CN115057736A - Water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers and preparation method, application and application method thereof - Google Patents
Water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers and preparation method, application and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/30—Anti-agglomerating additives; Anti-solidifying additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers and a preparation method, application and application method thereof, wherein the raw material proportion of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers is determined according to the fertilizer requirement proportion of the cucumbers, and the fertilizer requirement proportion is as follows: the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1.0: 0.4: 1.6; the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 20-30 parts of potassium salt, 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0-5 parts of potassium chloride, 1-5 parts of water-soluble humate, 0.1-5 parts of citric acid, 0.2-5 parts of zinc lignosulfonate, 0-5 parts of calcium chloride, 0-5 parts of magnesium sulfate and 0-5 parts of borax. By adopting the method, the nutrient absorption rate can be improved, the root growth is promoted, and the quality and the yield of the cucumber are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers, and a preparation method, application and application method thereof.
Background
The cucumber is one of the main vegetables in summer in all parts of China, the cultivation history in China is long, and the cultivation technology of a greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse is popularized, so that the planting area and the yield of the cucumber in China are in front of the whole world. 2014-2020, the cucumber planting area in China is increased year by year from 118 to 127 ten thousand hectares, and meanwhile, the percentage of the cucumber planting area in the global area is also kept to be more than 54%. However, the cucumber root system has poor saline-alkali resistance, is favored but not tolerant, is easy to generate cork, has poor recovery capability after being injured, and is difficult to regenerate new roots after being broken, so the requirements on soil and fertilizer are higher.
During the long-term research and development process, the inventor of the application finds that: the existing production method of the potassium humate has the defects of large water consumption, high energy consumption and poor water solubility of the product, and can not meet the requirements of water-soluble fertilizers; the medium and trace elements in the fertilizer are easy to be solidified by phosphate radicals, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is reduced; the existing drip irrigation fertilizer is generally a powdery water-soluble fertilizer, but the powdery fertilizer has large specific surface area, is easy to adhere to connecting blocks in the transportation or stacking process, and has high hardening prevention difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the present application provides a water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumber for improving quality and yield of cucumber, and a preparation method, application and application method thereof, so as to solve at least some technical problems in the background art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application adopts a technical scheme that: the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers is provided, the raw material proportion of the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers is determined according to the fertilizer requirement proportion of the cucumbers, and the fertilizer requirement proportion is as follows: the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1.0: 0.4: 1.6; the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 20-30 parts of potassium salt, 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0-5 parts of potassium chloride, 1-5 parts of water-soluble humate, 0.1-5 parts of citric acid, 0.2-5 parts of zinc lignosulfonate, 0-5 parts of calcium chloride, 0-5 parts of magnesium sulfate and 0-5 parts of borax.
Preferably, the water-soluble humate is selected from at least one of water-soluble sodium humate, water-soluble potassium humate and water-soluble ammonium phosphate humate; the potassium salt is at least one of monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.
Preferably, the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 36 parts of urea, 20 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 6 parts of potassium sulfate, 26 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of potassium humate, 0.5 part of citric acid, 0.5 part of zinc lignosulfonate, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 2 parts of borax.
Preferably, the zinc lignosulfonate is obtained by reacting a sulfonated lignin aqueous solution with zinc sulfate by utilizing the chelating property of alkali lignin; the zinc lignosulfonate is used for complexing medium and trace elements so as to reduce the solidification of the medium and trace elements by phosphate radicals in the water-soluble humate.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers is prepared according to the fertilizer requirement preference for the growth of the cucumbers and the corresponding fertilizer requirement proportion, so that the cucumbers can obtain sufficient fertilizer nutrient supply in the vegetative growth period, and particularly in the 1 week, seedling stage, flowering and fruiting stage and fruit expansion stage after field planting, the nutrient absorption rate can be improved, the root growth is promoted, and the quality and the yield of the cucumbers are improved.
(2) The zinc lignosulfonate is obtained by reacting a sulfonated lignin water solution with zinc sulfate by utilizing the chelating property of alkali lignin, can provide a zinc element required by cucumber, is good in water solubility and stability and can improve nutrient absorption rate compared with an inorganic zinc compound.
(3) The zinc lignosulfonate effectively complexes the medium and trace elements, reduces the solidification of the medium and trace elements by phosphate radicals in raw materials, and improves the utilization rate of fertilizer.
(4) The raw materials of this application are water-soluble raw materials, therefore this application product is water-soluble entirely, and is not blockked up, can satisfy the needs of driping irrigation (or spout a little) fertilization, reduces irrigation water, promotes agricultural sustainable development.
(5) Because the water-solubility of this application product is good, easy plant absorption utilization behind the spraying crop surface can effectively supply the required nutrition of plant, increases the plant absorption efficiency, improves the fertilizer efficiency.
In order to solve the above technical problem, another technical solution adopted by the present application is: a preparation method of a special water-soluble fertilizer for cucumbers is provided, which comprises the following steps: determining the raw material ratio of the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers according to the fertilizer requirement proportion of the cucumbers, wherein the fertilizer requirement proportion is as follows: the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.0: 0.4: 1.6; weighing 30-40 parts of urea according to the proportion, heating and stirring until the urea is molten to obtain slurry A; mixing the slurry A with 20-30 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate and 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate which are weighed according to the proportion, heating and stirring until the mixture is molten to obtain slurry B, and overflowing the slurry B into a primary tank; adding 20-30 parts of potassium salt weighed according to the proportion into the primary tank, heating and stirring until the potassium salt is molten to obtain C slurry, and overflowing the C slurry into the secondary tank; adding 0-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0-5 parts of calcium chloride, 0-5 parts of magnesium sulfate and 0-5 parts of borax into the secondary tank according to the proportion, heating and stirring until the mixture is molten to obtain D slurry, cooling, drying and granulating to obtain granular fertilizer; adding 1-5 parts of water-soluble humate, 0.2-5 parts of zinc lignosulfonate, 0.1-5 parts of citric acid and 5-10 parts of water which are weighed according to the proportion into the secondary tank, heating and stirring until the water-soluble humate, the zinc lignosulfonate, the citric acid and the water are completely dissolved, and filtering to obtain a filtrate; and spraying the filtrate in a granular fertilizer, drying, and adding a plate-preventing agent and a surfactant to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers.
Preferably, the water-soluble humate is selected from at least one of water-soluble sodium humate, water-soluble potassium humate and water-soluble ammonium phosphate humate; the potassium salt is at least one of monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate; the surfactant is at least one selected from sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, stearic acid, lecithin, fatty glyceride and fatty polyoxyethylene amine.
Preferably, the zinc lignosulfonate is obtained by reacting a sulfonated lignin aqueous solution with zinc sulfate by utilizing the chelating property of alkali lignin; the zinc lignosulfonate is used for complexing medium and trace elements so as to reduce the solidification of the medium and trace elements by phosphate radicals in the water-soluble humate.
Preferably, the addition amount of the plate prevention agent accounts for 0.2-2% of the total weight of the fertilizer; the addition amount of the surfactant accounts for 1-2% of the total weight of the fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) this application is favorable to the distribution of microelement on the blade surface through adding surface active substance, can improve the hygroscopicity simultaneously, does benefit to the water-soluble that keeps the microelement, does benefit to diffusion and blade surface and root system infiltration.
(2) According to the application, the plate-preventing agent is added, and the fertilizer is set to be granular, so that the specific surface area of the fertilizer can be reduced, and the condition that the fertilizer is easy to adhere and connect blocks in the transportation or stacking process is avoided.
(3) The water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers, prepared by the method, can effectively supplement nutrients required by plants, increase the plant absorption efficiency, improve the quality and yield of the cucumbers, improve the fertilizer efficiency, meet the requirement of drip irrigation (or micro-spray) fertilization, reduce irrigation water, promote agricultural sustainable development and have wide market prospect.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application adopts another technical solution: the application of the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers or the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers prepared by the preparation method in planting the cucumbers is provided.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application adopts another technical solution that: the application method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers or the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers prepared by the preparation method is provided, and the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers is sequentially fertilized for 4 times in 1 week, a seedling stage, a flowering and fruiting stage and a fruit expansion stage after field planting, wherein the dosage of the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers per mu of each fertilization is 10-20kg, and a drip irrigation mode is adopted for each fertilization, so that the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers is diluted by 200-fold and 300-fold.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The embodiment of the application provides a water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers, wherein the raw material proportion of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers is determined according to the fertilizer requirement proportion of the cucumbers, and the fertilizer requirement proportion is as follows: the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1.0: 0.4: 1.6; the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts (for example, 30, 35, 40 parts) of urea, 20-30 parts (for example, 20, 25, 30 parts) of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 20-30 parts (for example, 20, 25, 30 parts) of potassium salt, 5-10 parts (for example, 5, 7, 10 parts) of ammonium sulfate, 0-5 parts (for example, 0, 2, 5 parts) of potassium chloride, 1-5 parts (for example, 1, 3, 5 parts) of water-soluble humate, 0.1-5 parts (for example, 0.1, 3, 5 parts) of citric acid, 0.2-5 parts (for example, 0.2, 3, 5 parts) of zinc lignosulfonate, 0-5 parts (for example, 0-5 parts) of calcium chloride, 0-3, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0-5 parts (for example, 0, 3, 5 parts) of borax, 0-5 parts (for example, 0, 3, 5 parts).
In certain embodiments, the water-soluble humate is selected from at least one of water-soluble sodium humate, water-soluble potassium humate, water-soluble ammonium phosphate humate. Wherein, in the water-soluble humate, the total humic acid content is more than or equal to 50 wt%, and K 2 O≥10％wt。
In certain embodiments, the potassium salt is selected from at least one of monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate.
In certain embodiments, the zinc lignosulfonate is obtained by reacting an aqueous solution of sulfonated lignin with zinc sulfate, utilizing the chelating properties of alkali lignin. The zinc lignosulfonate is used for complexing medium and trace elements so as to reduce the solidification of the medium and trace elements by phosphate radicals in the water-soluble humate.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers is prepared according to the fertilizer requirement preference for the growth of the cucumbers and the corresponding fertilizer requirement proportion, so that the cucumbers can obtain sufficient fertilizer nutrient supply in the vegetative growth period, and particularly in the 1 week, seedling stage, flowering and fruiting stage and fruit expansion stage after field planting, the nutrient absorption rate can be improved, the root growth is promoted, and the quality and the yield of the cucumbers are improved.
(2) The zinc lignosulfonate is obtained by reacting a sulfonated lignin water solution with zinc sulfate by utilizing the chelating property of alkali lignin, can provide a zinc element required by cucumber, is good in water solubility and stability and can improve nutrient absorption rate compared with an inorganic zinc compound.
(3) The zinc lignosulfonate effectively complexes the medium and trace elements, reduces the solidification of the medium and trace elements by phosphate radicals in raw materials, and improves the utilization rate of fertilizer.
(4) The raw materials of this application are water-soluble raw materials, therefore this application product is water-soluble entirely, and is not blockked up, can satisfy the needs of driping irrigation (or spout a little) fertilization, reduces irrigation water, promotes agricultural sustainable development.
(5) Because the water-solubility of this application product is good, easy plant absorption utilization behind the spraying crop surface can effectively supply the required nutrition of plant, increases the plant absorption efficiency, improves the fertilizer efficiency.
The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of a special water-soluble fertilizer for cucumbers, which comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the raw material ratio of the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers according to the fertilizer requirement proportion of the cucumbers, wherein the fertilizer requirement proportion is as follows: the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1.0: 0.4: 1.6.
s2: 30-40 parts of urea is weighed according to the proportion, heated and stirred until the urea is melted, and slurry A is obtained.
S3: and mixing the slurry A with 20-30 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate and 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate which are weighed according to the proportion, heating and stirring until the mixture is molten to obtain slurry B, and overflowing the slurry B into a primary tank.
S4: and adding 20-30 parts of potassium salt weighed according to the proportion into the primary tank, heating and stirring until the potassium salt is molten to obtain C slurry, and overflowing the C slurry into the secondary tank.
S5: adding 0-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0-5 parts of calcium chloride, 0-5 parts of magnesium sulfate and 0-5 parts of borax into the secondary tank, heating and stirring until the mixture is molten to obtain D slurry, cooling, drying and granulating.
S6: adding 1-5 parts of water-soluble humate, 0.2-5 parts of zinc lignosulfonate, 0.1-5 parts of citric acid and 5-10 parts of water which are weighed according to the proportion into the secondary tank, heating and stirring until the materials are completely dissolved, and filtering to obtain filtrate.
S7: and spraying the filtrate in a granular fertilizer, drying, and adding a plate-preventing agent and a surfactant to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers.
Before step S6, the humate may be dissolved with water, and may be circularly ground and dispersed to obtain a humate aqueous solution with finer particles, where the insoluble matter in the humate aqueous solution is less than or equal to 10%. The aqueous humate solution is then added to step S6. Because the process flow of independently and circularly grinding and mixing and then grinding the humate is adopted, the produced fertilizer has no precipitation, flocculation or layering and is suitable for modern agricultural water and fertilizer facilities such as drip irrigation, micro-irrigation, spray irrigation and the like; and the production raw materials are easy to purchase, the process is simple, the use is convenient, and the yield increasing effect is obvious. Can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, mutual synergy, soil improvement, quality improvement and the like.
In certain embodiments, the water-soluble humate is selected from at least one of water-soluble sodium humate, water-soluble potassium humate, water-soluble ammonium phosphate humate. Wherein, in the water-soluble humate, the total humic acid content is more than or equal to 50 wt%, and K 2 O≥10％wt。
In certain embodiments, the potassium salt is selected from at least one of monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate.
In certain embodiments, the surfactant is selected from at least one of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, stearic acid, lecithin, fatty acid glycerides, fatty acid polyoxyethylene amines.
In certain embodiments, the zinc lignosulfonate is obtained by reacting an aqueous solution of sulfonated lignin with zinc sulfate, utilizing the chelating properties of alkali lignin. The zinc lignosulfonate is used for complexing medium and trace elements so as to reduce the solidification of the medium and trace elements by phosphate radicals in the water-soluble humate.
In some embodiments, the addition amount of the plate prevention agent is 0.2-2% of the total weight of the fertilizer, and the addition amount of the surfactant is 1-2% of the total weight of the fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the advantages and positive effects that: compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) this application is favorable to the distribution of microelement on the blade surface through adding surface active substance, can improve the hygroscopicity simultaneously, does benefit to the water-soluble that keeps the microelement, does benefit to diffusion and blade surface and root system infiltration.
(2) This application is through adding the anti-caking agent, and sets up the fertilizer form into the graininess, can reduce fertilizer specific surface area, avoids extremely easily gluing the joint piece in transportation or stack process.
(3) The water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers, prepared by the method, can effectively supplement nutrients required by plants, increase the plant absorption efficiency, improve the quality and yield of the cucumbers, improve the fertilizer efficiency, meet the requirement of drip irrigation (or micro-spraying) fertilization, reduce irrigation water, promote agricultural sustainable development and have wide market prospect.
The technical solutions of the present application are described in detail below with specific examples, but should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Example 1
The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers comprises the following steps: weighing 36 parts of urea according to the proportion, heating and stirring until the urea is molten to obtain slurry A; mixing the slurry A with 20 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate and 6 parts of ammonium sulfate which are weighed according to the proportion, heating and stirring until the mixture is molten to obtain slurry B, and overflowing the slurry B into a primary tank; 26 parts of potassium sulfate weighed according to the proportion is added into the primary tank, the mixture is heated and stirred to be molten to obtain C slurry, and the C slurry overflows into the secondary tank; adding 3 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 2 parts of borax which are weighed according to the ratio into the secondary tank, heating and stirring until the mixture is molten to obtain D slurry, cooling, drying and granulating to obtain granular fertilizer; adding 4 parts of water-soluble potassium humate, 0.5 part of zinc lignosulfonate, 0.5 part of citric acid and 5 parts of water which are weighed according to the proportion into the secondary tank, heating and stirring until the water-soluble potassium humate, the zinc lignosulfonate, the citric acid and the water are completely dissolved, and filtering to obtain a filtrate; and spraying the filtrate into a granular fertilizer, drying, and adding a plate-preventing agent and a surfactant to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers.
According to the preparation method of the embodiment 1, the prepared water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 36 parts of urea, 20 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 6 parts of potassium sulfate, 26 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of potassium humate, 0.5 part of citric acid, 0.5 part of zinc lignosulfonate, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 2 parts of borax.
Example 2
The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers comprises the following steps: weighing 34 parts of urea according to the proportion, heating and stirring until the urea is molten to obtain slurry A; mixing the slurry A with 22 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate and 8 parts of ammonium sulfate which are weighed according to the proportion, heating and stirring until the mixture is molten to obtain slurry B, and overflowing the slurry B into a primary tank; adding 27 parts of potassium sulfate weighed according to the proportion into the primary tank, heating and stirring until the potassium sulfate is molten to obtain C slurry, and overflowing the C slurry into the secondary tank; adding 3 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 2 parts of borax which are weighed according to the proportion into the secondary tank, heating and stirring until the mixture is molten to obtain D slurry, cooling, drying and granulating to obtain granular fertilizer; 3 parts of water-soluble potassium humate, 0.5 part of zinc lignosulfonate, 0.5 part of citric acid and 5 parts of water which are weighed according to the proportion are heated and stirred until the components are completely dissolved, and filtrate is obtained by filtering; and spraying the filtrate in a granular fertilizer, drying, and adding a plate-preventing agent and a surfactant to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers.
According to the preparation method of the embodiment 2, the prepared water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 34 parts of urea, 22 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 27 parts of potassium sulfate, 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of potassium humate, 0.5 part of citric acid, 0.5 part of zinc lignosulfonate, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 2 parts of borax.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer without potassium humate comprises the following steps: metering 36 parts of urea, mixing, and heating for melting; respectively adding 20 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate and 6 parts of ammonium sulfate into the molten urea solution, stirring, heating and melting to obtain molten slurry, and feeding the molten slurry into a primary tank; adding 26 parts of potassium sulfate into the primary tank, continuously heating, keeping the molten state, and entering the secondary tank; continuously adding 3 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 2 parts of borax into the secondary tank, continuously heating, keeping a molten state to obtain mixed slurry, and granulating to obtain granular fertilizer; heating 0.5 part of zinc lignosulfonate, 0.5 part of citric acid and 9 parts of water, stirring, completely dissolving, filtering, uniformly spraying the filtrate into the fertilizer in the mixed slurry, drying, and adding an anti-hardening agent to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer without potassium humate.
According to the preparation method of the embodiment 2, the prepared water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 36 parts of urea, 20 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 26 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of borax, 0.5 part of zinc lignosulfonate and 0.5 part of citric acid.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer without potassium humate comprises the following steps: metering 34 parts of urea, mixing, and then heating and melting; respectively adding 22 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate and 8 parts of ammonium sulfate into the molten urea solution, stirring, heating and melting to obtain molten slurry, and feeding the molten slurry into a primary tank; adding 27 parts of potassium sulfate into the primary tank, continuously heating, keeping the molten state, and entering the secondary tank; continuously adding 3 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 2 parts of borax into the secondary tank, continuously heating, keeping a molten state to obtain mixed slurry, and granulating to obtain a granular fertilizer; heating 0.5 part of zinc lignosulfonate, 0.5 part of citric acid and 8 parts of water, stirring, completely dissolving, filtering, uniformly spraying the filtrate into the fertilizer in the mixed slurry, drying, and adding an anti-hardening agent to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer without potassium humate.
According to the preparation method of the embodiment 2, the prepared water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 36 parts of urea, 20 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 26 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of borax, 0.5 part of zinc lignosulfonate and 0.5 part of citric acid.
Example 3
The promotion effect of the special water-soluble fertilizer for the cucumber on the cucumber leaves is determined.
Selecting 'Sheng Green' cucumbers, raising seedlings by using a seedling raising tray, transplanting when 3-4 true leaves are planted, planting 1 cucumber in each pot, applying fertilizers prepared in examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 according to 20kg per mu each time, and applying fertilizers for 1 week, a seedling stage, a flowering and fruiting stage and a fruit expansion stage after planting for 4 times in total. Wherein, fertilization each time adopts a drip irrigation mode, and the fertilizer-water ratio is 1: 300. and 3 days after the fertilization, testing the chlorophyll content of the cucumber leaves, and specifically referring to a standard photoelectric colorimetry.
The 5 tests were performed, and the chlorophyll content of the cucumber leaves obtained in the 5 tests was measured, and the average value was obtained, and the results are shown in table 1.
Meanwhile, the non-fertilization is used as a blank control group, and the rest operation and conditions are the same as the steps.
Example 4
The promotion effect of the special water-soluble fertilizer for the cucumbers on the yield and the quality of the cucumbers is measured.
After the cucumber picking is finished, the fresh weight of the overground part of the cucumber, and the content of vitamin C, the content of soluble sugar and the content of soluble protein of the cucumber are tested. The vitamin C, the content of soluble sugar and the content of soluble protein are tested by referring to a standard 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol method, an anthrone method and a Coomassie brilliant blue colorimetric method.
Repeating the step 5) to perform 5 tests, testing the fresh weight of the overground part, the content of the vitamin C, the content of the soluble sugar and the content of the soluble protein of the cucumber obtained in the 5 tests, and averaging the values, wherein the results are respectively shown in the table 2 and the table 3.
Meanwhile, taking the non-fertilized eggs as a blank control group, and the rest operation and conditions are the same as those in the step 3).
7) The promotion effect of the special water-soluble fertilizer for the cucumber on the root growth of the cucumber is measured.
After the harvesting of the overground part of the cucumber is finished, the fresh weight, the root length and the root activity of the root of the cucumber are tested, and the root activity is measured by adopting a TTC (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) method.
And (3) repeating the step 5) to carry out 5 tests, testing the fresh weight, the root length and the root activity of the root of each cucumber obtained in the 5 tests, and taking the average values, wherein the results are shown in table 4.
Meanwhile, the non-fertilization is used as a blank control group, and the rest operation and conditions are the same as those in the step 5).
The test results of examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are specifically shown in tables 1 to 4.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the potassium humate water-soluble fertilizer can obviously improve the chlorophyll content of the cucumber when applied.
TABLE 2
| Categories | Fresh weight of fruit above ground (kg/plant) | Measuring yield (kg/mu) |
| Blank group | 12.79 | 3837 |
| Example 1 | 18.87 | 5661 |
| Example 2 | 19.66 | 5898 |
| Comparative example 1 | 16.04 | 4812 |
| Comparative example 2 | 17.43 | 5229 |
TABLE 3
As can be seen from the data in tables 2 and 3, it can be seen from table 1 that the application of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention can significantly improve the yield of cucumber, improve the quality of cucumber products, and increase the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein.
TABLE 4
As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the application of the potassium humate water-soluble fertilizer of the invention can obviously improve the root activity of cucumber and promote the growth of root system.
The above embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, and all modifications, equivalents, and flow charts using the content of the present disclosure or those directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are intended to be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers is characterized in that the raw material proportion of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers is determined according to the fertilizer requirement proportion of the cucumbers, and the fertilizer requirement proportion is as follows: the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1.0: 0.4: 1.6;
the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 20-30 parts of potassium salt, 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0-5 parts of potassium chloride, 1-5 parts of water-soluble humate, 0.1-5 parts of citric acid, 0.2-5 parts of zinc lignosulfonate, 0-5 parts of calcium chloride, 0-5 parts of magnesium sulfate and 0-5 parts of borax.
2. The water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
the water-soluble humate is selected from at least one of water-soluble sodium humate, water-soluble potassium humate and water-soluble ammonium phosphate humate;
the potassium salt is at least one of monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.
3. The water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 36 parts of urea, 20 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 6 parts of potassium sulfate, 26 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of potassium humate, 0.5 part of citric acid, 0.5 part of zinc lignosulfonate, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 2 parts of borax.
4. The water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the zinc lignosulfonate is obtained by reacting an aqueous solution of lignosulfonate with zinc sulfate by utilizing the chelating property of alkali lignin;
the zinc lignosulfonate is used for complexing medium and trace elements so as to reduce the curing of the medium and trace elements by phosphate radicals in the water-soluble humate.
5. The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
determining the raw material ratio of the water-soluble fertilizer special for the cucumbers according to the fertilizer requirement proportion of the cucumbers, wherein the fertilizer requirement proportion is as follows: the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1.0: 0.4: 1.6;
weighing 30-40 parts of urea according to the proportion, heating and stirring until the urea is molten to obtain slurry A;
mixing the slurry A with 20-30 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate and 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate which are weighed according to the proportion, heating and stirring until the mixture is molten to obtain slurry B, and overflowing the slurry B into a primary tank;
adding 20-30 parts of potassium salt weighed according to the proportion into the primary tank, heating and stirring until the potassium salt is molten to obtain C slurry, and overflowing the C slurry into the secondary tank;
adding 0-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0-5 parts of calcium chloride, 0-5 parts of magnesium sulfate and 0-5 parts of borax into the secondary tank according to the proportion, heating and stirring until the mixture is molten to obtain D slurry, cooling, drying and granulating to obtain granular fertilizer;
adding 1-5 parts of water-soluble humate, 0.2-5 parts of zinc lignosulfonate, 0.1-5 parts of citric acid and 5-10 parts of water which are weighed according to the proportion into the secondary tank, heating and stirring until the water-soluble humate, the zinc lignosulfonate, the citric acid and the water are completely dissolved, and filtering to obtain a filtrate;
and spraying the filtrate in a granular fertilizer, drying, and adding a plate-preventing agent and a surfactant to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers.
6. The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumber as claimed in claim 5, wherein,
the water-soluble humate is selected from at least one of water-soluble sodium humate, water-soluble potassium humate and water-soluble ammonium phosphate humate;
the potassium salt is at least one of monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate;
the surfactant is at least one selected from sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, stearic acid, lecithin, fatty glyceride and fatty polyoxyethylene amine.
7. The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers as claimed in claim 5, wherein the zinc lignosulfonate is obtained by reacting an aqueous solution of lignosulfonate with zinc sulfate by utilizing the chelating property of alkali lignin;
the zinc lignosulfonate is used for complexing medium and trace elements so as to reduce the solidification of the medium and trace elements by phosphate radicals in the water-soluble humate.
8. The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers as claimed in claim 5, wherein the addition amount of the anti-hardening agent is 0.2-2% of the total weight of the fertilizer;
the addition amount of the surfactant accounts for 1-2% of the total weight of the fertilizer.
9. Use of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumber as defined in any one of claims 1-4 or the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumber prepared by the preparation method as defined in any one of claims 5-8 for planting cucumber.
10. The application method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 8 is characterized in that the fertilizer is applied for 4 times in the period of 1 week after field planting, the seedling stage, the flowering and fruiting stage and the fruit expansion stage in sequence, wherein the amount of the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers per mu applied for each time is 10-20kg, and the water-soluble fertilizer special for cucumbers is diluted by 200-fold and 300-fold by adopting a drip irrigation mode for each time of application.
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