CN115036715B - Broadband high-efficiency polarization rotation transmission array antenna - Google Patents
Broadband high-efficiency polarization rotation transmission array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN115036715B CN115036715B CN202210963181.2A CN202210963181A CN115036715B CN 115036715 B CN115036715 B CN 115036715B CN 202210963181 A CN202210963181 A CN 202210963181A CN 115036715 B CN115036715 B CN 115036715B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband high-efficiency polarization rotation transmission array antenna which comprises a transmission array and a feed source horn arranged right below the transmission array, wherein the transmission array consists of 28x28 transmission array units, each transmission array unit comprises top metal, an upper dielectric substrate, middle metal, a lower dielectric substrate and bottom metal which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, the top metal and the bottom metal are polarization grids, the top metal and the bottom metal are mutually orthogonally arranged, the middle metal is a polarization torsion structure, and the middle metal comprises main branches and parasitic branches. The transmission array unit is designed, the transmission array unit is required to realize polarization rotation and provide phase compensation, and meanwhile, a novel polarization rotation unit loaded with parasitic branches is adopted, and the change curve of the transmission phase along with the size can be kept parallel in a wider bandwidth, so that the broadband polarization rotation unit has broadband performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a broadband high-efficiency polarization rotation transmission array antenna.
Background
The performance of the antenna, which is a key component in the front end of the communication system, is directly related to the performance of the whole communication system. With the overall advance of wireless communication technologies represented by 5G and the internet of things, development of high-gain antenna assemblies suitable for application scenarios is urgently needed. The transmissive array antenna is a common high-gain antenna applied to millimeter waves, and has become a hot spot for research and application in the industry in recent years by virtue of a planar structure and high-gain performance.
The transmission array antenna consists of a transmission array and a feed source antenna, wherein the transmission array is also an array consisting of a large number of transmission array units. The radiation principle is roughly as follows: the paths of the quasi-spherical waves radiated by the feed source to different units on the lower surface of the transmission array are different, so that phase difference is generated, and each unit of the transmission array eliminates the phase difference as much as possible through phase compensation, so that the wavefront phase of the electromagnetic waves is as uniform as possible after being regulated and controlled by the transmission array, and high-gain radiation is realized.
At present, transmissive array antennas are mainly classified into four types based on different forms of transmissive array elements. The first type of transmissive array antenna uses multiple layers of frequency selective surface elements, which often require three or more metal layers, each metal layer being printed on a dielectric substrate with an air layer between each dielectric substrate. Phase compensation is achieved by varying the physical dimensions of the elements, and in order to compensate for phase as much as possible, the phase modulation capability of such transmissive array elements needs to be up to 360 °. The second type is a receiving-reradiating type, and the units are mostly in a three-layer structure, and a shared metal grounding plate is arranged in the middle. Incident waves of the feed source antenna irradiate the lower surface of the antenna unit, electromagnetic wave energy is received by the patch on the lower surface, transmitted through the metal matching layer (generally a metal plate or a metal nail tip), and transmitted to the free space on the other side of the feed source through the patch on the upper surface. By introducing an electric control device, the antenna is often applied to directional pattern reconfiguration and beam scanning. The third type is a double-layer transmission array antenna, the transmission array only needs two layers of metal and one layer of medium substrate, the upper layer and the lower layer have the same metal structure, the transmission amplitude can be improved by introducing a plurality of metallized through holes, and phase compensation is realized by changing the physical size of the unit. Such antennas are inexpensive to manufacture, have a low profile and are lightweight, but have a narrow gain bandwidth. The fourth type is a polarization rotation transmission array which adopts a three-layer structure, the upper surface and the lower surface are polarization selection grids which are orthogonally arranged, and the middle layer is a phase modulation unit.
The size of the transmission array unit of the first and third transmission array antennas is often about half wavelength, the phase compensation is realized by changing the physical size of the unit structure, and the phase shift range is required to meet 360 degrees as much as possible. The elements of the fourth type of transmissive array antenna are realized by changing the physical size of the elements, but only 180 °, so that the size of the elements can be smaller at the same frequency. Under the caliber with the same size, the smaller the size of the transmission array unit, the more the number of units can be designed, so the more the number of discrete points for realizing phase compensation is, the stronger the phase compensation capability is, and the more uniform the wave front of the electromagnetic wave radiated finally, namely the higher the gain is. The third type of transmissive array antenna also has a unit size of about half wavelength, and an active device is introduced for realizing reconfiguration, so the aperture efficiency of the third type of transmissive array antenna is often very low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband high-efficiency polarization rotation transmission array antenna, which well solves the problems, designs a transmission array unit, requires the transmission array unit to realize polarization rotation and provide phase compensation, and adopts a novel polarization rotation unit loaded with parasitic branches, so that the change curve of the transmission phase along with the size can be kept parallel in a wider bandwidth, thereby having the broadband performance.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the broadband high-efficiency polarization rotation transmission array antenna comprises a transmission array and a feed source horn arranged right below the transmission array, wherein the transmission array consists of 28x28 transmission array units, each transmission array unit comprises top layer metal, an upper layer medium substrate, middle layer metal, a lower layer medium substrate and bottom layer metal which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, the top layer metal and the bottom layer metal are polarization grids, the top layer metal and the bottom layer metal are mutually orthogonally arranged, the middle layer metal is a polarization torsion structure, and the middle layer metal comprises main branches and parasitic branches.
Furthermore, the periodic length of the transmission array unit is 2.5mm, the thicknesses of the upper layer dielectric substrate and the lower layer dielectric substrate are both 1.524mm, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, and the loss tangent is 0.0009.
Further, the top metal comprises 4 polarization grids which are uniformly distributed, the width of the polarization grids is 0,3mm, the bottom metal comprises 4 polarization grids which are uniformly distributed, and the polarization grids on the top metal are orthogonally arranged.
Furthermore, the widths of the main branch and the parasitic branch are both 0.3mm, and the length of the parasitic branch is fixed to be 1.2mm.
Further, the parasitic branch comprises two d3 sections which are arranged perpendicular to each other.
Furthermore, the main branch section comprises two d2 sections which are perpendicular to each other, and the end parts of the two d2 sections are vertically connected with a d1 section.
Further, the length variation range of the main branch section d1 is 1.7-0.3mm, and the length variation range of the main branch section d2 is 2.2-1.9mm.
Further, the aperture of the transmission array is 70x70mm.
Furthermore, the aperture of the feed source horn is 20x15mm, the feed source horn is placed at a position 66.5mm under the transmission array, namely the focal length is 66.5mm, and the focal length-diameter ratio is 0.95.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The antenna adopts a novel polarization rotation unit loaded with parasitic branches, and the change curve of the transmission phase along with the size can be kept parallel in a wider bandwidth, so that the antenna has broadband performance;
2) The periodic length of the units adopted by the antenna is only a quarter of wavelength, which is smaller than most of transmission array units in the industry, and more units can be placed in the transmission array under the same caliber, so that the transmission array designed by the units has stronger phase compensation capability;
3) The antenna realizes high-efficiency radiation, the maximum aperture efficiency reaches 71.3 percent, and the aperture efficiency is more than 50 percent within the range of 26.5-38GHz (35.7 percent);
4) The antenna realizes broadband radiation, the 1dB gain bandwidth is 30.4-38.48GHz (23.5%), and the 3dB gain bandwidth is 26.5-40GHz (40.6%).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural view of a transmissive array unit in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a polarization grid for a top layer metal of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a heavy middle layer metal of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plot of transmission phase as a function of d1 segment length for the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plot of transmission phase as a function of d2 segment length for the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a plot of transmission amplitude as a function of length of d1 segment in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a plot of transmission amplitude as a function of length of d2 segment in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a transmissive array of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a transmissive array antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a top view of a layer metal (polarization torsion unit) in the transmissive array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a top view of the top metal (polarization selection grid) of the transmissive array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an E-plane pattern (30 GHz) for a transmissive array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a H-plane directional pattern (30 GHz) of the transmissive array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of the peak gain variation of a transmissive array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a diagram showing the aperture efficiency change of the transmissive array antenna according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an upper dielectric substrate; 2. a lower dielectric substrate; 3. an upper layer metal; 4. a main branch knot; 5. parasitic branch knots; 6. a middle layer metal; 7. a lower layer metal; 8. a feed horn.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention conventionally use, which are merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a broadband high-efficiency polarization rotation transmission array antenna, which comprises a transmission array and a feed horn 8 arranged right below the transmission array, wherein the transmission array is composed of 28 × 28 transmission array units, each transmission array unit comprises a top layer metal, an upper layer dielectric substrate 1, a middle layer metal 6, a lower layer dielectric substrate 2 and a bottom layer metal which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, the top layer metal and the bottom layer metal are polarization grids, the top layer metal and the bottom layer metal are mutually orthogonally arranged, the middle layer metal 6 is a polarization torsion structure, and the middle layer metal 6 comprises a main branch 4 and a parasitic branch 5.
Firstly, the design of the transmission array unit is carried out, and the designed unit structure is shown as figure 1. The transmission array unit comprises a top layer metal, an upper layer dielectric substrate 1, a middle layer metal 6, a lower layer dielectric substrate 2 and a bottom layer metal which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, the periodic length of the transmission array unit is 2.5mm, only one quarter wavelength (the central frequency is 30 GHz), the thicknesses of the upper layer dielectric substrate 1 and the lower layer dielectric substrate 2 are both 1.524mm, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, and the loss tangent is 0.0009. The top layer metal and the bottom layer metal are polarization grids which are arranged in an orthogonal mode, and the polarization selection function can be achieved. If the incident wave is polarized along x, the incident wave can pass through the polarization grid of the bottom layer metal, then the phase compensation is realized through the regulation and control phase of the middle layer metal 6, meanwhile, the x polarization is twisted into y polarization, and finally the radiation is transmitted out through the polarization grid of the top layer metal. If the incident wave is polarized along y, it can not pass through the polarization grid of the underlying metal.
Top metal as shown in fig. 2, each top metal unit has 4 polarization grids uniformly arranged, and the width w0 is 0.3mm. The polarization grid of the bottom metal is the same structure as the polarization grid of the top metal, except that it is placed orthogonally with respect to the polarization grid of the top metal. The middle layer metal 6 is a polarization torsion structure, which is composed of a main branch 4 and a parasitic branch 5, and can torsion the polarization of incident electromagnetic waves by 90 degrees, and meanwhile, phase compensation can be realized by adjusting the length of the main branch 44. The parasitic branch 5 comprises two d3 sections arranged perpendicular to each other. As shown in fig. 3, the main branch 4 includes two d2 sections that are perpendicular to each other, and the end portions of the two d2 sections are both perpendicularly connected with the d1 section. The parasitic branch 5 is introduced to expand the working bandwidth of the unit, and further improve the gain bandwidth of the whole transmission array antenna. The widths of the main branch knot 4 and the parasitic branch knot 5 are both 0.3mm, and the length of the parasitic branch knot 5 is fixed to be 1.2mm. The d1 segment length variation range of the main branch segment 4 is 1.7-0.3mm, phase compensation in the range of 0-140 degrees can be realized, and a curve of the transmission phase varying with the d1 segment length is shown in fig. 4. Subsequently, the length of the section d2 of the main branch 4 is reduced from 2.2mm to 1.9mm, and phase compensation of 40 ° can be achieved, as shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, the variation curves of the transmission phase of the designed unit along with the size are kept parallel in the range of 27GHz-38GHz, so that the consistent phase regulation can be realized in a wider frequency range, and the broadband high-performance optical fiber has good performance. The phase has continuity along with the change of the size, the phase compensation within the range of [0, 140 DEG ] can be realized by changing the length of the section d1, and the phase compensation within the range of [140 DEG, 180 DEG ] can be realized by changing the length of the section d 2. The 180-degree phase difference can be naturally introduced by rotating the main branch 4 and the parasitic branch 5 by 90 degrees, and the phase compensation within the range of [180 degrees, 360 degrees ] can be realized by changing the lengths of the d1 section and the d2 section. The transmission amplitude changes corresponding to the change of the lengths of the segments 4d1 and d2 of the main branch node are shown in fig. 6 and 7, and the transmission loss of the main branch node in the whole Ka waveband (26.5-40 GHz) is less than 2.75dB.
The designed transmission array antenna structure is shown in fig. 8 and 9. The antenna is composed of a transmission array of 28x28 units and a feed horn 8. The transmission array consists of 28x28 transmission array units, the caliber is 70x70mm, the caliber of the feed source horn 8 is 20x15mm, the feed source horn is placed at a position 66.5mm under the transmission array, namely the focal length is 66.5mm, and the focal diameter ratio is 0.95. The top view of the middle layer metal 6 of the transmissive array is shown in fig. 10, the top view of the top layer metal of the transmissive array is shown in fig. 11, and the bottom layer metal is orthogonal to the top layer metal, which is not shown here. The E-plane and H-plane directional patterns of the designed transmission array antenna at 30GHz are shown in figures 12 and 13, the gain is 26.1dBi, the level of the side lobe is-20 dB, and the cross polarization is-25 dB. As shown in fig. 14, the maximum peak gain is 27.2dBi (36 GHz), the 1dB gain bandwidth is 30.4-38.48GHz (23.5%), the 3dB gain bandwidth is 26.5-40GHz (40.6%), and the gain of the transmissive array antenna is increased by about 11dB compared with that of the feed horn 8. The aperture efficiency is shown in fig. 15, the aperture efficiency at 30GHz is 66.1%, the maximum aperture efficiency is 71.3% (31.5 GHz), and is greater than 50% in the range of 26.5-38GHz (35.7%). It can be seen that the designed transmissive array antenna has excellent performance with high broadband efficiency.
The invention discloses a broadband high-efficiency polarization rotation transmission array antenna. The transmission array is composed of 28 × 28 polarization rotation units. Firstly, the transmission array unit is designed, and the transmission array unit is required to realize polarization rotation and provide phase compensation. In the design process of the transmission array unit, the broadband performance needs to be realized, and the invention adopts the scheme of loading the parasitic branch 5. After the unit is designed, a feed source loudspeaker 8 is designed, then a transmission array is designed, and a proper caliber and a proper focal length ratio (the ratio of the focal length to the side length of the transmission array) are selected to achieve the best performance.
The present invention is capable of other embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A broadband high-efficiency polarization rotation transmission array antenna is characterized in that: the transmission array comprises a transmission array and a feed source loudspeaker (8) arranged right below the transmission array, wherein the transmission array consists of 28x28 transmission array units, each transmission array unit comprises top layer metal, an upper layer medium substrate (1), middle layer metal (6), a lower layer medium substrate (2) and bottom layer metal which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, the top layer metal and the bottom layer metal are polarization grids, the top layer metal and the bottom layer metal are mutually orthogonally arranged, the middle layer metal (6) is a polarization torsion structure, and the middle layer metal (6) comprises main branches (4) and parasitic branches (5); the parasitic branch (5) comprises two d3 sections which are arranged vertically; the main branch section (4) comprises two d2 sections which are arranged vertically, and the end parts of the two d2 sections are vertically connected with a d1 section; the two d3 sections form an angle which is vertical to each other, and the two d2 sections form an angle which is positioned inside the angle which is vertical to each other, and the opening directions of the two angles are consistent.
2. The broadband high efficiency polar rotating transmissive array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the periodic length of the transmission array unit is 2.5mm, the thicknesses of the upper dielectric substrate (1) and the lower dielectric substrate (2) are both 1.524mm, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, and the loss tangent is 0.0009.
3. The broadband high efficiency polar rotating transmissive array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the top layer metal comprises 4 polarization grids which are uniformly distributed, the width of the polarization grids is 0,3mm, the bottom layer metal comprises 4 polarization grids which are uniformly distributed, and the polarization grids on the top layer metal are orthogonally placed.
4. The broadband high efficiency polar rotating transmissive array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the widths of the main branch (4) and the parasitic branch (5) are both 0.3mm, and the length of the parasitic branch (5) is fixed to be 1.2mm.
5. The broadband high efficiency polar rotating transmissive array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the length variation range of the d1 section of the main branch section (4) is 1.7-0.3mm, and the length variation range of the d2 section of the main branch section (4) is 2.2-1.9mm.
6. The broadband high efficiency polar rotating transmissive array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the aperture of the transmission array is 70x70mm.
7. The broadband high efficiency polar rotating transmissive array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the aperture of the feed source horn (8) is 20x15mm, the feed source horn (8) is placed at a position 66.5mm under the transmission array, namely the focal length is 66.5mm, and the focal diameter ratio is 0.95.
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