈i53/2
特别地,第二密封唇(在已知应用中具有0.9mm的标称过盈值(nominalinterference value),公差为+0、-0.1mm)可以修改为具有0.7mm的标称过盈值i53,或在任何情况下在0.6mm至0.7mm的范围。
如所提到的,第三密封唇54可以具有较低的过盈值,同时仍然能够密封支撑组件1的整个内部。更确切地,标称过盈值i54可以等于0.45mm,或者在任何情况下在0.35mm至0.45mm的范围内。
本发明的第三个特征包括以下事实:在安装后密封装置50之后,第三密封唇54由于与径向内圈34的干涉而弯曲。另外,在安装轴5期间,第二密封唇53被抬起并因此弯曲。这意味着,在安装完成后,第二密封唇和第三密封唇彼此接近,并且第二密封唇与第三密封唇之间的距离变得非常小,从而减少水进入支撑组件1内部的可能性。此外,第三密封唇54的弯曲还与轴5形成小的额外迷宫,这防止水进入支撑组件1的内部。这个小迷宫可能停止存在并且变为与轴的滑动接触点C4。因此,后密封装置50提供多达四个滑动接触点,如在图3中可以看到的,即,第一密封唇52与轴5之间的第一滑动接触点C1、第二密封唇53与轴5之间的第二滑动接触点C2、第三密封唇54与径向内圈34之间的第三滑动接触点C3,以及可能的第三密封唇54与轴5之间的第四滑动接触点C4。在该构造中,由后密封装置50形成的防水屏障更加有效。
最后,这种新颖的解决方案提供了相当大的优势,其中可以提到以下几点:
·较好的后密封装置性能
·较高的抗污染性
·获得针对支撑组件的IPx9k认证
·改善整个支撑组件的密封性能。
除了上述本发明的实施方式之外,应理解存在许多其他变型。还应理解这些实施方式仅以示例的方式描述,并不限制本发明的目的、或其应用或其可能的构造。相反,虽然以上给出的描述能够使本领域技术人员根据本发明的实施方式的至少一个示例来实施本发明,但应理解,在不脱离本发明的目的的情况下,所描述的组件的许多变型是可能的,本发明的目的由所附权利要求限定、在字面上和/或根据其法律等同方案进行解释。
Claims (8)
1.一种支撑组件(1),用于活动轴、旋转轴或滑动轴(5),所述支撑组件(1)包括适于接纳所述活动轴的轴承单元(30)、外壳(3)和用于流体密封所述外壳(3)的内座(4)的开口(11)的盖(10);
所述轴承单元(30)包括径向外圈(31)、径向内圈(34)以及在所述径向外圈(31)与所述径向内圈(34)之间的滚动体列(32);
所述支撑组件(1)还设置有:
-后密封装置(50),放置在相对于所述盖(10)的相对侧,并且包括金属遮蔽件(51)和硫化橡胶衬里,所述硫化橡胶衬里在轴向外部配备有第一密封唇(52)并且在轴向内部配备有第二密封唇(53);
所述支撑组件(1)的特征在于,所述后密封装置(50)包括与所述径向内圈(34)滑动接触的另一第三密封唇(54)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的支撑组件(1),其特征在于,所述后密封装置(50)的金属遮蔽件(51)成形并在径向内部设置有基本上圆柱形部分(51a)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的支撑组件(1),其特征在于,在所述第三密封唇(54)与所述轴(5)之间存在迷宫密封。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的支撑组件(1),其特征在于,在所述第三密封唇(54)与所述轴(5)之间存在滑动接触(C4)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的支撑组件(1),其特征在于,所述后密封装置(50)实现四个滑动接触点:所述第一密封唇(52)与所述轴(5)之间的第一滑动接触点(C1)、所述第二密封唇(53)与所述轴(5)之间的第二滑动接触点(C2)、所述第三密封唇(54)与所述径向内圈(34)之间的第三滑动接触点(C3)以及所述第三密封唇(54)与所述轴(5)之间的第四滑动接触点(C4)。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的支撑组件(1),其特征在于,所述第三密封唇(54)与所述径向内圈(34)之间的过盈值(i54)基本上等于所述第二密封唇(53)与所述轴(5)之间的过盈值(i53)的一半。
7.根据权利要求6所述的支撑组件(1),其特征在于,所述第二密封唇(53)与所述轴(5)之间的过盈值(i53)在0.6mm至0.7mm之间的范围。
8.根据权利要求6所述的支撑组件(1),其特征在于,所述第三密封唇(54)与所述径向内圈(34)之间的过盈值(i54)包括在0.35mm至0.45mm之间的范围。
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DE2839584A1 (de) * | 1978-09-12 | 1980-03-20 | Kuhbier Gmbh & Co | Dichtungseinsatz fuer lagergehaeuse |
US5328276A (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1994-07-12 | Michel Linteau | Bearing mounting for shafts |
EP1065394A1 (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2001-01-03 | Rexnord Marbett S.p.A. | Flanged bearing housing for a shaft in a machine in general and a food-industry machine in particular |
JP4075469B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-23 | 2008-04-16 | 日本精工株式会社 | シール |
US7419305B2 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2008-09-02 | Reliance Electric Technologies Llc | Sealing system for bearing assembly |
JP2003161372A (ja) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-06-06 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | 密封装置 |
DE10209673A1 (de) * | 2002-03-05 | 2003-09-18 | Ina Schaeffler Kg | Rolle für einen Riementrieb |
JP2007132428A (ja) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-31 | Nachi Fujikoshi Corp | 転がり軸受 |
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