CN114976357A - Power battery cooling system based on phase change material circulation heat transfer - Google Patents
Power battery cooling system based on phase change material circulation heat transfer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114976357A CN114976357A CN202210644747.5A CN202210644747A CN114976357A CN 114976357 A CN114976357 A CN 114976357A CN 202210644747 A CN202210644747 A CN 202210644747A CN 114976357 A CN114976357 A CN 114976357A
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- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005471 saturated fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
- H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a power battery heat dissipation system based on phase change material circulation, wherein a power battery comprises N battery monomers; the power battery cooling system comprises N-1 cooling fins, a flat heat pipe and a circulating heat exchange module; the N battery monomers and the N-1 radiating fins are sequentially and alternately stacked to form a battery module; the flat heat pipe is fixed on the upper end face of the battery module; the circulating heat exchange module is arranged on the flat heat pipe and comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, a solid phase change material, a pressing plate and a pressing rod. The invention has the advantages of high heat dissipation efficiency, reliable heat dissipation temperature, long heat dissipation period and the like, and each device module is distributed badly, is convenient to operate and maintain, can be recycled, is used for heat dissipation of power batteries with high power and high charging period, and can improve the working performance and stability of the battery module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power battery temperature control, in particular to a power battery heat dissipation system based on phase-change material circulation heat exchange.
Background
The electric automobile has become the development direction of future automobiles gradually due to the advantages of low noise, low pollution, simple structure, convenient use and maintenance, high energy conversion efficiency and the like. The power battery as the heart of the electric automobile is a power source of the automobile and is also a key factor influencing the development of the electric automobile.
In recent years, with the rapid development of electric vehicles, the driving mileage, the quick charging characteristic and the power demand of the electric vehicles are continuously increased, and meanwhile, the demand of the power batteries with high energy density and power density is rapidly increased. However, the thermal safety of the lithium ion battery with high energy density and power density is a major problem in the development of the lithium ion battery and the electric vehicle, and the higher energy density and power density means that the lithium ion battery generates more heat in the work process, thereby causing the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery to change dramatically. Research has shown that power battery charge and discharge capacity, cycle life and thermal safety are highly dependent on temperature. The performance and stability of lithium ion batteries are rapidly degraded once the battery material is within an abnormal temperature range. Too low a temperature will cause an increase in internal resistance and polarization resistance of the lithium ion battery, power and energy losses will increase, and the discharge capacity of the battery will also decrease; excessive temperatures can increase the rate of degradation of the battery, thereby reducing operating performance and cycle life. Therefore, the temperature greatly affects the performance of the battery device, and controlling the temperature stably and appropriately plays a crucial role in improving the performance of the battery.
At present, a power battery device mainly adopts a mode of forced air convection heat transfer for heat dissipation and cooling, namely air is forced to flow in a single battery shell to take away heat of the single battery shell, and due to the defects of low heat conductivity coefficient, small heat capacity and the like of the air, the heat transfer coefficient is small, the heat dissipation and cooling efficiency is low, and the temperature uniformity of the battery device is influenced by the non-uniform flow of the air in the battery device. The phase-change material has the advantages of stable temperature and higher storage density in the solid-liquid phase-change process. The method can effectively improve the thermal property of the power battery, but the traditional method for cooling the power battery by using the phase-change material often leads to the contradiction between the dosage of the phase-change material and the weight of the battery pack because the temperature control effect of the phase-change material is reduced along with the increase of the discharge time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a power battery heat dissipation system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange aiming at the defects involved in the background technology.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a power battery heat dissipation system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange comprises N battery monomers, wherein each battery monomer is a cuboid, N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, and the power battery heat dissipation system comprises N-1 cooling fins, a flat heat pipe and a circulation heat exchange module;
the N battery monomers and the N-1 radiating fins are sequentially and alternately stacked to form a battery module, wherein the electrodes of the N battery modules face the same direction and are positioned on the same side wall of the battery module;
the flat heat pipe is fixed on the upper end face of the battery module and is in contact with the N battery monomers and the N-1 radiating fins;
the circulating heat exchange module is arranged on the flat heat pipe and comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, a solid phase change material, a pressure plate and a pressure rod;
the outer shell and the inner shell are hollow cylinders with openings at two ends, and are both vertically arranged, and the lower ends of the hollow cylinders are hermetically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe; the outer shell is sleeved outside the inner shell, the height of the outer shell is larger than that of the inner shell, a first cavity is formed among the outer shell, the flat heat pipe and the inner shell, and a second cavity is formed among the inner shell and the flat heat pipe;
the bottom of the inner shell is provided with a plurality of through holes for communicating the first cavity with the second cavity;
the solid phase change material is arranged in the second cavity;
the lower end of the pressure rod is vertically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the pressure plate, and the upper end of the pressure rod is connected with an external pressure system and used for pressing the solid phase change material on the upper end face of the flat heat pipe through the pressure plate so as to ensure that the solid phase change material is always in contact with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe.
As a further optimization scheme of the power battery heat dissipation system based on the phase-change material circulation heat exchange, the heat dissipation fins are made of aluminum alloy.
As a further optimization scheme of the power battery heat dissipation system based on the phase-change material circulation heat exchange, the flat heat pipe is connected with an external circulation cooling system to enhance the heat dissipation of the battery module.
As a further optimization scheme of the phase-change material circulation heat exchange-based power battery heat dissipation system, the outer shell and the inner shell are made of any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
As a further optimization scheme of the power battery heat dissipation system based on the phase change material circulation heat exchange, the solid phase change material is formed by compounding an organic matter and an inorganic matter, the phase change stability of the solid phase change material is 40-50 ℃, wherein the organic matter is saturated fatty acid or straight chain alkane, and the inorganic matter is expanded graphite.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
1. the composite phase-change material has higher heat conductivity coefficient and stronger heat storage capacity, so that the heat storage and heat dissipation rate of the battery heat dissipation device is high;
2. because the invention provides the solid-liquid-solid cyclic utilization of the phase-change material, the near-heat source end of the phase-change material of the device can always keep a solid state, the temperature control time of the battery is long, and the uniformity of the battery is better;
3. the radiating fins are used for heat conduction and heat exchange among the battery monomers, so that the heat exchange coefficient is high, and the heat transfer rate is higher;
4. the flat heat pipe is used for heat dissipation of the battery pack, so that the heat dissipation effect is better, and the heat dissipation speed is higher;
5. the phase change material of the power battery heat dissipation device can be disassembled and assembled in a circulating heat exchange mode, so that the whole device is modularized, is beneficial to maintenance and is low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-pressure rod, 2-pressure plate, 3-inner shell, 4-outer shell, 5-flat heat pipe, 6-battery monomer, 7-heat sink, 8-solid phase change material.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:
the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, components are exaggerated for clarity.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention discloses a power battery heat dissipation system based on phase-change material circulation heat exchange, wherein the power battery comprises N battery cells, each battery cell is a cuboid, N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, and the power battery heat dissipation system comprises N-1 heat dissipation fins, a flat heat pipe and a circulation heat exchange module;
the N battery monomers and the N-1 radiating fins are sequentially and alternately stacked to form a battery module, wherein the electrodes of the N battery modules face the same direction and are positioned on the same side wall of the battery module;
the flat heat pipe is fixed on the upper end face of the battery module and is in contact with the N battery monomers and the N-1 radiating fins;
the circulating heat exchange module is arranged on the flat heat pipe and comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, a solid phase change material, a pressure plate and a pressure rod;
the outer shell and the inner shell are hollow cylinders with openings at two ends, and are both vertically arranged, and the lower ends of the hollow cylinders are hermetically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe; the outer shell is sleeved outside the inner shell, the height of the outer shell is larger than that of the inner shell, a first cavity is formed among the outer shell, the flat heat pipe and the inner shell, and a second cavity is formed among the inner shell and the flat heat pipe;
the bottom of the inner shell is provided with a plurality of through holes for communicating the first cavity with the second cavity;
the solid phase change material is arranged in the second cavity;
the lower end of the pressure rod is vertically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the pressure plate, and the upper end of the pressure rod is connected with an external pressure system and used for pressing the solid phase change material on the upper end face of the flat heat pipe through the pressure plate so as to ensure that the solid phase change material is always in contact with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe.
The radiating fins are made of aluminum alloy. The outer shell and the inner shell are made of any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
The flat heat pipe is connected with an external circulating cooling system to enhance the heat dissipation of the battery module.
The solid phase change material is formed by compounding an organic matter and an inorganic matter, the phase change stability of the solid phase change material is 40-50 ℃, wherein the organic matter is saturated fatty acid or straight chain alkane-jing, and the inorganic matter is expanded graphite.
When the battery module works for the first time, heat of the battery module is transferred to the flat heat pipe through the radiating fins and the battery monomer, the bottom of the solid phase change material in contact with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe is heated and then begins to melt, the solid phase change material is converted into a liquid phase and then flows to the first cavity through the through hole in the bottom of the inner shell from the second cavity, and the solid phase change material in the whole working process is enabled to be in contact with the upper end of the flat heat pipe all the time under the action of an external pressure system when the solid phase change material melts. At the end of the initial operation, i.e. at the end of the discharge, the phase change material liquid phase part already fills the first cavity and flows back to the second cavity from the upper part of the first cavity. And at the moment, the pressure rod and the pressure plate are slowly retracted, so that the liquid phase attached to the pressure rod and the pressure plate falls into the second cavity due to the action of gravity. The liquid phase-change materials in the first cavity and the second cavity are gradually cooled and solidified due to the reduction of the temperature, and are finally completely converted into a solid phase, and the height of the upper end face of the solid phase is lower than that of the upper end face of the solid phase-change material in the first working; after charging is finished, entering a second working cycle, wherein the battery module continuously transfers heat to the bottom of the solid phase-change material, and the bottom of the solid phase-change material in the first cavity and the bottom of the solid phase-change material in the second cavity are simultaneously melted and converted into a liquid phase; at the moment, the external pressure system applies pressure to the solid phase-change material in the second cavity again, so that the liquid phase in the second cavity flows to the first cavity and extrudes the liquid phase at the lower end of the first cavity, the liquid phase in the first cavity can push the solid phase-change material remained in the first cavity due to the last circulation to be conveyed upwards along with the continuous increase of the pressure, the solid phase-change material falls into the second cavity at the top and then is covered by the reserved liquid phase, and finally the solid phase-change material enters the circulation at the tail end of the first working at the tail end of the second working, so that the circulation is repeated, and the phase-change material circulation heat exchange module is completed.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A power battery cooling system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange is characterized in that the power battery cooling system comprises N-1 cooling fins, flat heat pipes and a circulation heat exchange module, wherein the N battery monomers are cuboid, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2;
the N battery monomers and the N-1 radiating fins are sequentially and alternately stacked to form a battery module, wherein the electrodes of the N battery modules face the same direction and are positioned on the same side wall of the battery module;
the flat heat pipe is fixed on the upper end face of the battery module and is in contact with the N battery monomers and the N-1 radiating fins;
the circulating heat exchange module is arranged on the flat heat pipe and comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, a solid phase change material, a pressure plate and a pressure rod;
the outer shell and the inner shell are hollow cylinders with openings at two ends, and are both vertically arranged, and the lower ends of the hollow cylinders are hermetically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe; the outer shell is sleeved outside the inner shell, the height of the outer shell is larger than that of the inner shell, a first cavity is formed among the outer shell, the flat heat pipe and the inner shell, and a second cavity is formed among the inner shell and the flat heat pipe;
the bottom of the inner shell is provided with a plurality of through holes for communicating the first cavity with the second cavity;
the solid phase change material is arranged in the second cavity;
the lower end of the pressure rod is vertically and fixedly connected with the upper end face of the pressure plate, and the upper end of the pressure rod is connected with an external pressure system and used for pressing the solid phase change material on the upper end face of the flat heat pipe through the pressure plate so as to ensure that the solid phase change material is always in contact with the upper end face of the flat heat pipe.
2. The phase-change material circulation heat exchange-based power battery cooling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling fins are made of aluminum alloy.
3. The phase-change material circulation heat exchange-based power battery heat dissipation system as recited in claim 1, wherein the flat heat pipe is connected to an external circulation cooling system to enhance heat dissipation of the battery module.
4. The phase-change-material-cycle-heat-exchange-based power battery heat dissipation system as recited in claim 1, wherein the outer shell and the inner shell are made of any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
5. The power battery heat dissipation system based on the phase change material circulation heat exchange of claim 1, wherein the solid phase change material is formed by compounding an organic matter and an inorganic matter, the phase change stability of the solid phase change material is 40-50 ℃, the organic matter is saturated fatty acid or straight chain alkane, and the inorganic matter is expanded graphite.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210644747.5A CN114976357B (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Power battery cooling system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210644747.5A CN114976357B (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Power battery cooling system based on phase change material circulation heat exchange |
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| CN114976357B CN114976357B (en) | 2024-05-24 |
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| CN114976357B (en) | 2024-05-24 |
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