CN113080054B - Breeding method of corn hybrid - Google Patents
Breeding method of corn hybrid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn hybridization and discloses a method for breeding corn hybrids. The main technical characteristics are as follows: firstly, establishing a heterosis group and a heterosis mode, hybridizing a public inbred line Q319 with local germplasm 81162, selecting an optimal line by inbreeding 6 generations by adopting a pedigree method, culturing an inbred line balance H1027, belonging to a PB group multiplied by a Ruider group and being divided into a group A, backcrossing an externally introduced inbred line PH4CV variant with PH4CV, then inbreeding 5 generations to breed an inbred line balance HC705, and dividing the heterosis group pedigree into Iodent groups and belonging to a male parent group B; the newly introduced germplasm material is firstly tested, distributed, clustered and then selected, and then the line is selected circularly, the genetic character of F1 generation is stable, the single plant is self-crossed or backcrossed by an improved line, and the characters of F2 or BC1 generation are separated; and F3 generation planting ear rows, performing phenotype selection on the separated ear rows and individuals, and performing inter-population testing and matching rotation selection to finally obtain a new corn hybrid variety. Has the advantages of precocity, short stalk, lodging resistance and suitability for harvesting by a seed machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding corn hybrid.
Background
Corn is a cross-pollinated crop, a corn inbred line and another inbred line are combined to have good hybrid vigor, the hybrid vigor among the inbred lines in a group is weaker, the inbred system is called a hybrid vigor group, and two hybrid vigor groups with the hybrid vigor are collectively called a hybrid vigor mode. The heterosis mode is artificially formed by cycle improvement in order for breeders to better utilize germplasm and heterosis.
Corn is the first crop in China, ensures the grain safety and is the first general war requirement of China. The grains are safe and depend on the seed industry, and the excellent variety is the basis for obtaining high yield of the corn. Corn introduction and research in China are late, germ plasm foundation is weak, resources are not abundant, and breeding technical means is relatively lagged behind. The difference between the corn yield per unit and the American yield per unit is increased year by year, and breeding innovation, particularly basic original innovation, has a difference with the international advanced level.
The Huang-Huai-Hai area is a wheat-corn planting mode of double cropping in one year, the effective accumulated temperature is insufficient when the northern summer corn of Huang-Huai-Hai is harvested, the water content of the grains is high, and the physiological maturity is not reached; with the large-scale land management, the transfer of rural labor force to cities and towns and the whole mechanized development direction of agricultural production, the existing varieties have the defects of late maturity, high stalk, non-lodging and non-suitability for seed harvesting by a seed machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for breeding corn hybrid seeds which are early-maturing, short-stalk, lodging-resistant and suitable for being harvested by a seed machine.
In order to solve the problems, the breeding method of the corn hybrid adopts the technical scheme that:
the method comprises the following steps:
first, establishing heterosis group and heterosis mode
Hybridizing the domestic backbone inbred line 319 with the yew 81162, selecting an optimized line by inbred 6 generations by using a pedigree method, culturing an inbred line balance H1027, belonging to PB group x Ruider group and divided into A group,
backcrossing the PH4CV variant strain of the externally introduced inbred line with PH4CV, breeding an inbred line HC705 by 5 generations of subsequent inbred, and dividing the heterosis group line spectrum into Iodent groups which belong to a male parent B group;
second, the new germplasm material is first tested, distributed, clustered and selected
According to the heterosis mode, the heterosis group is used as a base material for improvement, new germplasm is continuously added by combining a parent matching theory and a genotype analysis result, the new germplasm material is laterally matched with a test line by using a pair of top-quality inbred lines of the heterosis group, the hybrid seeds are subjected to yield measurement and agronomic character investigation, preferred lines are selected in groups according to yield results, the yield of the hybrid seeds is increased by more than 3 percent compared with Zhengdan 958, the germplasm material has high matching force with the test seeds of the group B and is complementary with the excellent characters of the group A, the selected germplasm materials are divided into a group A of the heterosis group, and a preferred hybrid selection line is selected; similarly, compared with the hybrid of the test species of the group A, the hybrid of the new germplasm and the test species of the group A increases the yield by more than or equal to 3 percent by Zhengdan 958, and can make up the deficiency of the group B, the hybrid is divided into a group B of heterosis preferred hybrid selected lines;
thirdly, circularly selecting series
The genetic traits of the F1 generation are stable: selfing the single plant or backcrossing the single plant by using an improved line, wherein the place is a Huang-Huai sea area; f2 or BC1 generation character separation, adopting 1500 large groups and 6000 plants/mu high density selfing identification, selecting single plants with fast development in the seedling pulling period, low plant high ear position, early maturity, good fruit set, about 16 rows of ear rows, good stress resistance and thin bud leaves in the mature period for generation, wherein the place is Hainan; f3 generation planting ear rows, performing phenotype selection on the separated ear rows and individuals, eliminating the ear rows which do not meet the breeding target, selecting excellent fruit ears which have excellent agronomic characters and can be utilized by more than half of the inbred lines of each row, about 16 rows of ear rows, more than 200 ear grains for generation addition, and taking place in Huang-Huai-Hai;
fourthly, testing and matching round selection among groups
Selfing and testing for F4 generation: the inbred line is separated from characters and has stable transition to characters, and the target ear is selected for inbreeding and seed reservation in the F4 generation and is test-crossed with standard test seeds; when general combining ability and special combining ability of two groups need to be improved simultaneously, a pair of heterosis groups under the heterosis mode are alternately selected simultaneously, excellent inbred lines of the two heterosis groups are used as test seeds of the other group, combining determination of the combining ability and breeding new lines is carried out, plants are selected to be tidy in the mature period, the row number of clusters is about 16, the number of grains per ear is more than 200, more than half of usable clusters are arranged in each row, the self-bred clusters of the cluster are harvested and the matched clusters are measured, 3 self-bred clusters are selected from each selected cluster row for generation, and the F4 generation place is Hainan;
selfing and yield testing of the F5 generation: adding generations of the selected superior plants of the superior line, planting ears, selfing and harvesting the ears; performing a primary comparison test on the test cross combination in summer to identify the yield and the agronomic characters, wherein the planting density is 5000 plants/mu, the row length of a 2-row area is 5 m, the control variety is Zhengdan 958, and the low-temperature stress resistance is identified in a seedling stage through the green and purple auxiliary identification of plant leaves; the high-temperature stress resistance is identified in the flowering phase by assisting the vitality of leaves and pollen, the chlorophyll A content of tropical materials is high, the leaves are dark in color, the chlorophyll A content of temperate corn seeds is low, the lutein content is high, and the color is light; carrying out agronomic character identification and yield test on the hybrid seeds, screening the combination promotion with quick precocity dehydration, proper plant height spike position, lodging resistance and excellent agronomic character, finding out parent spike rows corresponding to F5 generations from the promotion combination, continuously adding generations of each spike row by taking about 3 spikes, and taking Huang-Huai-Hai as the F5 generation place;
f6 generation selfing and testing and matching: planting ear rows and selfing to retain ears for the parent progeny corresponding to the Jinjian combination, gradually stabilizing the characters of the progeny of the selfing selected line, testing and matching by using standard test seeds, selecting the optimal ear row in the maturity stage to harvest the selfing ears and test and match the ears, continuously adding 3 ears for each ear row, and taking the place of the F6 generation as Hainan;
selfing and yield testing of the F7 generation: the prepared hybrid combination is uniformly mixed, two different-place test points are planted in summer, 2 repeated identification tests are carried out on each test point, 5 m of line length is carried out in each repeated 2-line area, Zhengdan 958 is contrasted, the filial generation of the selected line continues to be inbred and stabilized, the hybrid combination is tested in a test field, the combination promotion multi-point identification test in summer of 2 years with excellent agronomic characters, Zhengdan 958 early maturity and lodging resistance stronger and the average yield increase rate more than or equal to 5 percent is preferably carried out, an F7 generation inbred line corresponding to the promotion combination is determined, 1 optimal ear is selected from 3 ears, generation addition and seed production are carried out continuously, and the F7 generation site is Huang-Huai sea;
f8 generation selfing and small seed production: taking more than 3 ears from 1 ear row optimized from the F7 generation, continuing to breed ear rows, adding generation, selfing and purifying, hybridizing with standard test seeds, preparing small seed production for multipoint identification in the 2 nd year, wherein the place is Hainan;
f9 generation selfing and multi-point identification: selecting and mixing the optimal ears for selfing, carrying out inbred line propagation, carrying out Hainan seed production to participate in a Huang-Huaihai summer corn multi-point identification test, carrying out investigation, determination and evaluation on yield and phenotypic characters under different soil environments, climatic conditions and management levels, preferably selecting a combination of average yield increase rate of more than or equal to 5%, yield increase point rate of more than or equal to 70%, early ripening and dehydration speed compared with a control, proper plant height and ear position, lodging resistance and disease resistance, promoting to participate in a high-level test, and taking place in Huang-Huaihai;
f10 generation breeding and seed production: carrying out self-bred breeding on the inbred line and the test strain which are preferentially bred, taking the inbred line and the test strain as parent stock seeds of the new hybrid, simultaneously carrying out seed production in Hainan, and participating in the advanced test in the second year, namely Hainan;
fifthly, breeding new corn varieties
Continuously taking part in a series of high-grade experiments to breed a new corn variety and an excellent inbred line.
Compared with the prior art, the breeding method of the corn hybrid provided by the invention has the following advantages:
the corn hybrid is hybridized with Heng H1027 (Qi 319/fluid 81162) as female parent and Heng HC705 (modified 4 CV) as male parent. Wherein the corn inbred line balance H1027 is obtained by continuous inbred 6-generation breeding of Qi 319/fluid 81162; the offspring of the selected lines of Qin 319/yeu 81162 are divided into heterosis group A. The HC705 is obtained by selfing 5 generations of hybrid strain F1 of PH4CV as base material for backcross 1 generation (F1 BC 1) of PH4 CV. The heterosis group with PH4CV as core is divided into B groups.
Heng H1027 female parent Qi 319 is an inbred line which is separated and bred in 1990 by taking an introductive hybrid 78599 as a basic material at the corn research institute of the farm academy of Shandong province and belongs to a PB group; belongs to medium-aged seeds; the seedling growth potential is strong, the leaf sheath is purple, the plant height is 170 and 180cm, and the ear position is 70 cm; the root system is developed, the stem is tough and high in lodging resistance; the fruit cluster is cylindrical, the length of the fruit cluster is 16cm, the thickness of the fruit cluster is 4.2cm, the number of rows of the fruit cluster is 14-16, the seed is yellow, the fruit cluster is intermediate, and the thousand seed weight is about 280 g; the disease resistance is strong. The inbred line contains a tropical genetic background and is called the PB population domestically. The PB group inbred line has multiple resistance sources, the outstanding stress resistance of the PB group inbred line is combined with the high combining ability of the backbone germplasm of the temperate zone of China, the favorable yield genes and other resistance genes of the germplasm of the tropical zone and the subtropical zone are more favorable for the full expression of the genes and other resistance genes in the hybrid, and the PB group inbred line is an important germplasm resource of the maize of China.
Heng H1027 male parent fluid 81162 is a superior maize inbred line which is bred in 1986 and is one of backbone maize inbred lines in China, and is made of short gold 525 × fluid 107 × 106 as a basic material in the agricultural department of Laizhou city, Shandong province. The inbred line has dark green seedlings, 165cm plant height, 60cm ear position height, compact plant type, dark green leaves, 18-20cm ear length, 4.0-4.3cm cob thickness, red cob, 12-14 rows of ear rows, hard grain type, orange red grain and 32-35g of hundred grain weight; the stem is thick and strong, the root system is developed, the lodging resistance is strong, and the corn head smut, the big spot, the small spot, the stem rot and the ear rot are resisted, which are expressed as big and early ear, short and big grain and good stem.
Balance H1027 characteristics: the plant has low high ear position, lodging and early maturing resistance, strong plant seedling stage, stress resistance and high combining ability, has strong heterosis with PH4CV group germplasm, and contains tropical high temperature resistance and drought resistance.
The Heng HC705 is a PH4CV modified line, the PH4CV is a male parent of Xian Yu 335, the Xian Yu 335 is a 2004 national examined variety, the PH4CV plant type is elegant, the general combining ability is high, the single plant yield is high, the seed grain is long, the quality is excellent, the fructification is good, no hollow stalk exists, and the dehydration is fast; has strong germination capacity in abnormal environment and is resistant to diseases and insect pests. Less tassel branches, harmonious male and female florescence and good pollen activity. Wherein the plant height of the constant HC705 is lower than that of the PH4CV plant, the leaf on the ear is narrower and upright than that of PH4CV, the tassel branch is increased by 1-2 than PH4CV, and the growth period is reduced by 2 days than that of PH4 CV.
The characteristic characteristics of the corn hybrid Hengyu 1702 prepared by using the self-selected Hengheng H1027 as a female parent and the PH4CV modified Hengheng HC705 as a male parent belong to the Huang-Huai-Hai-seeding early-maturing anti-lodging short-stalk corn variety. And finishing the test of the Hebei province union body area and the production test to be examined.
Character of the henna 1702: the young leaf sheath is light purple. The adult plant type is semi-compact, the plant height is 252 cm, the ear position is 86 cm, and the number of leaves of the whole plant is 19. The growing period of Hebei province is about 104 days, compared with Zhengdan 958, the early ripening is 4 days. About 10 tassels, light purple anther and light red filament. The fruit cluster is barrel-shaped, the cob is red, the ear length is 17.7 cm, the row number is 16 rows, and the bald tip is 1.6 cm. Yellow seeds, half horse teeth type, thousand seeds weighing 347.8 g, the seed yield is 86.9%. The average lodging rate of the two-year regional test is 0.9 percent, and the lodging rate is 0.4 percent. The average lodging rate of the production test is 0.4 percent, and the reverse rate is 0.5 percent.
The yield performance is as follows: in the year of 2019 and 2020, the average yield per mu of a two-year regional test is 737.0 kg, which is increased by 9.1 percent and the yield increasing point ratio is 90.3 percent compared with the control Zhengdan 958. In the same group of production tests in 2020, the average yield per mu of 739.9 kg is increased by 6.8 percent compared with the control Zhengdan 958, and the yield increasing ratio is 93.7 percent. The growth period is 104 days, and the male is precocious for 4 days compared with the control Zhengdan 958.
And (3) seed quality: the determination of the detection center for the variety quality of crops in Hebei province in 2020 shows that the volume weight is 752g/L, the crude protein (dry basis) is 9.45g/100g, the crude starch is 73.45 percent, and the crude fat is 4.25 percent.
Disease resistance: the plant protection research institute of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of Hebei province identifies that in 2019, the resistance to (HR) small leaf spot and fusarium graminearum stem rot are high; (R) curvularia leaf spot disease and tularemia are resisted; resistant to (MR) Fusarium graminearum head rot.
Detailed Description
The structure and the application principle of the method for breeding the maize hybrid of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The breeding method of the corn hybrid adopts the technical scheme that:
the method comprises the following steps:
first, establishing heterosis group and heterosis mode
Hybridizing the domestic backbone inbred line 319 with the yew 81162, selecting an optimized line by inbred 6 generations by using a pedigree method, culturing an inbred line balance H1027, belonging to PB group x Ruider group and divided into A group,
backcrossing the PH4CV variant strain of the externally introduced inbred line with PH4CV, breeding an inbred line HC705 by 5 generations of subsequent inbred, and dividing the heterosis group line spectrum into Iodent groups which belong to a male parent B group;
second, the new germplasm material is first tested, distributed, clustered and selected
According to the heterosis mode, the heterosis group is used as a base material for improvement, new germplasm is continuously added by combining a parent matching theory and a genotype analysis result, the new germplasm material is laterally matched with a test line by using a pair of top-quality inbred lines of the heterosis group, the hybrid seeds are subjected to yield measurement and agronomic character investigation, preferred lines are selected in groups according to yield results, the yield of the hybrid seeds is increased by more than 3 percent compared with Zhengdan 958, the germplasm material has high matching force with the test seeds of the group B and is complementary with the excellent characters of the group A, the selected germplasm materials are divided into a group A of the heterosis group, and a preferred hybrid selection line is selected; similarly, compared with the hybrid of the test species of the group A, the hybrid of the new germplasm and the test species of the group A increases the yield by more than or equal to 3 percent by Zhengdan 958, and can make up the deficiency of the group B, the hybrid is divided into a group B of heterosis preferred hybrid selected lines;
thirdly, circularly selecting series
The genetic traits of the F1 generation are stable: selfing the single plant or backcrossing the single plant by using an improved line, wherein the place is a Huang-Huai sea area; f2 or BC1 generation character separation, adopting 1500 large groups and 6000 plants/mu high density selfing identification, selecting single plants with fast development in the seedling pulling period, low plant high ear position, early maturity, good fruit set, about 16 rows of ear rows, good stress resistance and thin bud leaves in the mature period for generation, wherein the place is Hainan; f3 generation planting ear rows, performing phenotype selection on the separated ear rows and individuals, eliminating the ear rows which do not meet the breeding target, selecting excellent fruit ears which have excellent agronomic characters and can be utilized by more than half of the inbred lines of each row, about 16 rows of ear rows, more than 200 ear grains for generation addition, and taking place in Huang-Huai-Hai;
fourthly, testing and matching round selection among groups
Selfing and testing for F4 generation: the inbred line is separated from characters and has stable transition to characters, and the target ear is selected for inbreeding and seed reservation in the F4 generation and is test-crossed with standard test seeds; when general combining ability and special combining ability of two groups need to be improved simultaneously, a pair of heterosis groups under the heterosis mode are alternately selected simultaneously, excellent inbred lines of the two heterosis groups are used as test seeds of the other group, combining determination of the combining ability and breeding new lines is carried out, plants are selected to be tidy in the mature period, the row number of clusters is about 16, the number of grains per ear is more than 200, more than half of usable clusters are arranged in each row, the self-bred clusters of the cluster are harvested and the matched clusters are measured, 3 self-bred clusters are selected from each selected cluster row for generation, and the F4 generation place is Hainan;
selfing and yield testing of the F5 generation: adding generations of the selected superior plants of the superior line, planting ears, selfing and harvesting the ears; performing a primary comparison test on the test cross combination in summer to identify the yield and the agronomic characters, wherein the planting density is 5000 plants/mu, the row length of a 2-row area is 5 m, the control variety is Zhengdan 958, and the low-temperature stress resistance is identified in a seedling stage through the green and purple auxiliary identification of plant leaves; the high-temperature stress resistance is identified in the flowering phase by assisting the vitality of leaves and pollen, the chlorophyll A content of tropical materials is high, the leaves are dark in color, the chlorophyll A content of temperate corn seeds is low, the lutein content is high, and the color is light; carrying out agronomic character identification and yield test on the hybrid seeds, screening the combination promotion with quick precocity dehydration, proper plant height spike position, lodging resistance and excellent agronomic character, finding out parent spike rows corresponding to F5 generations from the promotion combination, continuously adding generations of each spike row by taking about 3 spikes, and taking Huang-Huai-Hai as the F5 generation place;
f6 generation selfing and testing and matching: planting ear rows and selfing to retain ears for the parent progeny corresponding to the Jinjian combination, gradually stabilizing the characters of the progeny of the selfing selected line, testing and matching by using standard test seeds, selecting the optimal ear row in the maturity stage to harvest the selfing ears and test and match the ears, continuously adding 3 ears for each ear row, and taking the place of the F6 generation as Hainan;
selfing and yield testing of the F7 generation: the prepared hybrid combination is uniformly mixed, two different-place test points are planted in summer, 2 repeated identification tests are carried out on each test point, 5 m of line length is carried out in each repeated 2-line area, Zhengdan 958 is contrasted, the filial generation of the selected line continues to be inbred and stabilized, the hybrid combination is tested in a test field, the combination promotion multi-point identification test in summer of 2 years with excellent agronomic characters, Zhengdan 958 early maturity and lodging resistance stronger and the average yield increase rate more than or equal to 5 percent is preferably carried out, an F7 generation inbred line corresponding to the promotion combination is determined, 1 optimal ear is selected from 3 ears, generation addition and seed production are carried out continuously, and the F7 generation site is Huang-Huai sea;
f8 generation selfing and small seed production: taking more than 3 ears from 1 ear row optimized from the F7 generation, continuing to breed ear rows, adding generation, selfing and purifying, hybridizing with standard test seeds, preparing small seed production for multipoint identification in the 2 nd year, wherein the place is Hainan;
f9 generation selfing and multi-point identification: selecting and mixing the optimal ears for selfing, carrying out inbred line propagation, carrying out Hainan seed production to participate in a Huang-Huaihai summer corn multi-point identification test, carrying out investigation, determination and evaluation on yield and phenotypic characters under different soil environments, climatic conditions and management levels, preferably selecting a combination of average yield increase rate of more than or equal to 5%, yield increase point rate of more than or equal to 70%, early ripening and dehydration speed compared with a control, proper plant height and ear position, lodging resistance and disease resistance, promoting to participate in a high-level test, and taking place in Huang-Huaihai;
f10 generation breeding and seed production: carrying out self-bred breeding on the inbred line and the test strain which are preferentially bred, taking the inbred line and the test strain as parent stock seeds of the new hybrid, simultaneously carrying out seed production in Hainan, and participating in the advanced test in the second year, namely Hainan;
fifthly, breeding new corn varieties
Continuously taking part in a series of high-grade experiments to breed a new corn variety and an excellent inbred line.
The corn hybrid is hybridized with Heng H1027 (Qi 319/fluid 81162) as female parent and Heng HC705 (modified 4 CV) as male parent. Wherein the corn inbred line balance H1027 is obtained by continuous inbred 6-generation breeding of Qi 319/fluid 81162; the offspring of the selected lines of Qin 319/yeu 81162 are divided into heterosis group A. The HC705 is obtained by selfing 5 generations of hybrid strain F1 of PH4CV as base material for backcross 1 generation (F1 BC 1) of PH4 CV. The heterosis group with PH4CV as core is divided into B groups.
Heng H1027 female parent Qi 319 is an inbred line which is separated and bred in 1990 by taking an introductive hybrid 78599 as a basic material at the corn research institute of the farm academy of Shandong province and belongs to a PB group; belongs to medium-aged seeds; the seedling growth potential is strong, the leaf sheath is purple, the plant height is 170 and 180cm, and the ear position is 70 cm; the root system is developed, the stem is tough and high in lodging resistance; the fruit cluster is cylindrical, the length of the fruit cluster is 16cm, the thickness of the fruit cluster is 4.2cm, the number of rows of the fruit cluster is 14-16, the seed is yellow, the fruit cluster is intermediate, and the thousand seed weight is about 280 g; the disease resistance is strong. The inbred line contains a tropical genetic background and is called the PB population domestically. The PB group inbred line has multiple resistance sources, the outstanding stress resistance of the PB group inbred line is combined with the high combining ability of the backbone germplasm of the temperate zone of China, the favorable yield genes and other resistance genes of the germplasm of the tropical zone and the subtropical zone are more favorable for the full expression of the genes and other resistance genes in the hybrid, and the PB group inbred line is an important germplasm resource of the maize of China.
Heng H1027 male parent fluid 81162 is a superior maize inbred line which is bred in 1986 and is one of backbone maize inbred lines in China, and is made of short gold 525 × fluid 107 × 106 as a basic material in the agricultural department of Laizhou city, Shandong province. The inbred line has dark green seedlings, 165cm plant height, 60cm ear position height, compact plant type, dark green leaves, 18-20cm ear length, 4.0-4.3cm cob thickness, red cob, 12-14 rows of ear rows, hard grain type, orange red grain and 32-35g of hundred grain weight; the stem is thick and strong, the root system is developed, the lodging resistance is strong, and the corn head smut, the big spot, the small spot, the stem rot and the ear rot are resisted, which are expressed as big and early ear, short and big grain and good stem.
Balance H1027 characteristics: the plant has low high ear position, lodging and early maturing resistance, strong plant seedling stage, stress resistance and high combining ability, has strong heterosis with PH4CV group germplasm, and contains tropical high temperature resistance and drought resistance.
The Heng HC705 is a PH4CV modified line, the PH4CV is a male parent of Xian Yu 335, the Xian Yu 335 is a 2004 national examined variety, the PH4CV plant type is elegant, the general combining ability is high, the single plant yield is high, the seed grain is long, the quality is excellent, the fructification is good, no hollow stalk exists, and the dehydration is fast; has strong germination capacity in abnormal environment and is resistant to diseases and insect pests. Less tassel branches, harmonious male and female florescence and good pollen activity. Wherein the plant height of the constant HC705 is lower than that of the PH4CV plant, the leaf on the ear is narrower and upright than that of PH4CV, the tassel branch is increased by 1-2 than PH4CV, and the growth period is reduced by 2 days than that of PH4 CV.
The characteristic characteristics of the corn hybrid Hengyu 1702 prepared by using the self-selected Hengheng H1027 as a female parent and the PH4CV modified Hengheng HC705 as a male parent belong to the Huang-Huai-Hai-seeding early-maturing anti-lodging short-stalk corn variety. And finishing the test of the Hebei province union body area and the production test to be examined.
Character of the henna 1702: the young leaf sheath is light purple. The adult plant type is semi-compact, the plant height is 252 cm, the ear position is 86 cm, and the number of leaves of the whole plant is 19. The growing period of Hebei province is about 104 days, compared with Zhengdan 958, the early ripening is 4 days. About 10 tassels, light purple anther and light red filament. The fruit cluster is barrel-shaped, the cob is red, the ear length is 17.7 cm, the row number is 16 rows, and the bald tip is 1.6 cm. Yellow seeds, half horse teeth type, thousand seeds weighing 347.8 g, the seed yield is 86.9%. The average lodging rate of the two-year regional test is 0.9 percent, and the lodging rate is 0.4 percent. The average lodging rate of the production test is 0.4 percent, and the reverse rate is 0.5 percent.
The yield performance is as follows: in the year of 2019 and 2020, the average yield per mu of a two-year regional test is 737.0 kg, which is increased by 9.1 percent and the yield increasing point ratio is 90.3 percent compared with the control Zhengdan 958. In the same group of production tests in 2020, the average yield per mu of 739.9 kg is increased by 6.8 percent compared with the control Zhengdan 958, and the yield increasing ratio is 93.7 percent. The growth period is 104 days, and the male is precocious for 4 days compared with the control Zhengdan 958.
And (3) seed quality: the determination of the detection center for the variety quality of crops in Hebei province in 2020 shows that the volume weight is 752g/L, the crude protein (dry basis) is 9.45g/100g, the crude starch is 73.45 percent, and the crude fat is 4.25 percent.
Disease resistance: the plant protection research institute of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of Hebei province identifies that in 2019, the resistance to (HR) small leaf spot and fusarium graminearum stem rot are high; (R) curvularia leaf spot disease and tularemia are resisted; resistant to (MR) Fusarium graminearum head rot.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples, and it is within the scope of the present invention that the method is the same or similar in structure to the method for breeding the corn hybrid of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The breeding method of the corn hybrid is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
first, establishing heterosis group and heterosis mode
Hybridizing the domestic backbone inbred line 319 with the yew 81162, selecting an optimized line by inbred 6 generations by using a pedigree method, culturing an inbred line balance H1027, belonging to PB group x Ruider group and divided into A group,
breeding a selfing line balance HC705, dividing a heterosis group pedigree into Iodent groups, and belonging to a male parent B group;
second, the new germplasm material is first tested, distributed, clustered and selected
According to the heterosis mode, the heterosis group is used as a base material for improvement, new germplasm is continuously added by combining a parent matching theory and a genotype analysis result, the new germplasm material is tested and matched by using a pair of top-quality inbred lines of the heterosis group, the hybrid seeds are subjected to yield measurement and agronomic character investigation, preferred lines are selected in groups according to yield results, the yield of the hybrid seeds is increased by more than 3 percent compared with Zhengdan 958, the germplasm material has high matching force with the test seeds of the group B and is complementary with the excellent characters of the group A, the selected germplasm material is divided into a heterosis group A, and a preferred hybrid selection line is selected; similarly, compared with the hybrid of the test species of the group A, the hybrid of the new germplasm and the test species of the group A increases the yield by more than or equal to 3 percent by Zhengdan 958, and can make up the deficiency of the group B, the hybrid is divided into a group B of heterosis preferred hybrid selected lines;
thirdly, circularly selecting series
The genetic traits of the F1 generation are stable: selfing the single plant or backcrossing the single plant by using an improved line, wherein the place is a Huang-Huai sea area; f2 or BC1 generation character separation, adopting 1500 large groups and 6000 plants/mu high density selfing identification, selecting single plants with fast development in the seedling pulling period, low plant high ear position, early maturity, good fruit set, about 16 rows of ear rows, good stress resistance and thin bud leaves in the mature period for generation, wherein the place is Hainan; f3 generation planting ear rows, performing phenotype selection on the separated ear rows and individuals, eliminating the ear rows which do not meet the breeding target, selecting excellent fruit ears which have excellent agronomic characters and can be utilized by more than half of the inbred lines of each row, about 16 rows of ear rows, more than 200 ear grains for generation addition, and taking place in Huang-Huai-Hai;
fourthly, testing and matching round selection among groups
Selfing and testing for F4 generation: the inbred line is separated from characters and has stable transition to characters, and the target ear is selected for inbreeding and seed reservation in the F4 generation and is test-crossed with standard test seeds; when general combining ability and special combining ability of two groups need to be improved simultaneously, a pair of heterosis groups under the heterosis mode are alternately selected simultaneously, excellent inbred lines of the two heterosis groups are used as test seeds of the other group, combining determination of combining ability and breeding new lines is carried out, plants are selected to be tidy in the mature period, the row number of clusters is about 16, the number of grains per ear is more than 200, more than half of usable clusters are arranged in each row, the self-bred clusters of the clusters are harvested and the matched clusters are measured, 3 self-bred clusters are selected for generation in each selected cluster, and the F4 generation place is Hainan;
selfing and yield testing of the F5 generation: adding generations of the selected superior plants of the superior line, planting ears, selfing and harvesting the ears; performing a primary comparison test on the test cross combination in summer to identify the yield and the agronomic characters, wherein the planting density is 5000 plants/mu, the row length of a 2-row area is 5 m, the control variety is Zhengdan 958, and the low-temperature stress resistance is identified in a seedling stage through the green and purple auxiliary identification of plant leaves; the high-temperature stress resistance is identified in the flowering phase by assisting the vitality of leaves and pollen, the chlorophyll A content of tropical materials is high, the leaves are dark in color, the chlorophyll A content of temperate corn seeds is low, the lutein content is high, and the color is light; carrying out agronomic character identification and yield test on the hybrid seeds, screening the combination promotion with quick precocity dehydration, proper plant height spike position, lodging resistance and excellent agronomic character, finding out parent spike rows corresponding to F5 generations from the promotion combination, continuously adding generations of each spike row by taking about 3 spikes, and taking Huang-Huai-Hai as the F5 generation place;
f6 generation selfing and testing and matching: planting ear rows and selfing to retain ears for the parent progeny corresponding to the Jinjian combination, gradually stabilizing the characters of the progeny of the selfing selected line, testing and matching by using standard test seeds, selecting the optimal ear row in the maturity stage to harvest the selfing ears and test and match the ears, continuously adding 3 ears for each ear row, and taking the place of the F6 generation as Hainan;
selfing and yield testing of the F7 generation: uniformly mixing the prepared hybrid combination, planting at two different test points in summer, carrying out 2 repeated identification tests at each test point, carrying out 5-meter row growth in each repeated 2-row area, contrasting Zhengdan 958, continuously selfing and stabilizing offspring of selected lines, testing the yield of the hybrid combination in a test field, selecting a combined promotion-grade multi-point identification test in summer of 2 years with excellent agronomic characters, better Zhengdan 958, stronger lodging resistance and average yield increase of more than or equal to 5%, determining F7 generation inbred lines corresponding to the promotion-grade combination, selecting 1 optimal ear row from the 3 ear rows, continuously adding generations and breeding, wherein the F7 generation site is Huanghuai sea;
f8 generation selfing and small seed production: selecting more than 3 ears from 1 ear row selected from F7 generation, further breeding the ear rows, performing generation addition, selfing and purification, hybridizing with standard test seeds, and preparing small seed production for multipoint identification in the 2 nd year, wherein the place is Hainan;
f9 generation selfing and multi-point identification: selecting and mixing the optimal ears for selfing, carrying out inbred line propagation, carrying out Hainan seed production to participate in a Huang-Huaihai summer corn multi-point identification test, carrying out investigation, determination and evaluation on yield and phenotypic characters under different soil environments, climatic conditions and management levels, selecting a combination with the average yield increase rate of more than or equal to 5%, the yield increase point rate of more than or equal to 70%, earlier maturity and dehydration speed compared with a control, proper plant height and ear position, lodging resistance and disease resistance, carrying out promotion to participate in a high-grade test, and taking place in Huanghuaihai;
f10 generation breeding and seed production: selecting excellent inbred lines and test seeds to carry out inbred propagation lines, using the inbred lines as parent stock seeds of the new hybrid seeds, simultaneously carrying out seed production in Hainan, and participating in the advanced test in the second year, Hainan;
fifthly, breeding new corn varieties
Continuously taking part in a series of high-grade experiments to breed a new corn variety and an excellent inbred line.
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