CN112978834B - Solar seawater desalination device of water surface floating type condenser - Google Patents

Solar seawater desalination device of water surface floating type condenser Download PDF

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CN112978834B
CN112978834B CN202110208026.5A CN202110208026A CN112978834B CN 112978834 B CN112978834 B CN 112978834B CN 202110208026 A CN202110208026 A CN 202110208026A CN 112978834 B CN112978834 B CN 112978834B
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water
condenser
light
heat
carbon black
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CN112978834A (en
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黄丛亮
杜长康
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D101/00—Coating compositions based on cellulose, modified cellulose, or cellulose derivatives
    • C09D101/08—Cellulose derivatives
    • C09D101/26—Cellulose ethers
    • C09D101/28—Alkyl ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/007—Modular design
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Abstract

The application discloses a solar seawater desalination device of a water surface floating type condenser, which sequentially comprises a light-transmitting heat-insulating plate, a light and heat plate, a capillary water absorption body, a hydrophobic gas-transmitting body and a condenser from top to bottom; the condenser is externally connected with a fresh water outlet pipe and a water collecting tank. The light-transmitting heat-insulating plate covers the light-heat plate to inhibit convection heat transfer loss. The photothermal plate comprises a heat conductor and a light absorption body covered on the surface, wherein the light absorption body is carbon black nano particles bonded by ethyl cellulose and terpineol, and the heat conductor is a thin aluminum plate. The capillary water absorption body is made of hydrophilic porous materials and absorbs water from a water body to the lower surface of the photo-thermal plate. The hydrophobic gas-permeable body is a high-molecular porous hydrophobic material, only allows vapor to permeate and prevents water from permeating. The condenser is made of thin aluminum plates, aluminum fins are arranged in the condenser and used for enhancing condensation heat exchange, and a fresh water outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the condenser and used for transferring fresh water to the water collecting tank.

Description

Solar seawater desalination device of water surface floating type condenser
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination, and particularly relates to a solar seawater desalination device of a water surface floating type condenser.
Background
With the rapid growth of the global population and the increasing problem of water pollution, the problem of shortage of water resources is becoming one of the major crisis facing the human society. Although the fresh water is in short supply, the seawater resource is quite abundant, which accounts for about 97.5 percent of the total amount of the global water resource, and the seawater desalination is one of the most potential ways for solving the crisis of the fresh water. At present, the seawater desalination technology in the industry is mainly driven by electric power, non-renewable fossil energy is consumed, and the environment is polluted. The solar energy is used as renewable energy, is used for heating seawater to generate steam, and then is condensed to obtain fresh water, has the advantages of cleanness, no pollution, simple structure, low cost and the like, and gradually becomes one of main seawater desalination modes.
The initial solar seawater desalination is mainly to lay light-absorbing material on the bottom of water or to spread light-absorbing particles inside the water, but this will cause the whole water to be heated, resulting in heat loss and low energy utilization efficiency. In addition, the two solar heating modes have small temperature rise to the water body, so that the evaporation rate is low. The concept of concentrating heat on a gas-liquid interface for local heating is proposed by a team of Chen and Steel institutions of the university of March science and technology in the United states in 2014, and the method for providing evaporated water through the capillary material can enable solar energy to heat only a thin water layer on the gas-liquid interface, so that heat loss is reduced, the temperature of the gas-liquid interface is increased, and the evaporation rate and the energy utilization efficiency are greatly improved.
However, most of the researches on the solar interface heating seawater desalination system in recent years are focused on evaporation, for example, evaporation rate and energy utilization efficiency are improved by changing evaporation structure and material performance, and the exploration on simple and efficient condensation of steam is rare. It is now common to add a transparent cavity above the evaporation surface and then condense the vapor on the cavity surface. However, the condensed water stays on the surface of the cavity in this way and is not easy to collect. And the condensed water retained on the surface of the cavity can influence the incidence of sunlight, and the energy efficiency of the system is reduced. In addition, the condensation cavity is exposed to air, so that the condensation heat of the steam is not released, and the condensation rate of the steam is low.
At present, the existing solar interface heating seawater desalination system is usually small in scale and is difficult to adapt to the requirement of large-scale seawater desalination. And the device can float on the water surface only by the supporting structure, thereby increasing the complexity of the device during installation and arrangement. Some also require electrically driven auxiliary equipment, adding to the complexity and additional cost of the overall system. Therefore, designing a seawater desalination system which has simple structure and low cost, can be assembled in a modularized manner, is large in scale and is driven by pure solar energy is another urgent need for practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
the solar seawater desalination device comprises a solar interface heating seawater desalination system, a solar energy interface heating seawater desalination system, a water-cooling water system, and is characterized in that the water-cooling water system is provided.
The technical scheme is as follows:
in order to achieve the purpose, the application is realized by the following technical scheme:
a solar seawater desalination device of a water surface floating type condenser comprises a light-transmitting heat insulation plate, a light and heat plate, a capillary water absorption body, a hydrophobic gas-transmitting body, a condenser, a fresh water outlet pipe and a water collection tank from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the light and heat plate is arranged between the light-transmitting heat insulation plate and the capillary water absorption body, the capillary water absorption body is of a box structure with an opening at the bottom, the hydrophobic gas-transmitting body is arranged at the top of the inner side of the capillary water absorption body, the hydrophobic gas-transmitting body is of a box structure with an opening at the bottom, the condenser is of a box structure with an opening at the top, a group of aluminum fins are arranged in the condenser, the condenser is connected with the top of the inner side of the hydrophobic gas-transmitting body, the fresh water outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the condenser, and the water collection tank is connected through a fresh water outlet pipe; the hydrophobic gas-permeable body is a high-molecular porous hydrophobic material which is PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene or PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride.
Preferably, the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate covers the light-heating plate, and is a transparent bubble film with the thickness of 0.5-3 cm; the photo-thermal plate comprises a heat conductor and a light absorption body covering the upper surface of the heat conductor, wherein the light absorption body is a carbon black nanoparticle layer bonded by ethyl cellulose and terpineol, and the thickness of the carbon black nanoparticle layer is 20-50 micrometers; the heat conductor is a thin aluminum plate, and the thickness of the heat conductor is 0.1-1 mm; the average light absorption rate of the light absorber in the range of 300-2500 nm of the solar radiation spectrum is 88-94 percent; the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductor is 237--1K-1。
Preferably, the thickness of the thin aluminum plate is 0.3 mm, the thickness of the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate is 1 cm, the light transmittance is 80%, and the thermal conductivity is 0.03W m-1K-1。
Preferably, the preparation method of the photo-thermal plate comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a carbon black alcohol solution: weighing 10 g of carbon black and dissolving the carbon black into 100 ml of alcohol, wherein the concentration of the alcohol is 95 percent;
and step two, transferring the carbon black alcohol solution obtained in the step one to a water bath kettle to carry out water bath heating to obtain carbon black viscose: the temperature of water bath heating is 40-80 ℃, and the time of water bath heating is 1-6 hours;
the third step: brushing the carbon black viscose heated in the water bath obtained in the second step on a thin aluminum plate by using a fine hair brush, and brushing 3 layers of carbon black viscose, wherein the interval between every two layers is 1 minute, and the brushing thickness is 20-50 micrometers;
the fourth step: and (3) moving the thin aluminum plate coated with the carbon black viscose to a drying oven for vacuum drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the light and heat plate.
Preferably, the carbon black alcohol solution in the first step further comprises an additive, the additive comprises ethyl cellulose and terpineol, and the ratio of the carbon black to the ethyl cellulose to the terpineol to the alcohol is 1: 2: 6: 10, namely 10 g of carbon black, 2 g of ethyl cellulose and 6 g of terpineol, and dissolving the ethyl cellulose into 100 ml of alcohol, wherein the viscosity of the ethyl cellulose is 6-9mPa S, the ethyl cellulose contains 5% of toluene and isopropanol, the carbon black is micron-sized carbon black particles, and the particle size of the carbon black particles is 2-10 microns; the temperature of the water bath heating in the second step is 60 ℃, and the heating time is 2 hours; the thickness of the brush coating in the third step is 40 micrometers.
Preferably, the capillary water-absorbing body is a hydrophilic porous fiber fabric, such as dust-free cloth, 55% of plant cellulose and 45% of polyester fiber; two ends of the capillary water absorption body extend into the seawater.
Preferably, the macromolecular porous hydrophobic material is a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.
Preferably, the condenser is made of a thin aluminum plate, the condenser floats on the sea surface to support the whole system, steam permeating from the hydrophobic permeable gas can be condensed into liquid water when contacting the inner wall surface of the condenser, the inner surface of the condenser is coated with a hydrophobic coating to promote water drops to quickly fall off and flow to the bottom of the condenser, the condensed water flowing to the bottom flows to the water collecting tank through the fresh water outlet pipe, the height of the condenser is 2-10 cm, the width of the condenser is 2-12 cm, aluminum fins are arranged in the condenser to enhance condensation heat exchange, the distance between the aluminum fins is 0.1-4 cm, and the height of the aluminum fins is 2-10 cm; the inner surface of the condenser is coated with a hydrophobic coating.
Preferably, the hydrophobic coating is teflon paint, and the height of the condenser is 4 cm, and the width of the condenser is 10 cm.
Preferably, the distance between the aluminum fins is 2 cm, the length is 4 cm, and the height is 4 cm.
Has the advantages that:
the application provides a surface of water floats formula condenser solar energy sea water desalination device possesses following beneficial effect:
1. the solar seawater desalination device provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple structure and easiness in operation, and the condenser is arranged between the evaporation surface and the water surface, so that the problem of light blocking of condensed water and steam is solved, the condensation heat of the steam can be rapidly dissipated by utilizing water cooling, efficient steam condensation is realized, and the condensation efficiency of the solar seawater desalination system is improved.
2. The solar seawater desalination system of the water surface floating condenser can automatically float on the water surface without any supporting facilities for efficient seawater desalination, and can be assembled in a modularized mode and directly float on the sea surface in a large scale for large-scale solar seawater desalination to produce fresh water.
3. But simple structure, scale installation, easily operation, full solar drive, can utilize water-cooling high-efficient condensation steam, solve solar energy interface heating sea water desalination system steam condensation inefficiency and the problem that is in the light of comdenstion water, solar energy sea water desalination system's scale and whole system efficiency all obviously improve, and the ion concentration of the comdenstion water after the sea water desalination all accords with the standard of world health organization to the drinking water.
4. The solar seawater desalination device of the water surface floating condenser provided by the invention has the characteristics of autonomous floating, simple structure, simple operation, low cost, flexible modular assembly scale and pure solar drive.
5. The solar seawater desalination system with the water surface floating type condenser provided by the invention can efficiently condense steam generated by interface evaporation, solves the problem of light blocking of condensed water and water vapor, and improves the system energy utilization efficiency and stability of the solar seawater desalination system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar seawater desalination apparatus provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side structure diagram of a solar seawater desalination apparatus provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 3 is an evaporation and condensation schematic diagram of a solar seawater desalination apparatus provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a manufacturing process of the solar seawater desalination apparatus photothermal plate provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a solar seawater desalination apparatus photothermal plate provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 6 is an internal structure diagram of a condenser of a solar seawater desalination apparatus provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 7 shows the light absorption rate of the solar seawater desalination apparatus photothermal plate provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Description of reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a light-transmitting heat-insulating plate, 2 a light-heating plate, 3 a capillary water-absorbing body, 4 a hydrophobic gas-transmitting body, 5 a condenser, 6 a fresh water outlet pipe, 7 a water collecting tank, 8 a light-absorbing body, 9 and a heat conductor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. The following examples are presented for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention in any way and in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the solar seawater desalination device of the water surface floating condenser provided by the present application sequentially comprises a light-transmitting heat-insulating plate 1, a light-heating plate 2, a capillary water-absorbing body 3, a hydrophobic gas-transmitting body 4, a condenser 5, a fresh water outlet pipe 6 and a water collection tank 7 from top to bottom, for example, the light-heating plate 2 is arranged between the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate 1 and the capillary water-absorbing body 3, the capillary water-absorbing body 3 is of a box structure with an open bottom, the hydrophobic gas-transmitting body 4 is arranged at the top of the inner side of the capillary water-absorbing body 3, the hydrophobic gas-transmitting body 4 is of a box structure with an open bottom, the condenser 5 is of a box structure with an open top, the condenser is connected with the top of the inner side of the hydrophobic gas-transmitting body 4, the fresh water outlet pipe 6 is arranged at the bottom of the condenser 5, and the water collection tank 7 are connected through the fresh water outlet pipe 6; the hydrophobic gas permeable body 4 is a high-molecular porous hydrophobic material which is PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene or PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride.
As shown in FIG. 4, the preparation process of the photothermal material comprises the steps of preparing carbon black adhesive by a magnetic stirring method and a water heating method, and preparing the carbon black coating on the aluminum plate by a brush coating method and a vacuum drying method.
The photo-thermal material provided by the invention is subjected to the following performance tests:
light absorption rate: an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer model Lambda 750S was used. The tested spectral wavelength is 300-2500 nm. Using the formula: the light absorption rate was 1-light reflectance, and the average light absorption rate was calculated.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the whole solar seawater desalination device of the water surface floating condenser floats on the water surface. The light-transmitting heat-insulating plate 1 covers the photo-thermal plate 2, the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate 1 is a transparent bubble film, the light transmittance is high, the light loss is effectively reduced, the heat conductivity of the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate is close to that of air because the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate is filled with air, the heat conduction and convection heat loss of the light-thermal plate to the surrounding environment can be reduced, and the thickness is 0.5-3 cm; due to the characteristics of high light transmittance and low heat conductivity of the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate, the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate 1 can transmit sunlight to a light absorption surface of the light-heating plate, and the heat conduction and heat transfer loss of the surface 2 on the light-heating plate to the surrounding environment is reduced. The light and heat plate 2 is used for absorbing solar energy, converting the solar energy into heat energy and transmitting the heat energy to the evaporation surface for local heating to generate high temperature, and the light and heat plate 2 can absorb the solar energy and convert the solar energy into heat energy to heat seawater in the capillary water absorption body 3 below. The middle part of the capillary water absorption body 3 is attached to the bottom of the light and heat plate 2, the hydrophobic gas permeable body 4 is arranged at the top of the inner side of the capillary water absorption body 3, the hydrophobic gas permeable body 4 is of a box structure with an opening at the bottom, two ends of the hydrophobic gas permeable body are hung in water, and water is absorbed to the bottom of the light and heat plate by utilizing the capillary action to be heated and evaporated to generate steam. The steam that produces can pass through hydrophobic ventilative 4 and spread condenser 5 downwards, and the condenser links to each other with the inboard top of hydrophobic ventilative 4, and steam touches the inside condensation surface of condenser 5 and condenses into behind the water and flows to condenser 5 bottom, then through fresh water outlet pipe 6 outflow device, transfers the fresh water of collecting to header tank 7 for the use.
As shown in fig. 4, the light and heat plate 2 comprises a heat conductor 9 and a light absorber 8 covering the upper surface of the heat conductor 9, wherein the light absorber 8 is a carbon black nanoparticle layer bonded by ethyl cellulose and terpineol, and the thickness of the carbon black nanoparticle layer is 20-50 microns; the heat conductor is a thin aluminum plate with the thickness of 0.1-1 mm, and is a thin aluminum plate with high heat conductivity; the average light absorption rate of the light absorber in the range of 300-2500 nm of the solar radiation spectrum is 88-94 percent; the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductor is 237--1K-1. The thickness of the thin aluminum plate is 0.3 mm, the thickness of the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate 1 is 1 cm, the light transmittance is 80%, and the thermal conductivity is 0.03W m-1K-1。
The light absorber 8 can absorb solar energy incident on the surface and convert it into heat energy, creating a local high temperature. The heat conductor 9 is heated by the light absorber and transfers the heat energy generated by the light absorber to the lower surface for heating the seawater in the capillary water absorbent body 3 to generate steam.
As shown in fig. 6, the condenser 5 contains a set of aluminum fins with a spacing of 0.25 cm and a height of 4 cm.
The preparation method of the optical hot plate 2 comprises the following steps:
the invention also provides a preparation method of the photo-thermal evaporation material, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a carbon black alcohol solution: weighing 10 g of carbon black, dissolving into 100 ml of alcohol, wherein the concentration of the alcohol is 95%, the particle size of carbon black particles is 2-10 microns, and the proportion of the carbon black, the alcohol, the ethyl cellulose and the terpineol is 1: 10: 2: 6.
and step two, transferring the carbon black alcohol solution obtained in the step one to a water bath kettle to carry out water bath heating to obtain carbon black viscose: the temperature of water bath heating is 40-80 ℃, and the time of water bath heating is 1-6 hours;
the third step: brushing the carbon black viscose heated in the water bath obtained in the second step on a thin aluminum plate by using a fine hair brush, and brushing 3 layers of carbon black viscose, wherein the interval between every two layers is 1 minute, and the brushing thickness is 20-50 micrometers;
the fourth step: and (3) moving the thin aluminum plate coated with the carbon black viscose to a drying oven for vacuum drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the light and heat plate 2.
The carbon black alcohol solution in the first step further comprises an additive, wherein the additive comprises ethyl cellulose and terpineol carbon black, ethyl cellulose, terpineol and alcohol in a ratio of 1: 2: 6: 10 g of carbon black, 2 g of ethyl cellulose and 6 g of terpineol, and dissolving the mixture into 100 ml of alcohol, wherein the viscosity of the ethyl cellulose is 6-9mPa S, and the ethyl cellulose contains 5% of toluene and isopropanol; the proportion of carbon black, alcohol and additive in the carbon black alcohol solution is directly related to the light absorption rate, mechanical stability and cost of the light absorption body on the upper layer of the prepared light hot plate. When the proportion of carbon black in the carbon black alcohol solution is high and the proportion of the additive is low, the prepared light absorption body has high light absorption rate and low cost, but the mechanical stability is poor. When the proportion of the carbon black in the carbon black alcohol solution is low and the proportion of the additive is high, the prepared light absorption rate is low, the cost is high, but the mechanical property is good, the carbon black is micron-sized carbon black particles, and the particle size of the carbon black particles is 2-10 microns; the temperature of the water bath heating in the second step is 60 ℃, and the heating time is 2 hours; the thickness of the brush coating in the third step is 40 micrometers.
The capillary water absorption body 3 is a hydrophilic porous fiber fabric, and can absorb water from a water body by utilizing capillary action to convey the water to an evaporation surface for evaporation, such as dust-free cloth, 55% of plant cellulose and 45% of polyester fiber; the capillary water absorption body 3 is used for absorbing seawater below the light and heat plate to be heated and evaporated to generate steam, the middle part is attached to the lower surface of the light and heat plate in a wet state to be heated and evaporated, and two ends of the capillary water absorption body extend into the seawater.
The hydrophobic gas permeable body 4 is made of a high-molecular porous hydrophobic material, only allows vapor to permeate but prevents water from permeating, and the hydrophobic gas permeable body 4 is arranged below the capillary water absorbing body 3 and used for preventing seawater on an evaporation surface from directly contacting with the condenser so as to prevent the seawater from polluting fresh water in the condenser: the high-molecular porous hydrophobic material is PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene or PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride. The high-molecular porous hydrophobic material is a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.
As shown in FIG. 7, at a strength of 1kW m-2Under the illumination condition, the average light absorption rate of the photo-thermal plate 2 in the spectral range of the wavelength of 300-.
The condenser 5 is made by thin aluminum plate, the condenser 5 floats on the sea surface to support the whole system, steam which is permeated from the hydrophobic permeable gas 4 can be condensed into liquid water when meeting the inner wall surface of the condenser 5, the inner surface of the condenser 5 is coated with a hydrophobic coating to enable water drops to fall off quickly and flow to the bottom of the condenser 5, condensed water which flows to the bottom flows to the water collecting tank 7 through the fresh water outlet pipe 6, the height of the condenser 5 is 2-10 cm, the width of the condenser 5 is 2-12 cm, an aluminum fin is arranged in the condenser 5 and used for enhancing condensation heat exchange, and the inner surface of the condenser is coated with the hydrophobic coating. The hydrophobic coating is Teflon coating, the height of the condenser is 4 cm, and the width of the condenser is 10 cm. The distance between the aluminum fins is 2 cm, the length is 4 cm, and the height is 4 cm.
The solar seawater desalination device of the water surface floating condenser provided by the invention is used for desalinating seawater with the salinity of 3.5%, the production rate of fresh water is 2 liters per day, the salinity of obtained condensed water is 0.005%, and the standard of world health organization on available water is met.
Example 2:
the solar seawater desalination device of the water surface floating type condenser used in the embodiment is as shown in embodiment 1, wherein the distance between fins inside the condenser is 0.5 cm.
The results of the performance tests of this example are shown in Table 1.
Example 3:
the solar seawater desalination device of the water surface floating type condenser used in the embodiment is as shown in embodiment 1, wherein the distance between fins inside the condenser is 1 cm.
The results of the performance tests of this example are shown in Table 1.
Example 4
The solar seawater desalination device of the water surface floating condenser used in this embodiment is as shown in embodiment 1, wherein the distance between fins inside the condenser is 2 cm.
The results of the performance tests of this example are shown in Table 1.
Example 5
The solar seawater desalination device of the water surface floating type condenser used in the embodiment is as shown in embodiment 1, wherein the distance between fins inside the condenser is 4 cm.
The results of the performance tests of this example are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 results of performance tests of solar seawater desalination plant with water surface floating type condenser prepared in examples 1 to 5
Figure GDA0003535810980000071
Figure GDA0003535810980000081
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the embodiments, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make improvements, substitutions and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a surface of water floats formula condenser solar energy sea water desalination device which characterized in that: the solar seawater desalination device of the water surface floating type condenser comprises a light-transmitting heat-insulating plate (1), a light-heat plate (2), a capillary water absorption body (3), a hydrophobic gas-transmitting body (4), a condenser (5), a fresh water outlet pipe (6) and a water collection tank (7) from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the light-heat plate (2) is arranged between the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate (1) and the capillary water absorption body (3), and the capillary water absorption body (3) is the bottomThe water and gas drainage and permeation device comprises an open box structure, a water and gas drainage and permeation body (4) is arranged at the top of the inner side of a capillary water absorption body (3), the water and gas drainage and permeation body (4) is of a box structure with an opening at the bottom, a condenser (5) is of a box structure with an opening at the top, a group of aluminum fins are arranged in the condenser (5), the condenser (5) is connected with the top of the inner side of the water and gas drainage and permeation body (4), a fresh water outlet pipe (6) is arranged at the bottom of the condenser (5), and the condenser (5) and a water collection tank (7) are connected through a fresh water outlet pipe (6); the hydrophobic gas permeable body (4) is a high-molecular porous hydrophobic material, and the high-molecular porous hydrophobic material is PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene or PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride; the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate (1) covers the light-heating plate (2), and the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate (1) is a transparent bubble film with the thickness of 0.5-3 cm; the light and heat plate (2) comprises a heat conductor (9) and a light absorption body (8) covering the upper surface of the heat conductor (9), wherein the light absorption body (8) is a carbon black nanoparticle layer bonded by ethyl cellulose and terpineol, and the thickness of the carbon black nanoparticle layer is 20-50 micrometers; the heat conductor (9) is a thin aluminum plate, and the thickness of the heat conductor is 0.1-1 mm; the average light absorption rate of the light absorber (8) in the range of 300-2500 nm of the solar radiation spectrum is 88-94 percent; the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductor is 237-
Figure 454418DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
The preparation method of the light and heat plate (2) comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a carbon black alcohol solution: weighing 10 g of carbon black and dissolving the carbon black into 100 ml of alcohol, wherein the concentration of the alcohol is 95 percent;
and step two, transferring the carbon black alcohol solution obtained in the step one to a water bath kettle to carry out water bath heating to obtain carbon black viscose: the temperature of water bath heating is 40-80 ℃, and the time of water bath heating is 1-6 hours;
the third step: brushing the carbon black viscose heated in the water bath obtained in the second step on a thin aluminum plate by using a fine hair brush, and brushing 3 layers of carbon black viscose, wherein the interval between every two layers is 1 minute, and the brushing thickness is 20-50 micrometers;
the fourth step: moving the thin aluminum plate coated with the carbon black viscose to a drying oven for vacuum drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a light and heat plate (2);
the carbon black alcohol solution in the first step further comprises an additive, the additive comprises ethyl cellulose and terpineol, and the proportion of the carbon black, the ethyl cellulose, the terpineol and the alcohol is 1: 2: 6: 10 g of carbon black, 2 g of ethyl cellulose and 6 g of terpineol are dissolved in 100 ml of alcohol, and the viscosity of the ethyl cellulose is 6-9
Figure 919029DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The ethyl cellulose contains 5 percent of toluene and isopropanol, the carbon black is micron-sized carbon black particles, and the particle size of the carbon black particles is 2-10 microns; the temperature of the water bath heating in the second step is 60 ℃, and the heating time is 2 hours; the thickness of the brush coating in the third step is 40 micrometers.
2. The solar seawater desalination device of the water surface floating condenser according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the thin aluminum plate is 0.3 mm, the thickness of the light-transmitting heat-insulating plate (1) is 1 cm, the light transmittance is 80 percent, and the heat conductivity is 0.03
Figure 433187DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
。
3. The solar seawater desalination plant of the water surface floating condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-molecular porous hydrophobic material is a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane.
4. The solar seawater desalination plant of the water surface floating condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that: the condenser (5) is made of a thin aluminum plate, the condenser (5) floats on the sea surface to support the whole system, steam permeating from the hydrophobic permeable gas (4) can be condensed into liquid water when contacting the inner wall surface of the condenser (5), the inner surface of the condenser (5) is coated with a hydrophobic coating to promote water drops to quickly fall off and flow to the bottom of the condenser (5), condensed water flowing to the bottom flows to a water collecting tank (7) through a fresh water outlet pipe (6), the height of the condenser (5) is 2-10 cm, the width of the condenser is 2-12 cm, aluminum fins are arranged inside the condenser (5) to enhance condensation heat exchange, the distance between the aluminum fins is 0.1-4 cm, and the height of the aluminum fins is 2-10 cm; the inner surface of the condenser is coated with a hydrophobic coating.
5. The solar seawater desalination plant of the water surface floating condenser according to claim 4, wherein: the hydrophobic coating is Teflon coating, the height of the condenser is 4 cm, and the width of the condenser is 10 cm.
6. The solar seawater desalination plant of the water surface floating condenser according to claim 4, wherein: the distance between the aluminum fins is 2 cm, the length is 4 cm, and the height is 4 cm.
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