CN115094338B - Hypereutectoid steel for steel rail and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hypereutectoid steel for steel rail and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115094338B CN115094338B CN202210890460.0A CN202210890460A CN115094338B CN 115094338 B CN115094338 B CN 115094338B CN 202210890460 A CN202210890460 A CN 202210890460A CN 115094338 B CN115094338 B CN 115094338B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
- C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel rail manufacturing, and provides steel for hypereutectoid steel rails and a preparation method thereof. The hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.8 to 0.9 percent, mn:1.0 to 1.1 percent, si:0.5 to 0.6 percent, cr:0.4 to 0.5 percent, nb:0.02 to 0.04 percent, ni:0.31 to 0.37 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities. The hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail can meet the requirement of mechanical properties and simultaneously reduce the fatigue crack growth rate of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel rail manufacturing, in particular to steel for hypereutectoid steel rails and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, pearlitic rails are widely used in railway departments, but in recent years, railway technology rapidly develops towards high load and high speed, and rail abrasion is accelerated due to heavy axle, high speed and high departure density. Compared with the traditional pearlitic steel rail, the hypereutectoid steel rail has higher strength, hardness and wear resistance, and has wider application prospect, but because of higher carbon content, the hypereutectoid steel rail has serious local embrittlement and cannot be applied to railways in a large scale.
The fatigue crack propagation rate is an important index for measuring the fatigue fracture of the steel rail, and is very important for the driving safety and the service life of the steel rail in the use process. Aiming at the problems of local embrittlement and higher fatigue crack growth rate of the current hypereutectoid steel rail in the use process, how to develop hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail with low fatigue crack growth rate becomes a problem to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides hypereutectoid steel for steel rails and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing hypereutectoid steel rail is high in local embrittlement and fatigue crack growth rate in the use process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides hypereutectoid steel for a steel rail, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c:0.8 to 0.9 percent, mn:1.0 to 1.1 percent, si:0.5 to 0.6 percent, cr:0.4 to 0.5 percent, nb:0.02 to 0.04 percent, ni:0.31 to 0.37 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The invention provides a preparation method of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail, which comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting and pouring according to the chemical components and the content of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail to obtain a steel ingot;
s2, forging the steel ingot to obtain a forging stock;
s3, austenitizing the forging stock;
and S4, sequentially performing first cooling, heat preservation and second cooling on the austenitized forging stock to obtain the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail.
Further, the smelting temperature in the step S1 is 1400-1600 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h.
Further, the forging temperature in the step S2 is 900-1100 ℃.
Further, in the step S3, the austenitizing treatment is to heat the room temperature to 900-1000 ℃ at a speed of 8-10 ℃/S, and keep the temperature for 15-20 min.
Further, the final temperature of the first cooling in the step S4 is 540-600 ℃, and the cooling rate of the first cooling is 5-8 ℃/S;
the heat preservation time is 30-60 s;
the final temperature of the secondary cooling is room temperature, and the cooling rate in the secondary cooling is 5-8 ℃/s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the Ni element microalloying hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail is adopted, and the heat preservation temperature and the heat preservation time of the cold speed before phase transformation and the phase transformation stage in the heat treatment process are controlled, so that the fatigue crack expansion rate of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail is reduced while the mechanical property requirement is met. Through detection, the technical scheme provided by the invention can control the fatigue crack growth rate of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail to be 7.6-7.8 m/Gc (delta k=10MPa.m) 1/2 ) And 13.2 to 13.5m/Gc (Δk=13.5 mpa·m) 1/2 ) And meets the use requirements of railway departments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a stress-strain graph of hypereutectoid steel for rail prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a-N of hypereutectoid steel for rail prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph of Δk-da/dN for hypereutectoid rail steels prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides hypereutectoid steel for a steel rail, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c:0.8 to 0.9 percent, mn:1.0 to 1.1 percent, si:0.5 to 0.6 percent, cr:0.4 to 0.5 percent, nb:0.02 to 0.04 percent, ni:0.31 to 0.37 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
In the invention, the chemical components in percentage by weight are preferably as follows: c:0.82 to 0.88 percent, mn:1.04 to 1.08 percent, si:0.52 to 0.57 percent, cr:0.43 to 0.49 percent, nb:0.03%, ni: 0.32-0.36%, S less than or equal to 0.001%, P less than or equal to 0.001%, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
In the present invention, the chemical components in weight percentage are further preferably: c:0.84 to 0.85 percent, mn:1.05 to 1.06 percent, si:0.53 to 0.55 percent, cr: 0.45-0.48%, nb:0.03%, ni:0.34 to 0.35 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The invention provides a preparation method of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail, which comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting and pouring according to the chemical components and the content of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail to obtain a steel ingot;
s2, forging the steel ingot to obtain a forging stock;
s3, austenitizing the forging stock;
and S4, sequentially performing first cooling, heat preservation and second cooling on the austenitized forging stock to obtain the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail.
In the invention, the smelting temperature in the step S1 is 1400-1600 ℃, preferably 1450-1550 ℃, and more preferably 1480-1520 ℃; the time is 1 to 3 hours, preferably 1.2 to 2.6 hours, and more preferably 1.5 to 2 hours.
In the present invention, the forging temperature in the step S2 is 900 to 1100 ℃, preferably 950 to 1050 ℃, and more preferably 970 to 1020 ℃; the forging stock is a square stock conventional in the art.
In the invention, the austenitizing treatment in the step S3 is to heat the room temperature to 900-1000 ℃ at a speed of 8-10 ℃/S, and keep the temperature for 15-20 min; the heating rate is preferably 9 ℃/s; the final temperature is preferably 920-970 ℃, and more preferably 930-960 ℃; the holding time is preferably 16 to 19 minutes, more preferably 17 to 18 minutes.
In the present invention, the final temperature of the first cooling in the step S4 is 540 to 600 ℃, preferably 550 to 590 ℃, and more preferably 560 to 580 ℃; the cooling rate in the first cooling is 5-8 ℃/s, preferably 6-7 ℃/s;
the heat preservation time is 30-60 s, preferably 35-55 s, and more preferably 40-50 s;
the final temperature of the second cooling is room temperature, and the cooling rate in the second cooling is 5-8 ℃/s, preferably 6-7 ℃/s.
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c:0.9%, mn:1.05%, si:0.55%, cr:0.47%, nb:0.028%, ni:0.33 percent, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific preparation steps of the steel for the hypereutectoid steel rail in the embodiment are as follows:
smelting the hypereutectoid steel rail steel for the steel rail for 3 hours at 1400 ℃ according to the chemical components and the content of the hypereutectoid steel rail steel, pouring the hypereutectoid steel rail steel for the steel rail to obtain a steel ingot, and forging the steel ingot into a forging stock at 1000 ℃; after the forging stock is heated to 900 ℃ at 9 ℃/s and austenitized, the temperature is kept for 18min, then the forging stock is cooled to 600 ℃ at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/s, then the forging stock is kept for 30s, and finally the forging stock is cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/s, so that the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail is obtained.
Example 2
The hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c:0.8%, mn:1.03%, si:0.57%, cr:0.49%, nb:0.03%, ni:0.36 percent, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific preparation steps of the steel for the hypereutectoid steel rail in the embodiment are as follows:
smelting the steel for the hypereutectoid steel rail for 2 hours at 1500 ℃ according to the chemical components and the content of the steel for the hypereutectoid steel rail, pouring the steel to obtain a steel ingot, and forging the steel ingot into a forging stock at 1100 ℃; after the forging stock is heated to 900 ℃ at 9 ℃/s and austenitized, the temperature is kept for 16min, then the forging stock is cooled to 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 8 ℃/s, and then the forging stock is kept for 40s, and finally cooled to room temperature at a cooling speed of 7 ℃/s, so that the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail is obtained.
Example 3
The hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c:0.85%, mn:1.07%, si:0.52%, cr:0.43%, nb:0.03%, ni:0.35 percent, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific preparation steps of the steel for the hypereutectoid steel rail in the embodiment are as follows:
smelting the hypereutectoid steel rail steel for the steel rail for 1h at 1600 ℃ according to the chemical components and the content of the hypereutectoid steel rail steel, pouring the hypereutectoid steel rail steel for the steel rail to obtain a steel ingot, and forging the steel ingot into a forging stock at 900 ℃; after heating the forging stock to 950 ℃ at 10 ℃/s and austenitizing, preserving heat for 15min, then cooling to 580 ℃ at a cooling rate of 7 ℃/s, preserving heat for 50s, and cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/s to obtain the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail.
Comparative example 1
The comparative hypereutectoid steel for steel rails comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c:0.9%, mn:1.07%, si:0.6%, cr:0.48%, nb:0.03%, ce:0.015%, ni:0.35 percent, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific preparation procedure of the hypereutectoid steel for steel rail of this comparative example is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The comparative hypereutectoid steel for steel rails comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c:0.9%, mn:1.1%, si:0.57%, cr:0.48%, nb:0.033%, ce:0.007%, cu:0.48 percent, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific preparation procedure of the hypereutectoid steel for steel rail of this comparative example is the same as in example 1.
Fig. 1 is a stress-strain graph of the hypereutectoid steel for steel rails prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, as can be obtained from fig. 1: the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail prepared by the invention has the advantages of optimal yield strength and tensile strength and best comprehensive mechanical property.
FIG. 2 is an a-N graph of hypereutectoid steel for steel rails prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2; FIG. 3 is a graph of Δk-da/dN of hypereutectoid rail steels prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and can be obtained by combining FIGS. 2 and 3: the fatigue cycle times and the fatigue crack growth rate of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail prepared by the invention are both superior to those of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and the addition of Ni element is the most obvious to improve the fatigue performance.
Performance testing
The mechanical properties and fatigue crack growth rates of the hypereutectoid rail steels prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured with reference to the TB/T2344-2012 requirements, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: results of Performance test of hypereutectoid rail steels prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2
As can be seen from Table 1, the hypereutectoid steel for rail prepared in example 1 has the best matching of mechanical properties and fatigue properties. The fatigue crack growth rate of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail prepared by the invention is 7.6-7.8 m/Gc (delta k=10 MPa ·)m 1/2 ) And 13.2 to 13.5m/Gc (Δk=13.5 mpa·m) 1/2 ) Compared with the traditional pearlitic steel rail, the fatigue crack growth rate of the steel for the hypereutectoid steel rail is obviously reduced while good mechanical properties are ensured. According to the requirements of TB/T2344-2012, the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail prepared by the invention can be used for railway transportation. It is seen from the combination of comparative examples 1 and 2 that the fatigue crack growth rate obtained by Ni microalloying the hypereutectoid rail steel is exhibited as optimal, which is significantly lower than that obtained by Ni-Ce microalloying and Cu-Ce microalloying.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. The hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c:0.8 to 0.9 percent, mn:1.0 to 1.1 percent, si:0.5 to 0.6 percent, cr:0.4 to 0.5 percent, nb:0.02 to 0.04 percent, ni:0.31 to 0.37 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the preparation method of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting and pouring according to the chemical components and the content of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail to obtain a steel ingot;
s2, forging the steel ingot to obtain a forging stock;
s3, austenitizing the forging stock;
s4, sequentially performing first cooling, heat preservation and second cooling on the austenitized forging stock to obtain hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail;
the final temperature of the first cooling in the step S4 is 540-600 ℃, and the cooling rate of the first cooling is 5-8 ℃/S;
the heat preservation time is 30-60 s;
the final temperature of the secondary cooling is room temperature, and the cooling rate in the secondary cooling is 5-8 ℃/s.
2. The method for producing hypereutectoid steel for steel rails as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, smelting and pouring according to the chemical components and the content of the hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail to obtain a steel ingot;
s2, forging the steel ingot to obtain a forging stock;
s3, austenitizing the forging stock;
s4, sequentially performing first cooling, heat preservation and second cooling on the austenitized forging stock to obtain hypereutectoid steel for the steel rail;
the final temperature of the first cooling in the step S4 is 540-600 ℃, and the cooling rate of the first cooling is 5-8 ℃/S;
the heat preservation time is 30-60 s;
the final temperature of the secondary cooling is room temperature, and the cooling rate in the secondary cooling is 5-8 ℃/s.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the smelting temperature in the step S1 is 1400-1600 ℃ for 1-3 hours.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the forging temperature in the step S2 is 900 to 1100 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the austenitizing treatment in the step S3 is performed by heating the room temperature to 900 to 1000 ℃ at a rate of 8 to 10 ℃/S, and maintaining the temperature for 15 to 20 minutes.
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