CN115149127A - Method for charging and discharging battery, electronic device, and storage medium - Google Patents
Method for charging and discharging battery, electronic device, and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN115149127A CN115149127A CN202110351902.XA CN202110351902A CN115149127A CN 115149127 A CN115149127 A CN 115149127A CN 202110351902 A CN202110351902 A CN 202110351902A CN 115149127 A CN115149127 A CN 115149127A
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010063385 Intellectualisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010710 LiFePO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Li] PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/448—End of discharge regulating measures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a battery charging and discharging method, an electronic device and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: in each charging and discharging process, judging whether the first capacity ratio of the battery is within a preset interval x or not; when the first capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or is larger than the preset interval x, charging and discharging the battery with the charge cut-off voltage as bV and the discharge cut-off voltage as aV; when the first capacity ratio of the battery is smaller than the preset interval x, the battery is charged and discharged after the charging cut-off voltage of the battery is respectively reduced to (b-d 1) V and the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery is reduced to (a-c 1) V until the first capacity ratio is larger than the preset interval x. According to the technical scheme, the high discharge capacity of the battery can be obtained and the high-temperature performance of the battery can be improved at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to a battery charging and discharging method, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
Background
At present, with the intellectualization and multifunctionalization of electronic equipment, the energy density of lithium ion batteries needs to be further improved. The development of anode materials for lithium ion batteries has become a technological trend from the graphite system to the silicon (Si) system. In view of the higher lithium (Li) potential of Si systems compared to graphite systems. Therefore, in the lithium ion battery, the voltage platform of the lithium ion battery is lower when the discharge of the Si system is cut off, and the lower voltage platform can influence the low-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery. Meanwhile, in the cyclic charge-discharge process, the polarization is increased, so that a part of polarization capacity loss is caused. Aiming at the problem, the method adopted at present is to reduce the polarization of the whole battery cell from the system design on one hand; another aspect is the improvement by lowering the cut-off voltage design, but the initial lowering of the cut-off voltage deteriorates the electrochemical performance of the Si system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a method for charging and discharging a battery, an electronic device and a storage medium, which can improve the performance of the battery.
An embodiment of the present application provides a method for charging and discharging a battery, the method including: in each charging and discharging process, judging whether the first capacity ratio of the battery is within a preset interval x or not; when the first capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or is larger than the preset interval x, charging and discharging the battery by taking the charge cut-off voltage as bV and the discharge cut-off voltage as aV; when the first capacity ratio of the battery is smaller than the preset interval x, the battery is charged and discharged after the charging cut-off voltage of the battery is respectively reduced to (b-d 1) V and the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery is reduced to (a-c 1) V until the first capacity ratio is larger than the preset interval x.
According to some embodiments of the present application, 2.5 V.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.3.4V, 4.0V.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.4.6V.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the first capacity ratio is a ratio of a discharge capacity of the battery during discharge from bV to 3.4V to a discharge capacity of the battery during discharge from bV to aV at a temperature T of the battery of 25 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the present application, 80% < x < 95%.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the values of c1 and d1 are related to the temperature T of the battery, and a relationship between c1, d1 and T satisfies: when T is less than 30 ℃, c1=0 and d1=0; t is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than 40 ℃, c1 is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.20, d1 is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.20; and when T is more than or equal to 40 ℃ and less than 55 ℃, c1 is more than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.30, d1 is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.30.
According to some embodiments of the application, the method further comprises: judging whether a second capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or not in the continuous use process of the battery; when the second capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or is larger than the preset interval x, charging and discharging the battery with the charging cut-off voltage of (b-d 1) V and the discharging cut-off voltage of (a-c 1) V; and when the second capacity ratio of the battery is smaller than the preset interval x, respectively reducing the charging cut-off voltage of the battery to (b-d 1-d 2) V and the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery to (a-c 1-c 2) V, and then charging and discharging the battery until the second capacity ratio is larger than the preset interval x.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the second capacity ratio is a ratio of a discharge capacity of the battery during discharge from (b-d 1) V to (3.4-c 1) V to a discharge capacity of the battery during discharge from (b-d 1) V to (a-c 1) V at a temperature T of the battery of 25 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the present application, 0.15 ≦ c2 ≦ 0.30,0.04 ≦ d2 ≦ 0.10.
According to some embodiments of the application, the method further comprises: stopping reducing the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage of the battery when the battery satisfies cutoff conditions including: the minimum value of the discharge cut-off voltage reaches 2.00V; or the minimum value of the charge cut-off voltage reaches 3.70V; or the capacity of the battery is reduced to 80% of the rated capacity.
Another embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device including: the charging and discharging method comprises a battery and a processor, wherein the processor is used for executing the charging and discharging method to charge and discharge the battery.
Another embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium having at least one computer instruction stored thereon, the computer instruction being loaded by a processor and used to perform the charging and discharging method as described above.
According to the charging and discharging method of the battery, when the temperature and the discharging capacity ratio of the battery in the charging and discharging using process reach preset conditions through monitoring, the charging cut-off voltage and the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery are gradually reduced. According to the method and the device, the battery can obtain capacity compensation, the risk of side reaction of the battery under high temperature and high voltage is synchronously reduced, and the problem of polarization risk caused by a low discharging platform of the Si system battery is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a battery charging and discharging method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of discharge capacities obtained by a graphite-based battery charging and discharging method and a silicon-based battery charging and discharging method at a battery temperature of 45 ℃.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a discharge curve obtained by using the charging and discharging method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the main elements
The following detailed description will explain the present application in further detail in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device 100 includes, but is not limited to, a memory 11, at least one processor 12, a battery 13, and an acquisition device 14, and the above elements may be connected via a bus or directly.
It should be noted that fig. 1 is only an example of the electronic device 100. In other embodiments, electronic device 100 may include more or fewer elements, or have a different configuration of elements. The electronic device 100 may be a cell phone, a tablet computer, a digital assistant, a personal computer, or any other suitable consumer rechargeable electronic product.
In one embodiment, the battery 13 is a rechargeable battery for providing power to the electronic device 100. For example, the battery 13 may be a lithium ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, or the like. The Battery 13 is logically connected to the processor 12 through a Battery Management System (BMS), so that functions such as charging and discharging are realized through the Battery Management System. The battery management System CAN be in communication connection with a Power Conversion System (PCS) through CAN or RS 485. The battery 13 includes one or more cells and an interposer. In one embodiment, the collecting device 14 is disposed at a tab welding position on the interposer for measuring the temperature of the interposer during charging or discharging of the battery 13. In one embodiment, the collection device 14 may be a Negative Temperature system (NTC) thermistor.
In one embodiment, the battery 13 includes three or four cells connected in series and parallel. The battery 13 may be repeatedly recharged in a cyclically rechargeable manner.
In the present embodiment, the battery 13 includes an anode sheet, a cathode sheet, a separator, and an electrolyte. Wherein the anode piece comprises an anode current collector and an anode active material layer coated on the anode current collector. The anode active material layer includes silicon (Si) or carbon (C). Forms of silicon include, but are not limited to, elemental Si, silicon oxy (SiO) x ) Silicon carbon (Si-C), and the like. Carbon (C) includes, but is not limited to, one or more mixed species of graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, and the like. In one embodiment, the ratio of silicon to carbon in the anode active material layer is 5% to 80%. The cathode active material in the cathode sheet includes, but is not limited to, cobaltLithium acid (LiCoO) 2 ) Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO) 4 ) Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNi) x Co y Mn 1-x-y O 2 ) Lithium nickel cobalt aluminate (LiNi) x Co y Al 1-x-y O 2 ) (0. Ltoreq. X, y. Ltoreq.1) and the like.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for charging and discharging a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The charging and discharging method of the battery is applied to the battery of the electronic device. The charging and discharging method of the battery comprises the following steps:
step S20: and in each charging and discharging process, judging whether the first capacity ratio of the battery is within a preset interval x.
In order to solve the problems of low anode discharge voltage platform and polarization of a silicon system battery, the embodiment of the application can adjust the charge-discharge interval of the battery according to the capacity ratio of the battery in the charging process or the discharging process, thereby maintaining the expansion (swelling) of the battery while utilizing the capacity of the silicon system battery
Balanced with performance.
In each charging and discharging process, whether the first capacity ratio of the battery is in a preset interval x is judged. If the first capacity ratio is within the preset interval x or greater than the preset interval x, executing step S21; if the first capacity ratio is smaller than the preset interval x, step S22 is performed.
In an embodiment provided by the present application, a discharge cutoff voltage of the battery is aV and a charge cutoff voltage is bV, in a charge-discharge interval (aV to bV) of the battery at the time of shipment. Wherein a is within the range of 2.5-3.4, and b is within the range of 4.0-4.6.
In one embodiment, the charging and discharging voltage range of the battery is (3.2V-4.45V).
In an embodiment provided by the present application, the first capacity ratio x is a ratio of a discharge capacity of the battery in a process from bV discharge to 3.4V to a discharge capacity of the battery in a process from bV discharge to aV when the temperature T of the battery is 25 ℃. In the present embodiment, the discharge capacity of the battery during discharge from bV to 3.4V and the discharge capacity of the battery during discharge from bV to aV can be calculated by an electricity meter.
Step S21: and when the first capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or is larger than the preset interval x, charging and discharging the battery by taking the charge cut-off voltage as bV and the discharge cut-off voltage as aV.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, if the first capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or is greater than the preset interval x, the charging and discharging interval of the battery does not need to be changed, that is, the charging cut-off voltage and/or the discharging cut-off voltage does not need to be changed, that is, the battery is charged and discharged with the initial charging cut-off voltage bV and the initial discharging cut-off voltage aV.
Step S22: when the first capacity ratio of the battery is smaller than the preset interval x, the battery is charged and discharged after the charging cut-off voltage of the battery is respectively reduced to (b-d 1) V and the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery is reduced to (a-c 1) V until the first capacity ratio is larger than the preset interval x.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, if the first capacity ratio of the battery is smaller than the preset interval x, the charging and discharging interval of the battery needs to be changed. Specifically, the charge cut-off voltage of the battery is respectively reduced to (b-d 1) V and the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery is reduced to (a-c 1) V, and the battery is charged and discharged by using the reduced charge cut-off voltage and discharge cut-off voltage until the first capacity ratio is greater than the preset interval x, that is, the first capacity ratio of the battery needs to be maintained to be greater than x. In some embodiments, 80% < x < 95%.
It should be noted that the values of c1 and d1 are related to the temperature T (which may refer to ambient temperature) of the battery, and the relationship between c1, d1 and T satisfies: c1=0, d1=0, at T < 30 ℃; t is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than 40 ℃, c1 is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.20, d1 is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.20; and when T is more than or equal to 40 ℃, c1 is more than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.30, d1 is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.30.
In other embodiments, 0.1. Ltoreq. C1. Ltoreq.0.50, 0.05. Ltoreq. D1. Ltoreq.0.50 at 40 ℃ or more and T < 55 ℃; and when the temperature T is more than or equal to 55 ℃, the battery is forbidden to be charged.
In one embodiment, when the temperature T of the battery is less than 30 ℃, the charging and discharging interval of the battery is not adjusted, i.e., c1=0 and d1=0, and the charging and discharging interval of the battery is maintained to be identical to the charging and discharging interval (aV to bV) at the time of shipment. Wherein a is more than or equal to 2.5 and less than or equal to 3.4, b is more than or equal to 4.0 and less than or equal to 4.6, and the capacity of the battery is kept as C. The capacity of the battery may be a charging capacity or a discharging capacity of the battery.
In one embodiment, if the temperature T of the battery is greater than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than 40 ℃, it is necessary to lower the charge cut-off voltage of the battery and the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery. In this case, c1 is in the range of 0.05. Ltoreq. C1. Ltoreq.0.20, and d1 is in the range of 0.05. Ltoreq. D1. Ltoreq.0.20.
In one embodiment, it is also desirable to reduce the charge cut-off voltage of the battery and the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery if the temperature T of the battery is greater than or equal to 40 ℃ and less than 55 ℃. In this case, c1 is in the range of 0.10. Ltoreq. C1. Ltoreq.0.30, and d1 is in the range of 0.05. Ltoreq. D1. Ltoreq.0.30.
It should be noted that the temperature of the battery 13 may be the temperature of the battery core of the battery, or may be the temperature of the transfer plate in the battery. When the temperature T of the battery changes, the charging and discharging interval of the battery needs to be changed, and the capacity C of the battery in the changed charging and discharging interval is ensured to be kept unchanged, namely the charging capacity or the discharging capacity C of the battery between the reduced charging cut-off voltage (b-d 1) V and the discharging cut-off voltage (a-C1) V is equal to the charging capacity or the discharging capacity C between the initial charging cut-off voltage (b-d 1) V and the discharging cut-off voltage (a-C1) V.
Note that the charge cut-off voltage describes a full charge cut-off voltage when the battery 13 reaches a full charge state. The full charge state describes that the battery system reaches a charge limit voltage when charged and reaches a preset charge cutoff current. The charge limiting voltage and the charge cutoff current may be fixed voltages and currents related to a battery system, or may be voltages and currents set according to customer requirements.
Step S23: and judging whether the second capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or not in the continuous use process of the battery.
In the present embodiment, the capacity ratio of the battery changes during use after the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery are reduced. Judging whether a second capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x, and if the second capacity ratio is within the preset interval or is larger than the preset interval, executing a step S24; if the second capacity ratio is smaller than the preset interval, step S25 is executed. Wherein the second capacity ratio is a ratio of a discharge capacity of the battery in a process of discharging from (b-d 1) V to (3.4-c 1) V to a discharge capacity of the battery in a process of discharging from (b-d 1) V to (a-c 1) V when the temperature T of the battery is 25 ℃.
Step S24: and when the second capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or is larger than the preset interval x, charging and discharging the battery with the charging cut-off voltage of (b-d 1) V and the discharging cut-off voltage of (a-c 1) V.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, if the second capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or is greater than the preset interval x, the charging and discharging interval of the battery does not need to be changed, that is, the charging cut-off voltage and/or the discharging cut-off voltage does not need to be changed. And charging and discharging the battery with a charge cut-off voltage of (b-d 1) V and a discharge cut-off voltage of (a-c 1) V.
Step S25: and when the second capacity ratio of the battery is smaller than the preset interval x, respectively reducing the charging cut-off voltage of the battery to (b-d 1-d 2) V and the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery to (a-c 1-c 2) V, and then charging and discharging the battery until the second capacity ratio is larger than the preset interval x.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, if the second capacity ratio of the battery is smaller than the preset interval x, the charging and discharging interval of the battery needs to be changed. Specifically, the charge cut-off voltage of the battery is respectively reduced to (b-d 1-d 2) V and the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery is reduced to (a-c 1-c 2) V, and the battery is charged and discharged by using the reduced charge cut-off voltage and discharge cut-off voltage until the second capacity ratio is greater than the preset interval x, namely the second capacity ratio of the battery needs to be maintained to be greater than the preset interval x. In some embodiments, 80% < x < 95%. Wherein c2 is more than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.30, d2 is more than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.10.
Step S26: and if the battery meets the cut-off condition, stopping reducing the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery.
It will be appreciated that the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage of the battery 13 are not reduced at all times during continued use of the battery 13. If the battery 13 satisfies the cutoff condition, the decrease of the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage of the battery 13 is stopped.
Specifically, the cutoff conditions include: the minimum value of the discharge cut-off voltage reaches 2.00V; or the minimum value of the charge cut-off voltage reaches 3.70V; or the capacity of the battery is reduced to 80% of the rated capacity. As long as one of the cutoff conditions is satisfied, the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage of the battery 13 are not lowered.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the following describes the charging and discharging method of the battery in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
When the battery is prepared, the cathode pole piece, the isolating membrane and the anode pole piece which are sequentially stacked are wound or stacked according to the production requirement. The isolating membrane is used for separating a cathode pole piece and an anode pole piece, the wound electrode assembly is packaged with an aluminum-plastic membrane outside, then electrolyte is injected, and a finished product of battery cell monomers can be obtained after vacuum baking and formation, and the battery can be obtained after a plurality of battery cell monomers are connected in series and in parallel.
In one example, the charge/discharge intervals of the graphite-based battery under different battery temperature conditions are shown in table 1. When the temperature T of the battery is less than 30 ℃, the charging and discharging interval of the graphite system battery is 3.20V-4.45V; when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than 40 ℃, the charging and discharging interval of the graphite system battery is 3.20V-4.43V; when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 40 ℃ and less than 55 ℃, the charging and discharging interval of the graphite system battery is 3.20V-4.15V; and when the temperature is more than or equal to T and more than or equal to 55 ℃, the battery is forbidden to be charged.
TABLE 1 relationship table between charging and discharging voltage intervals and temperature of graphite system battery
| Temperature T (. Degree. C.) of the cell | Charging and discharging voltage interval (V) |
| T＜30℃ | 3.20V～4.45V |
| 30℃≤T＜40℃ | 3.20V～4.43V |
| 40℃≤T＜55℃ | 3.20V～4.15V |
| T≥55℃ | Inhibit charging |
The design of the charging and discharging voltage interval of the graphite system battery is designed, the adjustment condition of the charging and discharging voltage interval in the recycling process is shown in table 2, and when the temperature T of the battery is less than 30 ℃, the charging and discharging voltage interval of the whole life cycle is kept unchanged; when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than 40 ℃, the charging and discharging voltage interval of the battery is unchanged before the graphite system battery is subjected to charging and discharging cycles for 200 times; after 200 times of charge-discharge circulation, carrying out once voltage reduction, and after circulating for a certain number of times (more than 200 times), reducing the charge cut-off voltage to (b-0.05) V, and keeping the discharge cut-off voltage unchanged; when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 40 ℃ and less than 55 ℃, the charging and discharging voltage interval of the battery is unchanged before the graphite system battery is subjected to 100 charging and discharging cycles; performing primary voltage reduction between 100-200 times of charge-discharge cycles, reducing the charge cut-off voltage to (b-0.03) V, and keeping the discharge cut-off voltage unchanged; carrying out voltage reduction again between 100-200 times of charge-discharge cycles, reducing the charge cut-off voltage to (b-0.06) V, and keeping the discharge cut-off voltage unchanged; thus, the operation of reducing the charge cut-off voltage is executed according to the number of charge and discharge cycles;
TABLE 2 adjustment of charging and discharging voltage intervals of graphite-based batteries during use
According to the design of adjusting the charging and discharging voltage intervals of the graphite system battery in the using process in the table 2, the charging cut-off voltage of the graphite system battery is only singly adjusted under different temperature conditions, and the discharging cut-off voltage is not changed. For example, when the temperature T of the battery is less than 30 ℃, the charging and discharging interval of the lithium cobaltate/graphite system is 3.2V-4.45V, and the discharging capacity of the battery is defined as 100 percent; when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than 40 ℃, the charging and discharging interval of the battery 13 is reduced to 3.2V-4.43V, the discharging capacity of the battery is 97 percent, and only 3 percent of the capacity is sacrificed; when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 40 ℃ and less than 55 ℃, the charging and discharging interval of the battery 13 is reduced to 3.2V-4.15V, the discharging capacity of the battery is 91%, and only 9% of the capacity is sacrificed; and when the temperature is more than or equal to T and more than or equal to 55 ℃, the battery is forbidden to be charged. From this, it is found that in order to reduce the risk of side reactions in the graphite-based battery at high temperature and high voltage, the charge cut-off voltage of the graphite-based battery is reduced, and the capacity of the graphite-based battery is sacrificed.
In another embodiment, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage need to be adjusted under different battery temperature conditions for the charge and discharge voltage interval design of the Si-based battery. As shown in example 1 in table 3, when the temperature T of the battery is less than 30 ℃, the charge-discharge interval of the lithium cobaltate/silicon system battery is 3.2V to 4.45V, which defines the discharge capacity of the battery at this time as 100%; when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than 40 ℃, the charging and discharging interval of the battery 13 is reduced to 3.1V-4.43V, and the discharging capacity of the battery is kept at 100% without sacrificing the capacity; when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 40 ℃ and less than 55 ℃, the charging and discharging interval of the battery 13 is reduced to 2.8V-4.15V, the discharging capacity of the battery is 97 percent, and only 3 percent of the capacity is sacrificed; and when the temperature is more than or equal to T and more than or equal to 55 ℃, the battery is forbidden to be charged. As shown in fig. 3, the discharge capacity curve after 300 cycles of charging and discharging the battery using the method provided in example 1 at 45 ℃ is compared with the discharge capacity curve after 300 cycles of charging and discharging the battery using the charging and discharging method provided in the graphite-based battery, and example 1 can make the battery obtain about 6% capacity compensation by reducing the discharge cut-off voltage. According to the method provided by the embodiment 1 of the application, the battery can obtain capacity compensation by reducing the discharge cut-off voltage, the risk of side reaction under high temperature and high voltage is synchronously reduced, and the problem of polarization risk caused by a low discharge platform of the Si system battery is solved.
As shown in example 2 in table 3, when the temperature T of the battery is less than 30 ℃, the charge-discharge interval of the lithium cobaltate/silicon system battery is 3.2V to 4.45V, which defines the discharge capacity of the battery at this time as 100%; when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than 40 ℃, the charging and discharging interval of the battery 13 is reduced to 3.00V-4.40V, and the discharging capacity of the battery is kept at 100% without sacrificing the capacity; when the temperature of the battery is more than or equal to 40 ℃ and less than 55 ℃, the charging and discharging interval of the battery 13 is reduced to 2.75V-4.10V, the discharging capacity of the battery is 96%, and only 4% of the capacity is sacrificed; and when the temperature is more than or equal to T and more than or equal to 55 ℃, the battery is forbidden to be charged. As shown in fig. 3, when the discharge capacity curve of the battery after 300 cycles of charging and discharging by the method provided in example 2 at 45 ℃ is compared with the discharge capacity curve of the battery after 300 cycles of charging and discharging by the method provided in example 1, in example 2, the difference between the discharge cut-off voltage and the full charge cut-off voltage is 1% by further reducing the discharge cut-off voltage and the full charge cut-off voltage, and the cycle end is improved significantly, so that the side reaction at high temperature is reduced. By further reducing the discharge cut-off voltage and the charge cut-off voltage, the risk of side reactions at high temperature and high voltage is further reduced while ensuring the capacity compensation similar to that of example 1.
TABLE 3 adjustment of charging/discharging voltage intervals of examples 1 and 2 for Si-system batteries
Considering that the discharge voltage of the Si system battery is low, there is an influence factor of polarization. The embodiment of the application synchronously reduces the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage. The problem of capacity sacrifice caused by reduction of the charge cut-off voltage is solved, and the problem of lower low-voltage discharge capacity caused by polarization influence is solved. Specifically, the charge-discharge interval of the Si-based battery is initially defined to be 3.20V to 4.45V, and after 235 charge-discharge cycles, when a first capacity ratio of a discharge capacity of the battery when the voltage of the battery is discharged from 4.45V to 3.40V to a discharge capacity of the battery when the voltage of the battery is discharged from 4.45V to 3.20V is detected and calculated by an coulometer is less than or equal to 90%, first charge-discharge voltage interval adjustment is started, that is, the discharge cutoff voltage is reduced to 3.0V, and the charge cutoff voltage is synchronously reduced to 4.30V. The first capacity ratio of the discharge capacity of the battery when the voltage of the battery is discharged from 4.3V to 3.20V to the discharge capacity of the battery when the voltage of the battery is discharged from 4.30V to 3.00V after voltage reduction is more than 90 percent. After the first adjustment of the charge/discharge voltage interval of the battery 13, after 570 charge/discharge cycles using the battery according to the adjusted charge/discharge voltage interval, it is detected that the second capacity ratio is less than 90%, the second adjustment of the charge/discharge voltage interval is started, that is, the discharge cutoff voltage is reduced to 2.75V, and the charge cutoff voltage is synchronously reduced to 4.20V. The second capacity ratio of the discharge capacity when the voltage of the battery is discharged from 4.20V to 3.00V after voltage reduction to the discharge capacity when the voltage of the battery is discharged from 4.20V to 2.75V is more than 90 percent. With this logic, finally, when the discharge cutoff voltage of the battery 13 reaches 2.00V, or the charge cutoff voltage reaches 3.70V, or the capacity of the battery decreases to 80% of the rated capacity, the decrease of the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage of the battery is stopped. As shown in fig. 4, capacity compensation of the battery can be achieved by gradually lowering the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage of the battery, and synchronization also reduces the risk of side reactions of the battery at high temperature and high voltage.
The embodiment provided by the application can gradually reduce the charging cut-off voltage and the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery when the temperature and the discharging capacity ratio in the battery charging and discharging using process reach the preset conditions through monitoring, so that the capacity of the battery can be compensated, and the performance balance can be guaranteed.
Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the memory 11 may be an internal memory of the electronic device 100, that is, a memory built in the electronic device 100. In other embodiments, the memory 11 may also be an external memory of the electronic device 100, that is, a memory externally connected to the electronic device 100.
In some embodiments, the memory 11 is used for storing program codes and various data, and realizes high-speed and automatic access to programs or data during the operation of the electronic device 100.
The memory 11 may include random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, a Flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.
In one embodiment, the Processor 12 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any other conventional processor or the like.
The program code and various data in the memory 11 may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if they are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as separate products. Based on such understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the embodiments described above, for example, the steps in the method for charging and discharging the battery, may also be implemented by a computer program that can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and that, when being executed by a processor, can implement the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, U disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, read-Only Memory (ROM), or the like.
It is understood that the above described module division is a logical function division, and there may be other division ways in actual implementation. In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into the same processing unit, or each module may exist alone physically, or two or more modules are integrated into the same unit. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware form, and can also be realized in a form of hardware and a software functional module.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application and not for limiting, and although the present application is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. A method of charging and discharging a battery, the method comprising:
in each charging and discharging process, judging whether the first capacity ratio of the battery is within a preset interval x or not;
when the first capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or is larger than the preset interval x, charging and discharging the battery by taking the charge cut-off voltage as bV and the discharge cut-off voltage as aV;
when the first capacity ratio of the battery is smaller than the preset interval x, the battery is charged and discharged after the charging cut-off voltage of the battery is respectively reduced to (b-d 1) V and the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery is reduced to (a-c 1) V until the first capacity ratio is larger than the preset interval x.
2. The charge and discharge method according to claim 1, wherein 2.5 V.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.3.4V, and 4.0V.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.4.6V.
3. The charge and discharge method according to claim 2, wherein the first capacity ratio is a ratio of a discharge capacity of the battery during discharge from bV to 3.4V to a discharge capacity of the battery during discharge from bV to aV at a temperature T of the battery of 25 ℃.
4. The charge-discharge method according to claim 1, wherein 80% < x < 95%.
5. The charging and discharging method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the values of c1 and d1 are related to the temperature T of the battery, and the relationship between c1, d1 and T satisfies the following condition:
c1=0, d1=0, at T < 30 ℃;
t is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than 40 ℃, c1 is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.20, d1 is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.20; and
t is more than or equal to 40 ℃ and less than 55 ℃, c1 is more than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.30, d1 is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.30.
6. The charging and discharging method according to claim 5, further comprising:
judging whether a second capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or not in the continuous use process of the battery;
when the second capacity ratio of the battery is within the preset interval x or is greater than the preset interval x, charging and discharging the battery with the charge cut-off voltage of (b-d 1) V and the discharge cut-off voltage of (a-c 1) V;
and when the second capacity ratio of the battery is smaller than the preset interval x, respectively reducing the charging cut-off voltage of the battery to (b-d 1-d 2) V and the discharging cut-off voltage of the battery to (a-c 1-c 2) V, and then charging and discharging the battery until the second capacity ratio is larger than the preset interval x.
7. The charge and discharge method according to claim 6, wherein the second capacity ratio is a ratio of a discharge capacity of the battery during discharge from (b-d 1) V to (3.4-c 1) V to a discharge capacity of the battery during discharge from (b-d 1) V to (a-c 1) V at a temperature T of the battery of 25 ℃.
8. The charge-discharge method according to claim 6, wherein c2 is 0.15. Ltoreq. C2. Ltoreq.0.30, and d2 is 0.04. Ltoreq. D2. Ltoreq.0.10.
9. The charging and discharging method according to claim 6, further comprising: stopping reducing the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage of the battery when the battery satisfies cutoff conditions including:
the discharge cut-off voltage reaches a minimum value of 2.00V; or
The minimum value of the charge cut-off voltage reaches 3.70V; or
The capacity of the battery is reduced to 80% of the rated capacity.
10. An electronic device, comprising:
a battery; and
a processor for performing the charging and discharging method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to charge and discharge the battery.
11. A storage medium having stored thereon at least one computer instruction, wherein the instruction is loaded by a processor and adapted to perform a charging and discharging method according to any of claims 1 to 9.
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