CN114976357B - Power battery cooling system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange - Google Patents
Power battery cooling system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange Download PDFInfo
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- CN114976357B CN114976357B CN202210644747.5A CN202210644747A CN114976357B CN 114976357 B CN114976357 B CN 114976357B CN 202210644747 A CN202210644747 A CN 202210644747A CN 114976357 B CN114976357 B CN 114976357B
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- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005471 saturated fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
- H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a power battery heat dissipation system based on phase change material circulation, wherein a power battery comprises N battery monomers; the power battery cooling system comprises N-1 cooling fins, a flat heat pipe and a circulating heat exchange module; the N battery monomers and the N-1 radiating fins are alternately laminated in sequence to form a battery module; the flat heat pipe is fixed on the upper end face of the battery module; the circulating heat exchange module is arranged on the flat heat pipe and comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, a solid phase change material, a pressing plate and a pressing rod. The invention has the advantages of high heat dissipation efficiency, reliable heat dissipation temperature, long heat dissipation period and the like, and each device module is bad in distribution, convenient to operate and maintain, can be recycled, is used for heat dissipation of the power battery with high power and high charging period, and can improve the working performance and stability of the battery module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of temperature control of power batteries, in particular to a power battery heat dissipation system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange.
Background
The electric automobile has the advantages of small noise, low pollution, simple structure, convenient use and maintenance, high energy conversion efficiency and the like, and gradually becomes the development direction of the future automobile. The power battery serving as the heart of the electric automobile is a power source spring of the automobile and is also a key factor influencing the development of the electric automobile.
In recent years, with the rapid development of electric vehicles, people continuously increase the endurance mileage, the rapid charging characteristics and the power requirements of the electric vehicles, and meanwhile, the power battery requirements of high energy density and power density are also rapidly increasing. However, the thermal safety of lithium ion batteries with high energy density and power density is a major problem faced by the development of lithium ion batteries and electric vehicles, and the higher energy density and power density mean that more heat is generated in working engineering, so that the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery is severely changed. Studies have shown that power cell charge, discharge capacity, cycle life and thermal safety are largely dependent on temperature. Once the battery material is within the abnormal temperature range, the performance and stability of the lithium ion battery are rapidly degraded. An excessively low temperature may cause an increase in internal resistance and polarized internal resistance of the lithium ion battery, a large power and energy loss, and a small discharge capacity of the battery; excessive temperatures can exacerbate the degradation rate of the battery, thereby reducing the operating performance and cycle life. Therefore, the temperature greatly affects the performance of the battery device, and controlling a stable and proper temperature plays a decisive role in improving the performance of the battery.
At present, the power battery device mainly adopts an air forced convection heat transfer mode to conduct heat dissipation and cooling, namely, air is forced to flow in a single battery shell to take away heat, and the heat conduction coefficient is small, the heat dissipation and cooling efficiency is low due to the defects of low heat conduction coefficient, small heat capacity and the like of the air, and the temperature uniformity of the battery device is affected by uneven air flowing in the battery device. The phase change material has the advantages of stable temperature and higher storage density in the solid-liquid phase transformation process. The method can effectively improve the thermal performance of the power battery, but the traditional method for cooling the power battery by using the phase change material often reduces the temperature control effect of the phase change material along with the increase of discharge time, so that the problems of the consumption of the phase change material and the weight of the battery pack form a contradiction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a power battery heat dissipation system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange aiming at the defects related to the background technology.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
The power battery cooling system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange comprises N battery monomers, wherein the battery monomers are cuboid, N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, and the power battery cooling system comprises N-1 cooling fins, a flat heat pipe and a circulation heat exchange module;
The N battery cells and the N-1 radiating fins are sequentially and alternately laminated to form a battery module, wherein the electrodes of the N battery modules face the same direction and are positioned on the same side wall of the battery module;
The flat heat pipe is fixed on the upper end face of the battery module and is contacted with N battery monomers and N-1 radiating fins;
the circulating heat exchange module is arranged on the flat heat pipe and comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, a solid phase change material, a pressing plate and a pressing rod;
The outer shell and the inner shell are hollow cylinders with openings at two ends and are vertically arranged, and the lower ends of the hollow cylinders are hermetically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe; the outer shell is sleeved outside the inner shell, the height of the outer shell is larger than that of the inner shell, a first cavity is formed among the outer shell, the flat heat pipe and the inner shell, and a second cavity is formed among the inner shell and the flat heat pipe;
The bottom of the inner shell is provided with a plurality of through holes for communicating the first cavity with the second cavity;
The solid phase change material is arranged in the second cavity;
The lower end of the compression bar is vertically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the compression plate, and the upper end of the compression bar is connected with an external pressure system and used for pressing the solid phase change material on the upper end face of the flat heat pipe through the compression plate and ensuring that the solid phase change material always contacts with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe.
As a further optimization scheme of the power battery cooling system based on the phase change material circulation heat exchange, the cooling fin is made of aluminum alloy.
As a further optimization scheme of the power battery heat dissipation system based on the phase change material circulation heat exchange, the flat plate heat pipe is connected with an external circulation cooling system so as to strengthen heat dissipation of the battery module.
As a further optimization scheme of the power battery heat dissipation system based on the phase change material circulation heat exchange, the outer shell and the inner shell are made of any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
As a further optimization scheme of the power battery heat dissipation system based on the phase change material circulation heat exchange, the solid phase change material is formed by compounding an organic matter and an inorganic matter, the phase change of the solid phase change material is stabilized at 40-50 ℃, wherein the organic matter is saturated fatty acid or straight chain alkane jing, and the inorganic matter is expanded graphite.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the composite phase change material has higher heat conductivity coefficient and stronger heat storage capacity, so that the heat storage and heat dissipation rate of the battery heat dissipation device is high;
2. the invention provides solid-liquid-solid recycling of the phase change material, so that the phase change material near the heat source end of the device can always keep solid state, the temperature control time of the battery is long, and the uniformity is better;
3. the radiating fins are used for heat conduction and heat exchange between the battery monomers, so that the heat exchange coefficient is high, and the heat transfer rate is faster;
4. the flat heat pipe is used for heat dissipation of the battery pack, so that the heat dissipation effect is better, and the heat dissipation rate is faster;
5. The phase change material of the power battery heat dissipation device can be disassembled and assembled in a circulating way, so that the whole device is modularized, the maintenance is facilitated, and the cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-compression bar, 2-compression plate, 3-inner shell, 4-outer shell, 5-flat heat pipe, 6-battery monomer, 7-cooling fin and 8-solid phase change material.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
This invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the components are exaggerated for clarity.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention discloses a power battery heat dissipation system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange, wherein the power battery comprises N battery monomers, the battery monomers are cuboid, N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, and the power battery heat dissipation system comprises N-1 radiating fins, a flat heat pipe and a circulation heat exchange module;
The N battery cells and the N-1 radiating fins are sequentially and alternately laminated to form a battery module, wherein the electrodes of the N battery modules face the same direction and are positioned on the same side wall of the battery module;
The flat heat pipe is fixed on the upper end face of the battery module and is contacted with N battery monomers and N-1 radiating fins;
the circulating heat exchange module is arranged on the flat heat pipe and comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, a solid phase change material, a pressing plate and a pressing rod;
The outer shell and the inner shell are hollow cylinders with openings at two ends and are vertically arranged, and the lower ends of the hollow cylinders are hermetically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe; the outer shell is sleeved outside the inner shell, the height of the outer shell is larger than that of the inner shell, a first cavity is formed among the outer shell, the flat heat pipe and the inner shell, and a second cavity is formed among the inner shell and the flat heat pipe;
The bottom of the inner shell is provided with a plurality of through holes for communicating the first cavity with the second cavity;
The solid phase change material is arranged in the second cavity;
The lower end of the compression bar is vertically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the compression plate, and the upper end of the compression bar is connected with an external pressure system and used for pressing the solid phase change material on the upper end face of the flat heat pipe through the compression plate and ensuring that the solid phase change material always contacts with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe.
The radiating fin is made of aluminum alloy. The outer shell and the inner shell are made of any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
The flat plate heat pipe is connected with an external circulating cooling system to strengthen heat dissipation of the battery module.
The solid phase change material is formed by compounding an organic matter and an inorganic matter, the phase change of the solid phase change material is stabilized to be 40-50 ℃, wherein the organic matter is saturated fatty acid or straight chain alkane, and the inorganic matter is expanded graphite.
During primary working, heat of the battery module is transferred to the flat heat pipe through the radiating fins and the battery monomers, the bottom of the solid phase change material in contact with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe is heated and then melted, the solid phase change material is converted into liquid phase and then flows to the first cavity through the through hole in the bottom of the inner shell from the second cavity, and the solid phase change material is always in contact with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe in the whole working process under the action of an external pressure system while the solid phase change material is melted. At the end of the initial operation, i.e. at the end of the discharge, the liquid phase portion of the phase change material has filled the first cavity and flowed back from the upper end portion of the first cavity into the second cavity. At this time, the pressing rod and the pressing plate are slowly retracted, so that the liquid phase part attached to the pressing rod falls into the second cavity under the action of gravity. The liquid phase change materials in the first cavity and the second cavity are gradually cooled and solidified due to the reduction of temperature, and finally are all converted into solid phase, and the height of the upper end face of the solid phase is lower than that of the upper end face of the solid phase change material in the first working process; after the charging is completed, the battery module enters a second working cycle, at the moment, the battery module continuously transfers heat to the bottom of the solid phase change material, and the bottom of the solid phase change material in the first cavity and the second cavity is simultaneously melted and converted into a liquid phase; at this time, the external pressure system applies pressure to the solid phase change material in the second cavity again, so that the liquid phase in the second cavity flows towards the first cavity and extrudes the liquid phase at the lower end of the first cavity, the liquid phase in the first cavity can push the solid phase change material remained in the first cavity due to the previous circulation to be conveyed upwards along with the increasing pressure, the top of the solid phase change material falls into the second cavity and is covered by the remaining liquid phase, and finally enters into the circulation of the first working end at the end of the second working to reciprocate, so that the phase change material circulation heat exchange module is completed.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The power battery cooling system based on the phase change material circulation heat exchange comprises N battery monomers, wherein the battery monomers are cuboid, N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, and the power battery cooling system is characterized by comprising N-1 cooling fins, a flat heat pipe and a circulation heat exchange module;
The N battery cells and the N-1 radiating fins are sequentially and alternately laminated to form a battery module, wherein the electrodes of the N battery modules face the same direction and are positioned on the same side wall of the battery module;
The flat heat pipe is fixed on the upper end face of the battery module and is contacted with N battery monomers and N-1 radiating fins;
the circulating heat exchange module is arranged on the flat heat pipe and comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, a solid phase change material, a pressing plate and a pressing rod;
The outer shell and the inner shell are hollow cylinders with openings at two ends and are vertically arranged, and the lower ends of the hollow cylinders are hermetically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe; the outer shell is sleeved outside the inner shell, the height of the outer shell is larger than that of the inner shell, a first cavity is formed among the outer shell, the flat heat pipe and the inner shell, and a second cavity is formed among the inner shell and the flat heat pipe;
The bottom of the inner shell is provided with a plurality of through holes for communicating the first cavity with the second cavity;
The solid phase change material is arranged in the second cavity;
The lower end of the compression bar is vertically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the compression plate, and the upper end of the compression bar is connected with an external pressure system and used for pressing the solid phase change material on the upper end face of the flat heat pipe through the compression plate and ensuring that the solid phase change material always contacts with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe.
2. The heat dissipation system for a power battery based on phase change material cyclic heat exchange of claim 1, wherein the heat dissipation fin is made of aluminum alloy.
3. The heat dissipation system for a power battery based on phase change material cyclic heat exchange of claim 1, wherein the flat plate heat pipe is connected with an external cyclic cooling system to enhance heat dissipation to the battery module.
4. The heat dissipation system for a power battery based on phase change material cyclic heat exchange according to claim 1, wherein the outer shell and the inner shell are made of any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
5. The heat dissipation system of the power battery based on the cyclic heat exchange of the phase change material according to claim 1, wherein the solid phase change material is formed by compounding an organic matter and an inorganic matter, the phase change of the solid phase change material is stabilized at 40-50 ℃, the organic matter is saturated fatty acid or linear alkane, and the inorganic matter is expanded graphite.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210644747.5A CN114976357B (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Power battery cooling system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange |
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| CN202210644747.5A CN114976357B (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Power battery cooling system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange |
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| CN114976357A CN114976357A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
| CN114976357B true CN114976357B (en) | 2024-05-24 |
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| CN114976357A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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