CN115074500A - Heat treatment method of methanol machine nozzle - Google Patents
Heat treatment method of methanol machine nozzle Download PDFInfo
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- CN115074500A CN115074500A CN202210796882.1A CN202210796882A CN115074500A CN 115074500 A CN115074500 A CN 115074500A CN 202210796882 A CN202210796882 A CN 202210796882A CN 115074500 A CN115074500 A CN 115074500A
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 291
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L Ferrous fumarate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a heat treatment method of a methanol machine nozzle, and relates to the technical field of metal processing. The heat treatment method comprises the following steps: filling solder into a nozzle of a methanol machine, then placing the nozzle in vacuum, treating the nozzle in three stages, raising the temperature to 500-520 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment; heating to 895-905 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment; heating to 1135-1145 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment; cooling to 955-965 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment, quenching by using nitrogen, and cooling to below 60 ℃; then placing the mixture in vacuum, heating the mixture to 545-555 ℃, and tempering the mixture for 4-5 hours; placing a methanol machine nozzle in ammonium chloride, treating in four stages under the atmosphere of ammonia gas, heating to 345-355 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment; heating to 545-555 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment; heating to 575-585 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment; and cooling and air cooling. According to the invention, by optimizing the processing technology of the methanol machine nozzle, the mechanical property of the methanol machine nozzle is improved and the service life of the methanol machine nozzle is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal heat treatment, in particular to a heat treatment method of a methanol machine nozzle.
Background
Along with the improvement of the national requirements on energy conservation and emission reduction, the development of a methanol engine is promoted. A methanol engine is an engine that uses methanol as a main fuel. The nozzle of the methanol machine belongs to a precise matching part, the working pressure of the nozzle of the methanol machine is generally high pressure or ultrahigh pressure, and the methanol fuel has stronger corrosion effect on the nozzle of the methanol machine. Therefore, the mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of the methanol turbine nozzle can affect the service performance and service life of the methanol turbine.
In the prior art, the mechanical strength of the nozzle of the methanol machine is basically ensured by adopting a high-strength material, and the reasonable processing technology of the nozzle of the methanol machine in the processing and manufacturing process directly influences the performance of a final product, so that the optimization of the processing technology of the nozzle of the methanol machine is also an important means for improving the mechanical strength and the corrosion resistance of the nozzle of the methanol machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat treatment method of a methanol machine nozzle, which is used for optimizing the processing technology of the methanol machine nozzle, improving the mechanical property of the methanol machine nozzle and prolonging the service life of the methanol machine nozzle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a heat treatment method of a methanol engine nozzle comprises the following steps:
brazing heat treatment: filling solder into a nozzle of a methanol machine, placing the nozzle in vacuum, and treating the nozzle in three stages, namely: heating to 500-520 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1-1.5 h; and a second stage: heating to 895-905 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1-1.5 h; and a third stage: heating to 1135-1145 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1.5-2 h;
quenching: cooling to 955-965 ℃, preserving heat for 1-1.5 h, quenching by using nitrogen of 5-10 bar, and cooling to below 60 ℃;
tempering treatment: placing a nozzle of a methanol machine in a vacuum furnace, heating to 545-555 ℃, and tempering for 4-5 hours;
nitriding treatment: placing a methanol machine nozzle in a well-type nitriding furnace, adding a proper amount of ammonium chloride, and treating in four stages under the condition of ammonia atmosphere, wherein the first stage comprises the following steps: heating to 345-355 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5-2 h; and a second stage: heating to 545-555 ℃, and preserving heat for 19-21 h; and a third stage: heating to 575-585 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 39-41 h; a fourth stage: cooling to 80-100 ℃, and air cooling.
According to the technical means, the methanol machine nozzle is directly cooled and quenched by gas after vacuum brazing heat treatment, so that the hardness of the core part of the methanol machine nozzle is effectively guaranteed, energy is saved, the production efficiency is improved, the comprehensive mechanical property of the methanol machine nozzle is effectively improved by controlling the quenching temperature, the tempering treatment is carried out after quenching, the hardness of the core part of the methanol machine nozzle can be effectively improved, the quenching stress is removed, meanwhile, the nitriding treatment process is carried out in stages, the temperature of the first stage is low, the surface of the methanol machine nozzle is fully activated, a passivation film on the surface of the methanol machine nozzle is removed, sufficient precondition is provided for the formation of a subsequent nitriding layer, the hardness and the depth of the nitriding layer are effectively guaranteed by controlling the nitriding temperature within a moderate range in the second stage, the formation of the nitriding layer is accelerated by further heating treatment in the third stage, and the hardness and the brittleness of the nitrided layer can be effectively controlled, the quality problems of cracks and the like caused by overhigh nitriding hardness are avoided, and various technical indexes of product requirements are met. Plays a key role in successfully developing and popularizing and applying the methanol machine.
Experimental research shows that if the temperature is controlled to be 545-555 ℃ in the second stage and the third stage, the formation time of the nitrided layer is too long and uneconomical, and the quality problems of cracking and the like of the nitrided layer are caused by too high nitriding hardness.
Preferably, the nitriding treatment is performed in a second stage so that the decomposition rate of ammonia is controlled to 59 to 60%.
The hardness and the depth of a nitrided layer can be further effectively controlled by controlling the ammonia decomposition rate of the nitriding treatment in the second stage, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the methanol engine nozzle is improved.
Preferably, in the nitriding treatment, the decomposition rate of ammonia is controlled to be 64 to 65% in the third stage.
The depth and hardness brittleness of a nitrided layer can be further effectively controlled by controlling the decomposition rate of ammonia in the third stage of nitriding treatment, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the methanol engine nozzle is improved.
Preferably, in the nitriding treatment, ammonia gas needs to be introduced before cooling in the fourth stage, so that the pressure in the ammonia gas atmosphere is higher than 1 atmosphere.
In the fourth stage of the nitriding treatment, the pressure in the ammonia atmosphere is controlled to be higher than 1 atmospheric pressure before cooling, so that the problem that the methanol machine nozzle is oxidized or deformed due to air entering is avoided, and the quality of the methanol machine nozzle is further effectively ensured.
Preferably, in the nitriding treatment, the ammonium chloride is anhydrous ammonium chloride powder, the methanol machine nozzles are placed in a well-type nitriding furnace, a proper amount of anhydrous ammonium chloride powder is added, and the gap between every two adjacent methanol machine nozzles is at least 5 mm.
Through the clearance between the adjacent methyl alcohol machine nozzle of control in anhydrous ammonium chloride powder, further effectively guaranteed in the first stage, the abundant activation on methyl alcohol machine nozzle surface to effectively guarantee that formation on follow-up nitrided layer is more even, promoted the quality of product.
Preferably, the quenching is performed by adopting 5bar nitrogen.
By controlling the pressure of nitrogen in the quenching process, the hardness of the nozzle core part of the methanol machine is further effectively ensured, and the adverse effect of air or other gases on the nozzle of the methanol machine is avoided.
Preferably, the material of the nozzle is 1Cr12Ni2 WMoVNb.
Preferably, the steel is quenched with nitrogen, cooled to 60 ℃ or lower, and then tempered within 0.5 h.
Preferably, before the nitriding treatment, machining treatment is carried out, and after the nitriding treatment is finished, a methanol machine nozzle needs to be cleaned and dried by compressed air.
Wherein, before machining, the methanol machine nozzle is a crude product, and after welding, quenching and tempering, machining is needed, and the machining aims at improving the roughness of the methanol machine nozzle and further improving the precision of the product.
Preferably, after the nitriding treatment, the hardness of the nitrided layer on the surface of the methanol machine nozzle is more than 851HV 1 The depth of the nitrided layer is more than 0.45 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the heat treatment method of the methanol machine nozzle of the invention directly cools and quenches by gas after the methanol machine nozzle is subjected to vacuum brazing heat treatment, thereby not only effectively ensuring the hardness of the core part of the methanol machine nozzle, but also saving energy and cost, improving production efficiency, effectively improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the methanol machine nozzle by controlling the quenching temperature, and carrying out tempering treatment after quenching, effectively improving the hardness of the core part of the methanol machine nozzle and removing quenching stress, meanwhile, carrying out the nitriding treatment process by stages, ensuring the first-stage temperature to be lower, fully activating the surface of the methanol machine nozzle to remove a passive film on the surface of the methanol machine nozzle, providing sufficient precondition for the formation of a subsequent nitriding layer, controlling the nitriding temperature and the ammonia decomposition rate to be in a moderate range in the second stage, effectively ensuring the hardness of the nitriding layer, and further carrying out temperature rise treatment in the third stage, the method accelerates the formation of the nitrided layer, can effectively control the hardness, depth and brittleness of the nitrided layer, avoids the quality problems of cracks and the like caused by overhigh nitriding hardness, effectively prolongs the service life of the product, and has popularization and application values in the technical field of metal heat treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a welding quenching and tempering furnace charging mode of a methanol machine nozzle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the nozzle of the methanol dispenser of the present invention during the nitridation process;
the welding method comprises the following steps of 1-bottom surface, 2-core part, 3-end surface, 4-welding tool and 5-welding flux.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification, wherein the following description is made for the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiments. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are illustrative of the invention only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
Example 1
A heat treatment method of a methanol engine nozzle comprises the following steps:
s1, brazing heat treatment: a needle valve body and a cooling sleeve of a methanol machine nozzle made of 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb materials are assembled and placed on a welding tool 4, corresponding welding flux 5 is filled at the contact part of the needle valve body and the cooling sleeve, then the needle valve body and the cooling sleeve are placed in a mode shown in figure 1, then the needle valve body and the cooling sleeve are placed in a vacuum brazing gas quenching furnace, firstly vacuum pumping is carried out, then the temperature is increased to 510 ℃ and kept for 60 minutes, then the temperature is increased to 900 ℃ and kept for 60 minutes, finally the temperature is increased to 1140 ℃ and kept for 120 minutes, and then the temperature is reduced to 960 ℃ and kept for 60 minutes;
s2, quenching: after the vacuum welding treatment is finished, directly introducing high-purity nitrogen gas of 5bar for quenching, cooling to below 60 ℃, discharging, and transferring to a vacuum tempering furnace within half an hour after the methanol machine nozzle is discharged;
s3, tempering: placing a nozzle of a methanol machine in a vacuum furnace, and tempering at 550 ℃ for 240-300 minutes;
s4, machining: carrying out machining after the tempering treatment is finished, cleaning all holes and the outer surface of the part after the machining is finished, and drying the part by using compressed air;
s5, nitriding treatment: placing the parts orderly, placing the parts in a furnace according to the mode shown in figure 2, keeping at least 5mm of gaps among the parts, then placing 0.63g/L (the proportion represents that 0.63g of anhydrous ammonium chloride powder is placed in a furnace with 1L) of anhydrous ammonium chloride powder into an iron container with a larger opening, and placing the anhydrous ammonium chloride powder in a dispersed manner according to 1/46L (the proportion represents that one iron container is placed in a furnace with 46L);
and (2) carrying out gas nitriding in a traditional well-type gas nitriding furnace, introducing ammonia gas to exhaust air in the furnace after charging, then immediately heating to 350 ℃ for heat preservation for two hours, then heating to 550 ℃, controlling the ammonia decomposition rate to 59-60%, preserving the heat for 20 hours, finally heating to 580 ℃, controlling the ammonia decomposition rate to 64-65%, preserving the heat for 40 hours, then introducing ammonia, keeping the positive pressure in the furnace (the pressure in the furnace must be more than 1 atmosphere), cooling to below 100 ℃, and taking out of the furnace for air cooling.
Example 2
A heat treatment method of a methanol engine nozzle comprises the following steps:
s1, brazing heat treatment: the needle valve body and the cooling jacket of the methanol machine nozzle made of 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb material are assembled and placed on a welding tool 4, corresponding welding flux 5 is filled at the contact part of the needle valve body and the cooling jacket, then the needle valve body and the cooling jacket are placed in a mode shown in figure 1, then the needle valve body and the cooling jacket are placed in a vacuum brazing gas quenching furnace, firstly vacuum pumping is carried out, then the temperature is raised to 515 ℃ and kept for 90 minutes, then the temperature is raised to 895 ℃ and kept for 90 minutes, finally the temperature is raised to 1135 ℃ and kept for 120 minutes, and then the temperature is lowered to 955 ℃ and kept for 90 minutes;
s2, quenching: after the vacuum welding treatment is finished, directly introducing 5bar of high-purity nitrogen gas for quenching, cooling to below 60 ℃, discharging, and transferring into a vacuum tempering furnace within half an hour after the nozzle of the methanol machine is discharged;
s3, tempering: tempering at 550 ℃ for 240-300 minutes;
s4, machining: carrying out machining after the tempering treatment is finished, cleaning all holes and the outer surface of the part after the machining is finished, and drying the part by using compressed air;
s5, nitriding treatment: orderly placing the parts, placing the parts in a furnace according to the mode shown in figure 2, keeping a gap of at least 5mm between the parts, then placing anhydrous ammonium chloride powder according to 0.7g/L, placing the anhydrous ammonium chloride powder in an iron container with a larger opening, and dispersedly placing the anhydrous ammonium chloride powder according to 1/50L;
and (3) introducing ammonia gas to exhaust air in the furnace after charging, immediately heating to 355 ℃ for two hours, then heating to 555 ℃, controlling the ammonia decomposition rate to 59-60%, keeping the temperature for 19 hours, finally heating to 585 ℃, controlling the ammonia decomposition rate to 64-65%, keeping the temperature for 39 hours, then introducing ammonia, keeping the positive pressure in the furnace (the pressure in the furnace must be more than 1 atmosphere), cooling to below 80 ℃, discharging, and air cooling.
Example 3
A heat treatment method of a methanol engine nozzle comprises the following steps:
s1, brazing heat treatment: a needle valve body and a cooling jacket of a methanol engine nozzle made of 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb material are assembled and placed on a welding tool 4, corresponding welding flux 5 is filled at the contact part of the needle valve body and the cooling jacket, then the needle valve body and the cooling jacket are placed in a mode shown in figure 1, then the needle valve body and the cooling jacket are placed in a vacuum brazing gas quenching furnace, the vacuum pumping is firstly carried out, then the temperature is increased to 520 ℃ and is kept for 80 minutes, then the temperature is increased to 905 ℃ and is kept for 80 minutes, finally the temperature is increased to 1145 ℃ and is kept for 120 minutes, and then the temperature is reduced to 965 ℃ and is kept for 80 minutes;
s2, quenching: after the vacuum welding treatment is finished, directly introducing 5bar of high-purity nitrogen gas for quenching, cooling to below 60 ℃, discharging, and transferring into a vacuum tempering furnace within half an hour after the nozzle of the methanol machine is discharged;
s3, tempering: tempering at 550 ℃ for 240-300 minutes;
s4, machining: carrying out machining after the tempering treatment is finished, cleaning all holes and the outer surface of the part after the machining is finished, and drying the part by using compressed air;
s5, nitriding treatment: orderly placing the parts, placing the parts in a furnace according to the mode shown in figure 2, keeping a gap of at least 5mm between the parts, then placing anhydrous ammonium chloride powder according to 0.66g/L, placing the anhydrous ammonium chloride powder in an iron container with a larger opening, and dispersedly placing the anhydrous ammonium chloride powder according to 1/48L;
and (3) introducing ammonia gas to exhaust air in the furnace after charging, immediately heating to 345 ℃ for two hours, then heating to 545 ℃, controlling the ammonia decomposition rate to 59-60% and keeping the temperature for 21 hours, finally heating to 575 ℃, controlling the ammonia decomposition rate to 64-65% and keeping the temperature for 41 hours, then introducing ammonia to keep the positive pressure in the furnace (the pressure in the furnace must be more than 1 atmosphere) and cooling to below 90 ℃, discharging and air cooling.
Detection assay
HV for the methanol injector nozzle subjected to heat treatment in examples 1 to 3 1 The depth and hardness of the nitrided layer at the seat surface 1 of the methanol engine nozzle were measured by HV 5 And (3) detecting the nitriding brittleness, and detecting the grain size and the metallographic structure of the core part 2 (the core part is the part of the methanol machine nozzle for removing the surface nitrided layer) of the methanol machine nozzle by using an optical microscope.
The detection result is as follows: the hardness of the 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb methanol machine nozzle subjected to heat treatment in examples 1 to 3 at the position of 0.05mm of the seat surface can reach 851HV 1 Above, the depth of the nitrided layer can reach 0.45mm (core part +50 HV) 1 ) The brittleness can reach 1 grade after grinding for 0.05mm, the nitrided vein shape can reach 2 grades, no nitrided crack exists, the hardness of the core part 2 can reach 308HV 1 The grain size of the core part 2 can reach 7 grades, and the nitriding deformation shrinkage from the seat surface 1 to the end surface 3 is within 0.05 mm.
In summary, the heat treatment method of the methanol engine nozzle of the invention directly cools and quenches the methanol engine nozzle after vacuum welding, effectively ensures the hardness of the core part of the methanol engine nozzle, effectively improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the methanol engine nozzle by controlling the quenching temperature, effectively improves the hardness of the core part of the methanol engine nozzle and removes the quenching stress by tempering after quenching, and simultaneously performs the nitriding treatment in stages, the temperature of the first stage is lower, so that the surface of the methanol engine nozzle is fully activated to remove the passivation film on the surface of the methanol engine nozzle, thereby providing sufficient precondition for the formation of the subsequent nitrided layer, and the second stage controls the nitrogen to be lowerThe chemical temperature and the ammonia decomposition rate are in a moderate range, the hardness and the depth of a nitrided layer are effectively ensured, the formation of the nitrided layer is accelerated by further heating treatment in the third stage, the hardness, the depth and the brittleness of the nitrided layer can be effectively controlled, the quality problems of cracks and the like caused by overhigh nitriding hardness are avoided, and the hardness of the seat surface of the 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb methanol machine nozzle at the position of 0.05mm can reach HV 851 through related detection 1 Above, the depth of the nitrided layer can reach 0.45mm (core part +50 HV) 1 ) The brittleness can reach 1 grade after grinding for 0.05mm, the nitrided vein shape can reach 2 grades, no nitrided crack exists, and the core hardness can reach 308HV 1 The grain size of the core part can reach 7 grades, the nitriding deformation shrinkage from the seat surface to the end surface is within 0.05mm, the good mechanical property of the product is ensured, the service life of the product is prolonged, and the method has popularization and application values in the technical field of metal heat treatment.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heat treatment method of a methanol engine nozzle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
brazing heat treatment: filling solder into a nozzle of a methanol machine, placing the nozzle in vacuum, and treating the nozzle in three stages, namely: heating to 500-520 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1-1.5 h; and a second stage: heating to 895-905 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1-1.5 h; and a third stage: heating to 1135-1145 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1.5-2 h;
quenching: cooling to 955-965 ℃, preserving heat for 1-1.5 h, quenching by using nitrogen of 5-10 bar, and cooling to below 60 ℃;
tempering treatment: placing a nozzle of a methanol machine in vacuum, heating to 545-555 ℃, and tempering for 4-5 h;
nitriding treatment: the nozzle of a methanol machine is placed in ammonium chloride, and is treated in four stages under the condition of ammonia atmosphere, wherein the first stage comprises the following steps: heating to 345-355 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5-2 h; and a second stage: heating to 545-555 ℃, and preserving heat for 19-21 h; and a third stage: heating to 575-585 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 39-41 h; a fourth stage: cooling to 80-100 ℃, and air cooling.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitriding treatment is performed in a second stage to control the decomposition rate of ammonia to 59-60%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitriding process is performed at a third stage so that the decomposition rate of ammonia is controlled to be 64 to 65%.
4. The method for heat-treating a methanol injector nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitriding treatment is performed by introducing ammonia gas to make the pressure in the ammonia gas atmosphere higher than 1 atmosphere before the temperature reduction in the fourth stage.
5. The method for heat-treating a methanol engine nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the nitriding treatment is performed by using anhydrous ammonium chloride powder as the ammonium chloride, the methanol engine nozzle is placed in the anhydrous ammonium chloride powder, and the gap between adjacent methanol engine nozzles is at least 5 mm.
6. The method for heat treating a methanol turbine nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quenching is performed by using 5bar nitrogen.
7. The method for heat treatment of a methanol turbine nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nozzle is made of 1Cr12Ni2 WMoVNb.
8. The method for heat-treating a methanol turbine nozzle as defined in claim 1, wherein the quenching is performed by nitrogen gas, and the tempering is performed within 0.5 hours after the quenching is performed to a temperature of 60 ℃ or lower.
9. The method for heat treatment of a methanol turbine nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein before nitriding treatment, machining treatment is further performed, and after the nitriding treatment, the methanol turbine nozzle is cleaned and dried by compressed air.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the hardness of the nitrided layer on the surface of the methanol nozzle is over 851HV after nitriding 1 The depth of the nitrided layer is more than 0.45 mm.
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