CN115050586A - MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115050586A CN115050586A CN202210737771.3A CN202210737771A CN115050586A CN 115050586 A CN115050586 A CN 115050586A CN 202210737771 A CN202210737771 A CN 202210737771A CN 115050586 A CN115050586 A CN 115050586A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims abstract description 49
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
- C12R2001/66—Aspergillus
- C12R2001/685—Aspergillus niger
Abstract
The invention provides an MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, adding MXene nanosheets and pH buffer solution into water, uniformly mixing, adding Aspergillus niger, uniformly mixing, culturing, and freeze-drying a solid product obtained by culturing to obtain a precursor; step 2, annealing the precursor at 650-850 ℃ to obtain carbide; step 3, activating the carbide to obtain an MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material; the MXene-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite structure can be used as an electrode material for purifying capacitive deionization nuclear wastewater, and greatly improves the adsorption efficiency of radioactive ions in water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to an MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Nuclear power has various advantages, but the large amount of waste material produced thereby also greatly limits the rapid development of nuclear power. Radioactive elements cause radioactive pollution after entering water. The radioactive wastewater refers to wastewater discharged from nuclear fuel pretreatment and post-treatment, nuclear power plants, research using radioisotopes, hospitals, factories, and the like. Uranium-containing wastewater is a kind of radioactive wastewater from a wide range of sources, such as uranium mining and hydrometallurgy wastewater, uranium refining and nuclear fuel manufacturing wastewater, reactor operation wastewater, reactor fuel post-treatment wastewater, wastewater from radioisotope production, and wastewater from factories and research departments using radioisotopes, and mainly includes uranium: (uranium) 238 UO 2 2+ ) (ii) radium 225 Ra 2+ ) Iodine (I), (II) 131/129/125 I - ) Cesium, (C) and (C) 137 Cs + ) And plutonium ( 239 /240/241 Pu 4+ ) Plasma radionuclide ions.
The water quality is deteriorated due to the change of chemical, physical, biological or radioactive characteristics caused by the intervention of these elements, which affects the effective utilization of water, harms human health or destroys ecological environment. At present, 70 percent of the earth surface is covered by water, but the human available fresh water resource is less than 1 percent, the fresh water resource is a target often polluted by human activities, and the polluted water body is very difficult to recover, so the research and development of the treatment technology of the nuclear waste liquid with high efficiency, environmental protection and low cost has great social, economic and environmental significance for reducing the pollution of the radioactive waste water to the environment.
The main processes of the prior water quality purification technology for removing radioactive substances include a coagulation method, an adsorption method, an ion exchange method and a biological treatment method. The conventional treatment methods have different defects such as simple process and low cost of a coagulating sedimentation method, but a precipitated product is not easy to enrich and recover and is easy to cause secondary pollution; the evaporation concentration method is simple and effective, the removal rate is high, but the cost is higher; the extraction method has good effect, the concentration of the removed uranium is low, but the treatment cost is high, and the amount of waste residues after extraction is large; the reverse osmosis method has high uranium removal rate, but has high treatment cost and difficult industrial application. The traditional biological treatment method is widely applied due to the characteristics of wide material sources, various varieties, large selectivity and low cost, but the adsorption efficiency of the biological treatment method is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to the invention, aspergillus niger spores with radiation resistance, strong vitality and strong uranium removal capability are selected for cultivation and improvement, MXene nanosheets are prepared, and then the aspergillus niger and MXene nanosheet composite structure is prepared, so that the two-dimensional nanochannel provides a rapid ion migration path, and the specific capacitance and rate capability are optimized. Then further increasing the specific surface area of the materials through annealing and activation, and finally preparing an electrode film for purifying nuclear waste water.
The preparation method of the MXene-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite structure specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) screening aspergillus niger from soil, carrying out pure species separation, activating a slope, and carrying out mutation breeding on the aspergillus niger strain by using gamma rays of 2 kGy; thus, Aspergillus niger spores can be prepared
(2) At room temperature adding Ti 3 AlC 2 Soaking the powder in an etching solution for etching, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a suspension;
(3) centrifuging the suspension, repeatedly cleaning the suspension by using deionized water until the solution is neutral, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, namely Ti 3 C 2 T X ；
(4) Mixing Ti 3 C 2 T X Mixing with DMSO, stirring at room temperature, and centrifuging the mixture to obtain precipitate;
(5) the precipitate and H 2 Mixing and performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature, then centrifuging dispersion liquid obtained by ultrasonic treatment, and performing vacuum filtration on the obtained supernatant liquid by using a polypropylene filter membrane;
(6) drying the filter cake at room temperature to obtain layered Ti 3 C 2 T X Thus preparing MXene nano-sheets.
(7) Adding peptone and glucose into distilled water according to the proportion of 16-20 g peptone and 20-25 g glucose in 1000mL water, uniformly stirring, heating and boiling for 20-30 min for disinfection, and completely dissolving the peptone and the glucose;
(8) sealing and fixing the solution obtained in the step (7) by using a sealing film, performing ultrasonic treatment, and then placing the solution into a high-temperature sterilization pot at the temperature of 100-125 ℃ for sterilization for 15-50 min, thereby preparing a liquid culture medium of aspergillus niger;
(9) inoculating aspergillus niger spores on a liquid culture medium, culturing for 3-5 days in an incubator at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ to obtain spherical aspergillus niger bacteria balls, and cleaning the aspergillus niger bacteria balls to obtain aspergillus niger;
(10) adding a certain amount of MXene nanosheets, 0.05-0.1% of citric acid and 1-2% of sodium citrate aqueous solution in mass percentage into distilled water, stirring for 10-20 minutes, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, mixing the solution for a certain time, and mixing 10-20 g of Aspergillus niger cultured in a liquid nutrient medium and the prepared mixed solution: mixing 1000mL of the extract, stirring uniformly, continuously culturing for 1-2 days at 35 ℃, and finally placing the obtained dehydrated thallusWith addition of CaCl 2 Storing in a drying box of a drying agent for later use;
(11) putting the dehydrated thallus in the step (10) into a freeze drying agent for freeze drying;
(12) drying, placing in a tube furnace, heating to 650-850 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3-5 h to obtain MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbide;
(13) uniformly mixing the MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbide obtained in the step (12) and potassium hydroxide according to the mass ratio of 1: 3-5, and then putting the mixture into a tubular furnace at 1-3 ℃ per minute -1 Heating to 600-900 ℃ at the heating rate, preserving heat for 2-5 h, cooling, preparing a hydrochloric acid solution for repeated cleaning, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water until the pH value is 7, and drying in an oven to obtain the MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger composite material.
An electrode is prepared by adopting an MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger composite material as an electrode material, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) pouring a proper amount of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) into N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), and fully stirring until the PVDF is completely dissolved;
2) adding a proper amount of Super P Li into the solution obtained in the step 1), and continuously stirring for 1-5 h with strong force;
3) adding MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger composite material powder, and strongly stirring to obtain uniformly mixed electrode slurry;
4) and uniformly coating the mixed slurry on the surface of the aluminum foil by using a coating machine, wherein the primary drying temperature is 120-150 ℃. Controlling the height of a scraper of the coating machine to obtain a coating with the thickness of 10-100 microns;
5) and (3) pressurizing the uncut aluminum foil pole piece obtained in the step (4) for 30-120 s under 10-30 MPa, cutting the size of the electrode according to the size, putting the electrode into a vacuum drying box, and performing vacuum drying for 16-48 h to prepare the electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention enriches MXene on Aspergillus niger, utilizes the groups of-OH, -F and the like which are easily combined with heavy metal ions and are enriched on the surface of MXene, and the groups of hydroxyl, carboxyl, phosphoryl and the like on the surface of fungal cellsThe surface functional groups are combined to form a stable composite structure system, and the MXene-Aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material is obtained through annealing and activation, so that the MXene and Aspergillus niger carbonized carbon are combined together to form a composite structure. Similar to graphene, MXene has a high specific surface area, excellent flexibility, good hydrophilicity and conductivity, and has unique component diversity, layer thickness controllability and structure adjustability, when the MXene is used as an electrode material for purifying capacitive deionization nuclear wastewater, the MXene nanosheets can be used as an effective conductive layer, and by utilizing the high conductivity of MXene, the two-dimensional nanochannel of MXene provides a rapid ion migration path, so that the specific capacitance and rate capability are optimized, the mass specific capacitance can reach 499F/g at room temperature, the composite conductivity is increased, the efficiency of electrochemical reaction is improved, and a strong pseudo-capacitance effect is generated. And the MXene nanosheet can also be used as a stabilizer with a complex mixed structure, so that the accumulation and aggregation processes are prevented, the cycling stability of the electrode material is improved, and in addition, the MXene can also be used as a curing additive for treating radioactive waste liquid, so that the leaching rate of radioactive nuclide is reduced. The aspergillus niger is a biological strain with high radiation resistance, strong vitality and strong uranium removal property, and the saturated adsorption capacity of the aspergillus niger on radioactive uranium elements is 60-80 mg/g. The derived biomass carbon has rich macroporous-microporous-mesoporous structure (the specific surface area is as high as (2230 m) 2 The active carbon has the characteristics of aperture distribution (3-4 nm)), one-dimensional fiber shape, abundant surface defects and active sites, nitrogen element doping and the like, and the saturated adsorption capacity of the active carbon to radioactive elements is obviously higher than that of common active carbon in the market (the adsorption capacity of uranium ions can reach 46.83mg/g, and the specific capacitance is higher than 194F/g. Meanwhile, compared with commercialized carbon particles, the strain has one-dimensional fiber shape, so that the strain has good electrical properties, is more favorable for current transportation, and can remarkably improve the electrochemical adsorption performance of a composite structure of the strain. The invention can realize the synergistic enhancement effect of the specific capacitance of the fungal carbon and MXene, perfectly solves the defects of lower capacitance capability of fungi (poor mechanical strength) and the existing carbon-based electrode active material, poorer cycle stability of a metal oxide electrode material and the like, and improves the adsorption capability of the fungal carbon to radioactive uranium elements. The preparation method of the invention is simpleAnd the cost is low.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the MXene nanosheets to the Aspergillus niger defined by the invention enables the adsorption performance to achieve the best effect.
Furthermore, after the aspergillus niger spores are subjected to mutagenesis treatment by adopting gamma rays, the strain has the characteristics of long service life, strong uranium removing capability and radiation resistance.
Furthermore, the activation temperature of the invention can expand the specific surface area of the aspergillus niger to the maximum extent without damaging the structure of the aspergillus niger. If the activation temperature is too high, the adsorption becomes particularly slow, affecting its adsorption properties.
The MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material prepared by the method has the characteristics of unique one-dimensional tubular structure, high specific surface area, high conductivity, uniform pore size distribution and the like, is used as an electrode material for purifying nuclear wastewater by a capacitance deionization method, can be used for selectively adsorbing and curing target nuclear ions through the selection and synergistic effect in addition to the adsorption of the nuclear ions by the double electric layers, further improves the high efficiency of the adsorption capacity, removes radioactive elements in nuclear polluted water bodies by high selectivity in an adsorption manner, has the saturated adsorption capacity of radioactive uranium elements of about 110mg/g, and can be recycled and regenerated. The whole nuclear wastewater purification process is simple, the purification time is short, the cost is low, an ion exchange membrane is not required to be added, the radioactive ions in the water can be removed more efficiently, and the method is a nuclear wastewater treatment method with great development prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of different magnifications of Aspergillus niger cultured in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the cultivation of the bacterial species in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the growth of the bacterial species in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows data of capacitive deionization adsorption in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an SEM photograph of MXene nanoplatelets of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an electron microscope scanning image of the composite MXene nanosheets and Aspergillus niger strains in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the compound confluence process of MXene and Aspergillus niger strains in the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the following examples, which are provided to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Example 1: aspergillus niger based carbonized carbon and Ti 3 C 2 T X Purification method of capacitive deionization nuclear wastewater
(1) Selecting about 10g of good-growth mould soil with mould from underground storage of spent fuel of a nuclear reactor of Russian Stokes chemical university, screening Aspergillus niger strains, and dissolving 10g of peptone, 5g of yeast extract, 10g of sodium chloride and 10.8g of agar powder in 0.9L of water by using an agar culture medium. Adding calcium carbonate, selecting colonies with large transparent circles from the grown colonies to be arranged on a slope, selecting aspergillus niger strains with strong uranium removal performance from the colonies, inoculating the aspergillus niger strains to the slope for activation, then adding a small amount of sterile distilled water into an agar slope culture medium, scraping fresh mould spores on the surface by using a sterile inoculating ring, placing the spore suspension into a 250mL conical core bottle, and injecting 40mL of eluent. Then adding 12 glass beads with the diameter of 5mm into the conical flask, mixing with the spores, putting into a water area oscillator to shake off the clustered spores, and filtering with a single-layer cotton gauze to remove hyphae. Then loading into a sterilized centrifuge tube, separating precipitate spore, removing supernatant, adding 40mL eluate, and repeating centrifuging for 3 times to obtain 10 6 spores/mL of a mold spore suspension. Finally, carrying out mutagenesis treatment by gamma rays with the dosage of 2kGy, separating spores after mutagenesis treatment by a flat plate added with calcium carbonate, selecting 200 single colonies with larger transparent circles after bacterial colonies grow up, and culturing at 30 ℃ to grow aspergillus niger spores; then Ti is added at room temperature 3 AlC 2 Soaking the powder in 50% hydrofluoric acid solution for 2 hr, treating with ultrasonic wave to obtain suspension, repeatedly cleaning with deionized water until the solution is neutral, and centrifuging to obtain precipitate Ti 3 C 2 T X (ii) a Then will beTi 3 C 2 T X Mixing with DMSO at a mass ratio of 1:20, stirring at room temperature for 18h, and centrifuging at 3500rpm for 20min to obtain precipitate; the precipitate and H 2 Mixing O at a mass ratio of 1:500, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 4h at 300W, centrifuging dispersion obtained by ultrasonic treatment at 2000rpm for 10min, vacuum filtering the obtained supernatant with polypropylene filter membrane, air drying at room temperature, and vacuum filtering to obtain layered Ti 3 C 2 T X 。
(2) Peptone and glucose were purchased on the market, and 16g of peptone and 20g of glucose were added to 1000mL of distilled water and dissolved in a conical flask, stirred well, boiled for 26min and sterilized, so that peptone and glucose were completely dissolved. Wrapping with sealing film, fixing with rubber band, ultrasonic treating for 10min, uniformly dispersing, heating in 121 deg.C high-temperature sterilizing pot for 15min, closing the high-temperature sterilizing pot, taking out the conical bottle, and rapidly moving to a clean bench. When the conical flask is cooled to be close to room temperature, the prepared liquid culture medium is dispensed into 50mL conical flasks in an amount of 30mL each in a sterile room and sealed by a culture film;
(3) directly inoculating aspergillus niger spores on a liquid culture medium by using an inoculating gun head in an ultraclean laboratory, culturing for 4 days at 35 ℃ in an incubator to obtain spherulitic bacteria balls in a conical flask, pouring out redundant nutrient solution in the conical flask, and cleaning by using distilled water to obtain aspergillus niger (the strain is aspergillus niger MultiShot 550, preserved in China center for culture and management of industrial microorganisms with the preservation number of CICC 2487);
(4) adding a certain amount of MXene nanosheets and 25mL of citric acid with the mass fraction of 0.1% and 2% of sodium citrate aqueous solution into 1000mL of distilled water, stirring for 5 minutes, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15min to obtain a mixed solution, mixing Aspergillus niger and the prepared mixed solution in an amount of 20 g: mixing 1000mL (the mass ratio of MXene nanosheet to Aspergillus niger is 1:3), stirring, culturing at 35 deg.C for 2 days, and placing the obtained dehydrated thallus into container with CaCl 2 And storing the drying agent in a drying box for later use.
(5) Freeze drying dewatered Aspergillus niger thallusFreeze drying in drier, heating to 750 deg.C in a tubular furnace, keeping the temperature for 3 hr to obtain carbide, mixing the carbide with potassium hydroxide at a mass ratio of 1:4, and placing in a tubular furnace at 3 deg.C/min -1 Heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate, preserving heat for 2h, cooling, preparing 60ml hydrochloric acid, repeatedly cleaning, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water until the pH value is 7, and drying in an oven; obtaining the MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material.
(6) Then, pouring a proper amount of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) into N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), fully stirring until the PVDF is completely dissolved, then adding a proper amount of Super P Li, continuously stirring strongly for 1h, then adding MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material powder, and stirring strongly for 3h to obtain uniformly mixed ground electrode slurry, wherein the mass ratio of the MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material to the PVDF, the mass ratio of the Super P Li is 90:5:5, and the solid content of the slurry is 25%; then, the mixed slurry was uniformly coated on the surface of an aluminum foil by using a coater at a tape feed speed of 6 m.min -1 And the primary drying temperature is 120 ℃. Controlling the height of a scraper of the coating machine to obtain a coating with the thickness of 88 mu m, and then carrying out pressurization treatment on the obtained pole piece for 30s under the pressure of 10 MPa; then cutting the size of the electrode according to the size; finally, the mixture is put into a vacuum drying oven and dried for 16 hours in vacuum at 200 ℃.
Example 2: aspergillus niger based carbonized carbon and Ti 3 C 2 T X Purification method of capacitive deionization nuclear wastewater
The same as example 1 except that hydrofluoric acid was used instead of LiF/HCl mixture in step (1).
Example 3: aspergillus niger based carbonized carbon and Ti 3 C 2 T X The purification method of the capacitive deionization nuclear waste water of (1) was the same as in example 1, except that in the step (1), the etching liquid hydrofluoric acid was replaced with NH 4 HF 2 And (3) solution.
FIG. 1 shows the Aspergillus niger strain cultured in example 1 of the present invention, which is a one-dimensional fibrous structure.
FIG. 2 shows the cultivation of a strain in example 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 3 shows a picture of the growth of the strain. Fig. 4 is a graph of capacitance deionization data in example 1 of the present invention, and a specific capacitance is calculated through an I-V curve, and from fig. 4, it can be calculated that the specific capacitance of the composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention can reach 499F/g, and the saturated adsorption capacity to radioactive uranium element is approximately 110mg/g, which is significantly higher than the adsorption capacity of aspergillus niger 60-80 mg/g.
FIG. 5 is an electron microscope image of MXene nanosheets prepared in example 1 of the present invention, and it can be seen that Ti is present 3 C 2 T x The thickness of the single-layer nano sheet is about 1nm, and the nano sheet is relatively flat and has no hollow hole.
Fig. 6 is an electron microscope scanning image of the MXene nanosheet and aspergillus niger species in embodiment 1 of the present invention after compositing, and it can be seen that the aspergillus niger species are distributed on the MXene nanosheet.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a composite process of MXene nanosheets and Aspergillus niger species, and few Ti layers are obtained by ultrasonic stripping 3 C 2 T x And then, forming MXene nano-sheets by layer-by-layer self-assembly, and compounding the MXene nano-sheets with Aspergillus niger strains while performing layer-by-layer self-assembly.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, adding MXene nanosheets and pH buffer solution into water, uniformly mixing, adding Aspergillus niger, uniformly mixing, culturing, and freeze-drying a solid product obtained by culturing to obtain a precursor;
step 2, annealing the precursor at 650-850 ℃ to obtain carbide;
and 3, activating the carbide to obtain the MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material.
2. The preparation method of the MXene nanosheet-Aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the preparation method of the MXene nanosheet is as follows:
mixing Ti 3 AlC 2 Soaking the powder in an etching solution for etching to obtain a suspension;
centrifuging the suspension, washing the obtained solid with deionized water until the washing liquid is neutral to obtain Ti 3 C 2 T X ；
Mixing Ti 3 C 2 T X Stirring and mixing with DMSO, and centrifuging the obtained mixed solution to obtain a precipitate;
and ultrasonically mixing the precipitate with water, centrifuging dispersion liquid obtained by ultrasonic treatment, performing vacuum filtration on the obtained supernatant by using a polypropylene filter membrane, and drying to obtain the MXene nanosheet.
3. The preparation method of the MXene nanosheet-Aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the mass ratio of the MXene nanosheet to Aspergillus niger is 1: 3.
4. The preparation method of MXene nanosheet-Aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the preparation method of Aspergillus niger comprises:
and (3) carrying out mutagenesis treatment on the aspergillus niger spores by adopting gamma rays, then inoculating the aspergillus niger spores obtained by mutagenesis on a liquid culture medium, and culturing to obtain the aspergillus niger.
5. The preparation method of the MXene nanosheet-Aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material of claim 1, wherein the pH buffer is a sodium citrate buffer.
6. The preparation method of the MXene nanosheet-Aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3 specifically comprises: and mixing the carbide and potassium hydroxide, heating to 600-900 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5 h, and washing the obtained product to obtain the MXene nanosheet-aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material.
7. The MXene nanosheet-Aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. An electrode, wherein the surface of the electrode is covered with an electrode film comprising the MXene nanosheet-Aspergillus niger carbonized carbon composite material of claim 7.
9. A capacitive deionization unit comprising the electrode of claim 8.
10. The TiO of claim 7 2 -use of aspergillus niger carbomorphic composite, an electrode according to claim 8 or a capacitive deionization unit according to claim 9 for the purification of nuclear waste water by capacitive deionization.
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