CN115152620A - Breeding method of drought-resistant high-quality millet - Google Patents
Breeding method of drought-resistant high-quality millet Download PDFInfo
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- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of drought-resistant high-quality millet, which comprises the steps of selecting a millet variety with excellent comprehensive properties, such as strong drought resistance, good disease resistance, short growth period (precocity), high yield and good grain yield, carrying out hybridization breeding, carrying out continuous generation combination on the millet with strong drought resistance, good disease resistance, short growth period (precocity), high yield and good grain yield, carrying out directional breeding, carrying out breeding under the growth environment of manual intervention, carrying out multiple combination on the millet variety with good comprehensive properties under the generation breeding, finally carrying out multiple-aspect identification on selected strains, ensuring the coordination and unification of drought resistance, disease resistance, precocity, high yield and stable yield, carrying out multiple-variety generation breeding through multiple-combination, carrying out comprehensive identification on the millet with excellent comprehensive properties, and comparing identification results, thereby breeding the high-quality millet variety with strong drought resistance, good disease resistance, short growth period (precocity) and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millet variety breeding, in particular to a breeding method of drought-resistant high-quality millet.
Background
Drought is a worldwide problem and is one of the most important abiotic factors for limiting global production, the normal growth and development of plants are seriously influenced by drought, the yield of crops is restricted, the dry land area of China accounts for 52.5 percent of the total land area of China, more than one hundred million tons of grains are lost due to drought every year, in order to deal with the threat of drought disasters, the genetic improvement on the drought resistance of the crops is urgent, and the identification of the drought resistance of the crop seed quality and the excavation of a drought resistance gene are the preconditions of drought resistance breeding;
millet, a plant of the family Gramineae, known as millet, also known as roof beam, an annual herb; thick and strong stem, less branch grates, long and narrow tippet-shaped blades, obvious middle and small veins and fine hair; panicle-like panicles; the spikelets cluster and gather on the third-level branch stalks, the spikelets basically have bristles, each spike is fruited by hundreds to thousands of grains, the grain size is extremely small, the diameter is about 0.1cm, the spikes are golden yellow after being generally mature, the spikes are oval-shaped, and the grains are mostly yellow. Peeling and then commonly called millet;
at present, the research on the drought resistance identification of the millet is mainly to perform comprehensive evaluation and index screening on the drought resistance of germplasm resources by a multivariate statistical analysis method in the germination stage, seedling stage and whole growth stage of the millet according to morphological indexes, physiological and biochemical indexes, yield indexes and the like, the yield of actual production seeds is crucial, the drought resistance of the millet in different growth stages is different, but the drought can affect the growth of the millet in each stage, and only breeding the millet variety with strong drought resistance, good disease resistance, short growth period (precocity) and high yield in the whole growth stage can be accepted by farmers, so that the drought resistance high-quality millet breeding method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a breeding method of drought-resistant high-quality millet, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following breeding stages of selecting millet with strong drought resistance and good disease resistance as a millet female parent, selecting early-maturing and high-yield millet as a male parent, hybridizing to obtain an F0 generation, and utilizing F0 generation millet seeds:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out continuous 2-4 generation selfing on F0 generation millet and carrying out excellent individual plant selection to obtain F2-4 generation millet excellent individual plants, and threshing the F2-4 generation millet excellent individual plants to obtain F3-5 generation millet seeds;
step two: planting millet seeds of F3-5 generations under the condition of artificial drought simulation, adopting methods of close planting, artificial inoculation and artificial shading water spraying in the later growth period to create a field microclimate beneficial to disease lodging, and selecting excellent single plants of the F3-5 generations for primary selection of drought resistance, disease resistance, growth period length, plant height and yield;
step three: measuring the excellent single plants selected in any generation in the second step, measuring the grain yield and thousand seed weight of the selected single plants, eliminating any generation in the second step with the grain yield lower than 75% or the thousand seed weight less than 2.5g, and finally hybridizing the remaining two generations to obtain an F6 generation;
step four: repeating the first step, the second step and the third step for 3 times to obtain F6a, F6b and F6c;
step five: and D, performing pairwise combination hybridization on the F6a, the F6b and the F6c obtained in the step four, finally measuring the obtained excellent single plant, and selecting the millet seeds with the optimal measurement result for breeding.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, before sowing in any one of the first to fifth steps, the millet seeds are aired for 2-3 days in sunny days at the temperature of 26-30 ℃ and the thickness of the flat spread millet seeds is 2-3cm, and the millet seeds are soaked in saline water for 10-25 minutes after being aired, wherein the concentration of the saline water is 10-30%.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the millet seeds floating in the salt water are screened out and eliminated, and the precipitated millet seeds are taken out and washed by clear water to be used as the millet seeds.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the excellent individual plant standard of the F2-4 generation millet in the step one is as follows: the growth period is less than 100 days, the plant height is more than 1.13m, the grain yield is more than 74 percent, and the thousand seed weight is more than 2.2g.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the drought pool specification of the artificial simulation drought in the second step: the length is 2-3m, the width is 1.4-1.8m, and the depth is 1-1.4m.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the drought resistance, adaptability, high yield, appearance quality and nutritional quality of the F6 generation strain obtained in the third step are identified.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the measurement selecting method in the fifth step: combining and hybridizing F6a, F6b and F6c in pairs to divide the regions into three regions, namely a first region is F6ab, a second region is F6ac, a third region is F6bc, selecting 10-20 individual plants in each region, and carrying out comprehensive measurement according to plant height, stem leaf dry weight, spike length, spike weight, spike grain number, thousand grain weight, individual plant spike grain weight and region yield.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the drought resistance, adaptability, high yield, appearance quality and nutritional quality of the obtained excellent single plant are finally identified in the fifth step, and the millet seeds with the identification result superior to that of the F6 generation are the bred drought-resistant high-quality millet.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention selects the millet variety with excellent comprehensive properties, such as strong drought resistance, good disease resistance, short growth cycle (precocity), high yield and good grain yield, to perform hybrid breeding, combines the millet variety with strong drought resistance, good disease resistance, short growth cycle (precocity), high yield and good grain yield with continuous generation, performs directional breeding, performs breeding in a growth environment with manual intervention, combines the millet variety with good comprehensive properties after generation breeding for multiple times, finally performs multi-aspect identification on the selected plant line, ensures the coordination and unification of drought resistance, disease resistance, precocity and high and stable yield, performs multi-variety combination and multi-variety generation breeding, selects the millet with excellent comprehensive properties to perform comprehensive identification, and compares the identification results, thereby selecting and breeding the high-quality millet variety with strong drought resistance, good disease resistance, short growth cycle (precocity) and high yield in the whole growth period.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention discloses a breeding method of drought-resistant high-quality millet, which adopts the technical scheme that millet with strong drought resistance and good disease resistance is selected as a millet female parent (such as Ji millet 20), premature and high-yield millet is selected as a male parent (such as Tong millet I), hybridization is carried out to obtain F0 generation, and F0 generation millet seeds are utilized to carry out the following breeding stages:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out continuous 2-generation selfing on F0 generation millet and carrying out excellent individual plant selection to obtain F2-4 generation millet excellent individual plants, and threshing the F2-4 generation millet excellent individual plants to obtain F3-5 generation millet seeds; the excellent individual plant standard of F2-4 generation millet is as follows: the growth period is less than 100 days, the plant height is more than 1.13m, the grain yield is more than 74%, and the thousand-grain weight is more than 2.2g;
step two: planting F3-5 generation millet seeds under the condition of artificial simulated drought, wherein the specification of a drought pool of the artificial simulated drought is as follows: the length is 2m, the width is 1.4m, the depth is 1m, a field microclimate beneficial to disease lodging is created by adopting a method of close planting, artificial inoculation and artificial shading and water spraying in the later growth period, and F3-5 generation excellent single plants are selected for primary selection on drought resistance, disease resistance, long growth period, plant height and yield;
step three: measuring the excellent single plants selected in any generation in the second step, measuring the grain yield and thousand seed weight of the selected single plants, eliminating any generation in the second step with the grain yield lower than 75% or the thousand seed weight less than 2.5g, and finally hybridizing the remaining two generations to obtain an F6 generation; identifying the drought resistance, adaptability, high yield, appearance quality and nutrition quality of the obtained F6 generation strain;
step four: repeating the first step, the second step and the third step for 3 times to obtain F6a, F6b and F6c;
step five: performing pairwise combination hybridization on the F6a, the F6b and the F6c obtained in the step four, finally measuring the obtained excellent single plant, and selecting the millet seeds with the optimal measurement result for breeding; combining and hybridizing F6a, F6b and F6c in pairs to divide the regions into three regions, namely a first region F6ab, a second region F6ac and a third region F6bc, selecting 10 individual plants in each region, and carrying out comprehensive measurement according to plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, spike length, spike weight, spike number, thousand kernel weight, individual spike kernel weight and region yield; finally, identifying the drought resistance, adaptability, high yield, appearance quality and nutritional quality of the obtained excellent single plant, wherein the millet seeds with the identification result superior to that of the F6 generation are the bred drought-resistant high-quality millet;
before any generation of the first to fifth steps is sowed, the millet seeds are aired for 2 days in sunny days at the temperature of 26 ℃ and the tiled thickness of the millet seeds is 2cm, and the millet seeds are soaked in saline water for 10 minutes after being aired, wherein the concentration of the saline water is 10 percent; screening out the millet seeds floating in the salt water, and taking out the precipitated millet seeds, and washing the millet seeds with clear water to be used as the millet seeds.
Example 2
The invention discloses a breeding method of drought-resistant high-quality millet, which adopts the technical scheme that millet with strong drought resistance and good disease resistance is selected as female parent of the millet, such as Jigu 21, premature and high-yield millet is selected as male parent, such as Handvalley I, and is hybridized to obtain F0 generation, and the F0 generation millet seeds are utilized to carry out the following breeding stages:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out continuous 2-4 generation selfing on F0 generation millet and carrying out excellent individual plant selection to obtain F2-4 generation millet excellent individual plants, and threshing the F2-4 generation millet excellent individual plants to obtain F3-5 generation millet seeds; the excellent individual plant standard of F2-4 generation millet is as follows: the growth period is less than 100 days, the plant height is more than 1.13m, the grain yield is more than 74%, and the thousand-grain weight is more than 2.2g;
step two: planting F3-5 generation millet seeds under the condition of artificially simulating drought, wherein the specification of a drought pool for artificially simulating drought is as follows: the length is 2.5m, the width is 1.6m, the depth is 1.2m, a field microclimate beneficial to disease lodging is created by adopting methods of close planting, artificial inoculation and artificial shading and water spraying in the later growth period, and F3-5 generation excellent single plants are selected for primary selection on drought resistance, disease resistance, growth period length, plant height and yield;
step three: measuring excellent single plants selected from any generation in the second step, measuring the grain yield and thousand grain weight of the selected single plants, eliminating any generation in the second step with the grain yield lower than 75% or the thousand grain weight less than 2.5g, and finally hybridizing the remaining two generations to obtain an F6 generation; identifying the drought resistance, adaptability, high yield, appearance quality and nutrition quality of the obtained F6 generation strain;
step four: repeating the first step, the second step and the third step for 3 times to obtain F6a, F6b and F6c;
step five: combining and hybridizing the F6a, the F6b and the F6c obtained in the fourth step pairwise, measuring the obtained excellent single plant, and selecting the millet seeds with the optimal measuring results for breeding; combining and hybridizing F6a, F6b and F6c in pairs to divide the regions into three regions, namely a first region F6ab, a second region F6ac and a third region F6bc, selecting 15 individual plants in each region, and carrying out comprehensive measurement according to plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, spike length, spike weight, spike number, thousand seed weight, individual spike seed weight and region yield; finally, identifying the drought resistance, adaptability, high yield, appearance quality and nutritional quality of the obtained excellent single plant, wherein the millet seeds with identification results superior to those of F6 generation are the bred drought-resistant high-quality millet;
before any generation of the first to fifth steps is sowed, the millet seeds are aired for 2.5 days in sunny days at the temperature of 28 ℃ and the tiled thickness of the millet seeds is 2.5cm, and the millet seeds are soaked in saline water for 18 minutes after being aired, wherein the concentration of the saline water is 15%; screening out the millet seeds floating in the salt water, and taking out the precipitated millet seeds, and washing the millet seeds with clear water to be used as the millet seeds.
Example 3
The invention discloses a breeding method of drought-resistant high-quality millet, which adopts the technical scheme that the millet with strong drought resistance and good disease resistance is selected as a female parent of the millet, such as Henan millet No. 9, the early-maturing and high-yield millet is selected as a male parent, such as Henan early No. 1, hybridization is carried out to obtain an F0 generation, and the F0 generation millet seeds are utilized to carry out the following breeding stages:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out continuous 2-4 generation selfing on F0 generation millet and carrying out excellent individual plant selection to obtain F2-4 generation millet excellent individual plants, and threshing the F2-4 generation millet excellent individual plants to obtain F3-5 generation millet seeds; the excellent individual plant standard of F2-4 generation millet is as follows: the growth period is less than 100 days, the plant height is more than 1.13m, the grain yield is more than 74%, and the thousand-grain weight is more than 2.2g;
step two: planting F3-5 generation millet seeds under the condition of artificial simulated drought, wherein the specification of a drought pool of the artificial simulated drought is as follows: the length is 3m, the width is 1.8m, the depth is 1.4m, a field microclimate beneficial to disease lodging is created by adopting methods of close planting, artificial inoculation and artificial shading water spraying in the later growth period, and F3-5 generation excellent single plants are selected for primary selection on drought resistance, disease resistance, growth period length, plant height and yield;
step three: measuring the excellent single plants selected in any generation in the second step, measuring the grain yield and thousand seed weight of the selected single plants, eliminating any generation in the second step with the grain yield lower than 75% or the thousand seed weight less than 2.5g, and finally hybridizing the remaining two generations to obtain an F6 generation; identifying the drought resistance, adaptability, high yield, appearance quality and nutrition quality of the obtained F6 generation strain;
step four: repeating the first step, the second step and the third step for 3 times to obtain F6a, F6b and F6c;
step five: performing pairwise combination hybridization on the F6a, the F6b and the F6c obtained in the step four, finally measuring the obtained excellent single plant, and selecting the millet seeds with the optimal measurement result for breeding; combining and hybridizing F6a, F6b and F6c in pairs to divide the regions into three regions, namely a first region F6ab, a second region F6ac and a third region F6bc, selecting 20 individual plants in each region, and carrying out comprehensive measurement according to plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, spike length, spike weight, spike number, thousand kernel weight, individual spike kernel weight and region yield; finally, identifying the drought resistance, adaptability, high yield, appearance quality and nutritional quality of the obtained excellent single plant, wherein the millet seeds with the identification result superior to that of the F6 generation are the bred drought-resistant high-quality millet;
before any generation of the first to fifth steps is sowed, the millet seeds are aired for 3 days in sunny days at the temperature of 30 ℃, the thickness of the spread millet seeds is 3cm, and the millet seeds are soaked in saline water for 25 minutes after being aired, wherein the concentration of the saline water is 30%; and (4) screening out the millet seeds floating in the salt water, and taking out the precipitated millet seeds, and washing the millet seeds with clear water to use as the millet seeds.
Components not described in detail herein are prior art.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications without inventive changes may be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for selectively breeding drought-resistant high-quality millet is characterized in that the millet with strong drought resistance and good disease resistance is selected as a female parent of the millet, premature and high-yield millet is selected as a male parent, hybridization is carried out to obtain an F0 generation, and the seeds of the F0 generation millet are utilized to carry out the following selective breeding stages:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out continuous 2-4 generation selfing on F0 generation millet and carrying out excellent individual plant selection to obtain F2-4 generation millet excellent individual plants, and threshing the F2-4 generation millet excellent individual plants to obtain F3-5 generation millet seeds;
step two: planting millet seeds of F3-5 generations under the condition of artificial drought simulation, adopting methods of close planting, artificial inoculation and artificial shading water spraying in the later growth period to create a field microclimate beneficial to disease lodging, and selecting excellent single plants of the F3-5 generations for primary selection of drought resistance, disease resistance, growth period length, plant height and yield;
step three: measuring the excellent single plants selected in any generation in the second step, measuring the grain yield and thousand seed weight of the selected single plants, eliminating any generation in the second step with the grain yield lower than 75% or the thousand seed weight less than 2.5g, and finally hybridizing the remaining two generations to obtain an F6 generation;
step four: repeating the first step, the second step and the third step for 3 times to obtain F6a, F6b and F6c;
step five: and D, performing pairwise combination hybridization on the F6a, the F6b and the F6c obtained in the step four, finally measuring the obtained excellent single plant, and selecting the millet seeds with the optimal measurement results for breeding.
2. The method for breeding the drought-resistant high-quality millet according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before any generation of the first to fifth steps is sowed, the millet seeds are aired for 2-3 days in sunny days at the temperature of 26-30 ℃, the thickness of the spread millet seeds is 2-3cm, and the millet seeds are soaked in saline water for 10-25 minutes after being aired, wherein the concentration of the saline water is 10% -30%.
3. The method for breeding the drought-resistant high-quality millet according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: screening out the millet seeds floating in the salt water, and taking out the precipitated millet seeds, and washing the millet seeds with clear water to be used as the millet seeds.
4. The method for breeding the drought-resistant high-quality millet according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the excellent individual plant standard of the F2-4 generation millet in the step I is as follows: the growth period is less than 100 days, the plant height is more than 1.13m, the grain yield is more than 74%, and the thousand-grain weight is more than 2.2g.
5. The method for breeding the drought-resistant high-quality millet according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step two, artificially simulating the specification of the drought pool of the drought: the length is 2-3m, the width is 1.4-1.8m, and the depth is 1-1.4m.
6. The method for breeding the drought-resistant high-quality millet according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and identifying the drought resistance, adaptability, high yield, appearance quality and nutritional quality of the F6 generation strain obtained in the third step.
7. The method for breeding the drought-resistant high-quality millet according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the measurement selection method of the step five comprises the following steps: combining and hybridizing F6a, F6b and F6c in pairs to divide the regions into three regions, namely a first region F6ab, a second region F6ac and a third region F6bc, selecting 10-20 individual plants in each region, and carrying out comprehensive measurement according to plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, spike length, spike weight, spike grain number, thousand grain weight, individual spike grain weight and region yield.
8. The method for breeding the drought-resistant high-quality millet according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and finally, identifying the drought resistance, adaptability, high yield, appearance quality and nutritional quality of the obtained excellent single plant in the fifth step, wherein the millet seeds with the identification result superior to that of the F6 generation are the bred drought-resistant high-quality millet.
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| CN111512961A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-11 | 晋中学院 | Breeding method of drought-resistant high-quality millet |
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| CN107047292A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-08-18 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A kind of selection of corn variety |
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