CN114965962A - Visualization method for applying transparent soil technology to composite aquifer structure and evolution thereof - Google Patents
Visualization method for applying transparent soil technology to composite aquifer structure and evolution thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a visualization method of applying a transparent soil technology to a composite aquifer structure and evolution thereof, which comprises the steps of manufacturing a composite aquifer physical model by adopting transparent soil, simulating complex geological structures such as fracture and fold, simulating complex lithologic strata, and arranging facilities such as underground passages, underground chambers, vertical shafts and the like; arranging an image acquisition system around the model box; carrying out artificial rainfall above the transparent soil model, wherein rainwater permeates into the transparent soil model; and water in the transparent soil model enters the coal mining facility simulation piece through the through hole, and the image acquisition system is adopted to realize the visual observation of the aquifer structure and the evolution thereof. Because the transparent soil model is made of transparent materials, the visualization of the aquifer structure and the evolution thereof is realized, and the change of the surrounding rock environment, the aquifer structure damage and the water circulation caused by the human engineering activity can be deeply analyzed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a visualization method for applying a transparent soil technology to a composite aquifer structure and evolution thereof.
Background
The human engineering activity process can change the underground aquifer structure, such as a roadway, a adit, a pumping and drainage well, a goaf and the like formed in the coal mining process, generate a new water-containing medium and change the characteristics of the original water-containing medium, wherein the water-containing structure is gradually evolved from the previous geological space to be mainly an artificial activity area; the relative relation between the water-resisting layer and the aquifer is changed, the cracks and the pipelines are communicated and communicated with a plurality of aquifers (groups), and the water circulation and the hydrodynamic field of the area are changed; groundwater systems have also been transformed from closed-semi-closed systems to open systems.
Indoor physical simulation is one of important methods for researching aquifer structure and evolution thereof, however, the supplement-path-discharge relation, flow state and dynamic change of a complex underground water system cannot be directly observed due to the complexity and invisibility of the internal structure of rock and soil mass.
The transparent soil material is a general name of artificially synthesized transparent simulation material with the engineering property similar to that of natural soil body, and is a two-phase medium consisting of a transparent framework material and transparent pore fluid matched with the refractive index of the transparent framework material. The method can be used for effectively simulating a natural soil body based on the transparent soil technology, can be used for carrying out non-intrusive, nondestructive and continuous measurement on the interior of the soil body, can avoid the interference of the rigidity, the size and the like of a sensor on a test result compared with the traditional measurement method of geotechnical engineering, can more comprehensively observe the motion characteristics of soil particles in the interior, and is more economic, intuitive and easy to operate compared with other non-intrusive methods such as Computer Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). At present, a transparent soil technology is generally used for researches in the fields of geological engineering and geotechnical engineering, CN 201811313074-a transparent soil deformation visualization system for simulating a seabed landslide, CN 201911073830-a seabed landslide evolution process simulation system and experimental method based on a transparent soil rotating water tank, CN 202110371146-a side slope loading and observation test method and device based on transparent cemented soil, and the like, at present, a transparent soil model is used for relevant reports of hydrogeological directions, such as CN 201610130987.8-a transparent soil test method for simulating groundwater seepage of a foundation pit precipitation confined aquifer, CN 201610004935.6-a foundation pit precipitation groundwater seepage visualization simulation test method based on transparent sandy soil, but the invention can be provided with a composite aquifer, can simulate complex geological structures such as fracture and fold, can be used for simulating complex lithologic strata, and can be provided with underground passages and underground chambers, Facilities such as a vertical shaft and the like research the supplement-path-discharge, flow state, dynamic change and the like of a complex underground water system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a visualization method for applying a transparent soil technology to a composite aquifer structure and evolution thereof. The transparent soil material is used for constructing a composite aquifer physical model, complex geological structures such as fracture and fold can be simulated, complex lithologic strata can be simulated, underground passages, underground chambers, vertical shafts and other facilities can be arranged, the modern optical observation technology and the image capturing and processing technology are adopted to realize the visual observation of the aquifer structure and the evolution thereof, and the method is favorable for deeply analyzing the surrounding rock environment change, the aquifer structure damage and the water circulation change caused by human engineering activities.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for visualizing the structure and evolution of a composite aquifer by using a transparent soil technology comprises
Transparent soil is adopted to manufacture a transparent soil model in a transparent model box, and when the transparent soil model is manufactured, simulation pieces such as a transparent underground passage, an underground chamber and a vertical shaft are pre-embedded in the transparent soil model, and through holes for water permeation are distributed on the simulation pieces;
arranging an image acquisition system around the model box;
carrying out artificial rainfall above the transparent soil model, wherein rainwater permeates into the transparent soil model;
a plurality of aquifers inside the transparent soil model are communicated through the simulation piece, water can seep in the whole aquifer structure model through the through holes, and newly-added aqueous media are restored under artificial activities. And monitoring the flow state of water and the change of water circulation in the visual observation model by adopting the image acquisition system.
Further, the transparent soil model is composed of aggregate and pore fluid.
Further, when the surface of the transparent soil model has an inclined stratum, a binder layer is laid on the surface of the inclined stratum.
Further, the preparation process of the transparent soil model comprises the following steps:
mixing fused quartz sand with the particle size of 0.25-0.50 mm with pore fluid to prepare first transparent soil; mixing fused quartz sand with the particle size of 0.50-1.00 mm with pore fluid to prepare second transparent soil; mixing fused quartz sand with the particle size of 1.00-2.00 mm with pore fluid to prepare third transparent soil; mixing amorphous silicon powder with the particle size of 45.00-75.00 mu m with pore fluid to prepare fourth transparent soil;
paving first transparent soil, second transparent soil or third transparent soil at the bottom of the mold cavity to obtain a first transparent soil layer; paving fourth transparent soil on the surface of the first transparent soil layer to obtain a second transparent soil layer; and paving the first transparent soil, the second transparent soil or the third transparent soil on the surface of the second transparent soil layer to obtain a third transparent soil layer, and embedding the aquifer simulation piece in the process.
Further, the preparation process of the first transparent soil, the second transparent soil, the third transparent soil and the fourth transparent soil is as follows:
wetting aggregate by using pore fluid to obtain a sample a;
exhausting the sample a for 6h in a vacuum environment to obtain a sample b;
in a vacuum environment, adding pore fluid into the sample b until the liquid level of the pore fluid is higher than the upper surface of the sample b to obtain a sample c;
the sample c is allowed to stand for more than 12 hours to obtain transparent soil.
Further, the adhesive layer is formed by mixing hydrophobic fumed silica, fused quartz sand and pore fluid, wherein the weight ratio of the fumed silica to the fused quartz sand is (1-3): 100, the weight ratio of pore fluid to fumed silica is 2.5: 1.
further, the preparation method of the pore fluid comprises the following steps: food grade # 3 white oil and # 15 white oil were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:3 at a temperature of 17.8 ℃ and then air was evacuated in a vacuum environment to yield a pore fluid with a refractive index of 1.4585.
Furthermore, the aquifer simulation piece comprises an underground chamber model and a vertical shaft model, through holes are formed in four surfaces of the underground chamber model, through holes are formed in the side wall of the lower portion of the vertical shaft model, and the length of the side wall provided with the through holes is one third of the total length of the vertical shaft model;
when the transparent soil model is manufactured, the underground chamber model is partially or integrally embedded in the transparent soil model, the lower part of the vertical shaft model is vertically embedded in the transparent soil model, and the upper end of the vertical shaft model extends out of the transparent soil model;
furthermore, the underground chamber and the underground passage model are rectangular acrylic boxes, and the vertical shaft model is an acrylic cylinder.
Further, when the transparent soil model is manufactured, a crack model for simulating cracks is embedded in the top of the transparent soil model, the crack model is a V-shaped acrylic plate, and the crack model is provided with a water through hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the transparent soil model is used for simulating a composite aquifer structure, such as a coal measure stratum aquifer structure, the simulation piece is constructed by using a transparent material to simulate facilities such as a pumping and drainage well, an underground passage, an underground chamber and the like, and an aqueous medium newly added under the influence of artificial activity conditions is reduced, so that the visual observation of evolution processes such as a filling-path-drainage relation, a flow state, a dynamic state and the like of a complex underground water system under the condition of artificial rainfall is realized, and the method is favorable for deeply researching the surrounding rock environment change, the aquifer structure damage and the water circulation change caused by human engineering activities.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a clear soil model prepared in the first example;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a clear soil model prepared in example two;
reference numerals are as follows: 1-transparent soil model; 11 — inclined formation; 12-upper seepage surface; 13-a binder layer; 14-a first transparent soil layer; 15-a second transparent soil layer; 16-a third transparent soil layer; 2-a model box; 3-underground chamber model; 4-shaft model; 5-fracture model.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The invention applies the transparent soil technology to the visualization method of the composite aquifer structure and the evolution thereof, which comprises the following steps
Transparent soil is adopted to manufacture a transparent soil model 1 in a transparent model box 2, simulation pieces such as a transparent underground passage, an underground chamber and a vertical shaft are embedded in the transparent soil model 1 when the transparent soil model 1 is manufactured, and the simulation pieces are provided with through holes for water permeation.
The mold box 2 may be a transparent acryl box. The transparent soil model 1 is determined according to the similarity principle by using a composite aquifer to be simulated, as shown in fig. 1 to 2.
The transparent soil model 1 is made of transparent soil, the existing transparent soil is generally prepared by aggregates with the same refractive index, pore fluid and an adhesive, for example, CN201710555610 a cemented transparent soil and a preparation method thereof, the adhesive can improve cohesive force and strength, but can affect the permeability of the soil body, therefore, the transparent soil model 1 of the invention is formed by mixing the aggregates and the pore fluid, has good water permeability, and can ensure the fluid to seep in the transparent soil model 1.
It is particularly emphasized that when the transparent soil model 1 is arranged in an inclined stratum 11 and a monoclinic aquifer or a folded single wing is penetrated by an artificial tunnel, the transparent soil material must be filled with pore fluid to have high transparency. Since the rock stratum of the transparent soil model 1 is inclined, internal pore fluid is easy to flow out of the inclined stratum 11, and the transparency of the transparent soil model 1 is reduced. In order to solve the problem, the whole transparent soil model 1 can be placed below the liquid level of the pore fluid, but the scheme can increase the using amount of the pore fluid and generate extra buoyancy force, thereby increasing the experimental difficulty. Therefore, the transparent adhesive layer 13 is covered on the surface of the inclined stratum 11, the adhesive layer 13 can obstruct the flow of pore fluid, so that the pore fluid in the transparent soil model 1 is prevented from flowing out of the inclined stratum 11, the transparency of the transparent soil model 1 is ensured, the whole transparent soil model 1 is not required to be soaked in the pore fluid, and the liquid level outside the model is reduced. The thickness of the adhesive layer 13 is set to 0.5cm because the infiltration time is long, and after the infiltration for a long time, water can flow out of the inclined stratum 11, which is more suitable for the natural environment. At this time, the top of the transparent soil model 1 is provided with a top seepage surface 12 for artificial rainfall to seep into the transparent soil model 1. Rainwater permeates into the interior of the transparent soil model 1 from the upper seepage surface 12 and seeps downward without flowing out of the inclined strata 11, thereby defining a seepage boundary for facilitating seepage observation.
The water, the rainwater, the artificial rainfall and the like in the invention refer to pore fluid marked by using a tracer in the experimental process, but not to real water (H) in the nature 2 O)。
The simulation member is used for simulating the underground space excavated by manpower and reducing newly-added aqueous media under the influence of artificial movement conditions, such as various chambers, channels and the like. Therefore, the coal mining facility simulation piece comprises an underground chamber model 3 and a shaft model 4, wherein through holes are formed in four surfaces of the underground chamber model 3, through holes are formed in the side wall of the lower portion of the shaft model 4, and the water-bearing layers can be communicated through the through holes in the chamber model 3 and the shaft model 4.
Specifically, the underground chamber model 3 is a rectangular acrylic box body which is formed by splicing 4 acrylic plates, and each acrylic plate is provided with a water permeable through hole; the vertical shaft model 4 is an acrylic cylinder, and the section of the vertical shaft model is circular. When the transparent soil model 1 is manufactured, the underground chamber model 3 is partially or integrally embedded in the transparent soil model 1, the lower part of the vertical shaft model 4 is vertically embedded in the transparent soil model 1, and the upper end of the vertical shaft model 4 extends out of the transparent soil model 1.
The sizes of the cracks of partial aquifers are different, and the large cracks can become the dominant channels of groundwater seepage. In order to improve the reduction degree of the model to a real aquifer, when the transparent soil model 1 is manufactured, a crack model 5 for simulating cracks is pre-embedded at the top of the transparent soil model 1, the crack model 5 is composed of a V-shaped acrylic plate, and a water permeable through hole is arranged on the crack model 5.
After the transparent soil model 1 is manufactured, an image acquisition system is arranged around the model box 2 and comprises a laser light source, an image acquisition device and the like, wherein the laser light source adopts 2 520nm and 1000mw linear laser transmitters which are arranged at the top and one side of the transparent soil model 1; the image acquisition device adopts 2-3 single-lens reflex digital cameras to match with a shutter line controller to serve as a static shooting system, simultaneously adopts 5 smart phones with more than 2400 ten thousand pixels to serve as a dynamic image acquisition system, the single-lens reflex digital cameras and the smart phones are installed around the model box 2 through supports, the installation positions are not fixed, and proper installation positions are selected according to experimental environments to ensure that the water flow dynamic state and the soil body deformation condition in the transparent soil model 1 are clearly and comprehensively acquired as far as possible.
After the image acquisition system is set, artificial rainfall is carried out above the transparent soil model 1, and various existing indoor artificial rainfall devices can be adopted for carrying out artificial rainfall, so that rainwater permeates into the transparent soil model 1. A pressure gauge for measuring a water head difference is buried in the transparent soil model 1.
A plurality of aquifers inside the transparent soil model 1 are communicated through the simulation piece, and water can seep in the whole aquifer structure model through the through holes. During artificial rainfall, fluid can enter simulation pieces such as a horizontal roadway, an underground chamber, a vertical hole and the like through the through hole and is transported in a communicated aquifer, so that the change of the runoff drainage of the aquifer is caused, the evolution of the aquifer is further influenced, and the flow speed and the dynamic change of the fluid are caused. When pumping and draining water, a water pump is utilized to pump water in underground passages, vertical shafts and the like, and the flow paths of water bodies in aquifers and the like can be observed. And monitoring the aquifer structure evolution process and the water circulation change under the condition of artificial influence by adopting the image acquisition system.
When the aquifer structure is simpler, a transparent soil can be adopted to establish the whole transparent soil model 1, but when the aquifer structure to be simulated is more complex, a single transparent soil aggregate is difficult to meet the simulation requirement. For simulating a complex coal measure stratum aquifer structure, the transparent soil model 1 comprises a first transparent soil layer 14, a second transparent soil layer 15 and a third transparent soil layer 16 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, aggregates of the first transparent soil layer 14 and the third transparent soil layer 16 are fused quartz sand with different particle sizes, and aggregates of the second transparent soil layer 15 are amorphous silica powder.
Specifically, the preparation process of the transparent soil adopted by each transparent soil layer is as follows: the fused quartz sand with different particle size ranges can be obtained by screening, and the screened fused quartz sand is rinsed by ultrapure water after being cleaned and then is dried for standby. Mixing fused quartz sand with the particle size of 0.25-0.50 mm with pore fluid to prepare first transparent soil; mixing fused quartz sand with the particle size of 0.50-1.00 mm with pore fluid to prepare second transparent soil; mixing fused quartz sand with the particle size of 1.00-2.00 mm with pore fluid to prepare third transparent soil; and mixing amorphous silicon powder with the particle size of 45.00-75.00 mu m with pore fluid to prepare the fourth transparent soil.
The more specific preparation process of the first transparent soil, the second transparent soil, the third transparent soil and the fourth transparent soil is as follows:
and (3) wetting the aggregate by using the pore fluid to obtain a sample a, wherein only a small amount of the pore fluid is added into the aggregate and is fully stirred, and the sample a is white.
And (3) exhausting the sample a for 6h in a vacuum environment, specifically, putting the sample a in a vacuum box, vacuumizing the vacuum box by using a vacuum pump, and exhausting the gas exhausted from the sample a. And (5) exhausting to obtain a sample b, wherein the sample b is light white.
And (3) adding pore fluid into the sample b in a vacuum environment, and continuously vacuumizing by using a vacuum pump until the liquid level of the pore fluid is higher than the upper surface of the sample b to obtain a sample c, wherein the sample c is semitransparent and has a large number of bubbles.
The sample c was allowed to stand for 12 hours or more to obtain transparent soil in a transparent state.
The first transparent soil, the second transparent soil, the third transparent soil and the fourth transparent soil are made of different aggregates, but are all prepared by the method.
The preparation process of the transparent soil model 1 with a complex aquifer structure comprises the following steps: paving first transparent soil, second transparent soil or third transparent soil at the bottom of the model box 2 to obtain a first transparent soil layer 14; paving fourth transparent soil on the surface of the first transparent soil layer 14 to obtain a second transparent soil layer 15; and paving first transparent soil, second transparent soil or third transparent soil on the surface of the second transparent soil layer 15 to obtain a third transparent soil layer 16, and pre-burying the coal mining facility simulation piece in the process.
The first transparent soil layer 14 and the third transparent soil layer 16 select first transparent soil, second transparent soil or third transparent soil according to actual stratum characteristics of a simulated area, if the simulated area is mainly brittle rocks and bedrock cracks are relatively developed, and if sandstone is adopted, the third transparent soil or the second transparent soil with larger aggregate grain size is selected; if the simulated area is mainly plastic rock, such as siltstone, the first transparent soil with small aggregate grain size is adopted. The first transparent soil, the second transparent soil and the third transparent soil can also be matched according to the lithological characteristics, the gap development characteristics, the permeability and the like of the stratum in the simulated area, for example, the first transparent soil 14 is the second transparent soil, and the third transparent soil 16 is the first transparent soil.
The second transparent soil layer 15 is used for simulating sliding surfaces of a mudstone interlayer and a weak interlayer, and has the function of water resistance or weak water permeability, so that the structure and the characteristics of the model are closer to those of an actual stratum.
The transparent soil model 1 is set to be of a multilayer structure, and the transparent soil material of each layer of structure can be flexibly selected, so that a physical model of a composite aquifer with multiple scales can be established, and various complex strata lithology and geological structures can be simulated more truly.
When a multi-layer complex stratum is manufactured, transparent soil needs to be paved layer by layer, the thickness of each layer is not more than 5cm, and each layer is required to be compacted and exhausted respectively. When the surface of the transparent soil model 1 is provided with the inclined stratum 11, the inclined stratum 11 is formed on the side surface of the transparent soil model 1 through manual excavation, the upper seepage surface 12 is formed at the top of the transparent soil model 1, and finally the adhesive layer 13 is paved on the surface of the inclined stratum 11, so that the monocline aquifer or the folded single-wing model is manufactured.
The adhesive layer 13 is made of a waterproof and transparent material with certain viscosity, specifically, the adhesive layer 13 is formed by mixing hydrophobic fumed silica, fused quartz sand and pore fluid, wherein the weight ratio of the fumed silica to the fused quartz sand is (1-3): 100, the weight ratio of pore fluid to fumed silica is 2.5: 1. hydrophobic fumed silica with the particle size of 100nm is selected as a bonding material, the refractive index of the hydrophobic fumed silica is 1.4585, the refractive index of the hydrophobic fumed silica is consistent with that of fused quartz sand, and the refractive index of transparent soil cannot be changed. The hydrophobic fumed silica can be adsorbed on the surface of the fused quartz sand, so that the fused quartz sand is bonded with each other. Mixing hydrophobic fumed silica, fused quartz sand and a small amount of pore fluid, adding the pore fluid to saturation under the vacuum-pumping condition, standing for 12 hours, and removing the redundant fluid to obtain the adhesive. The adhesive is laid on the surface layer of the inclined stratum 11, so that the flowing of pore liquid can be effectively inhibited, the surface seepage resistance and the sealing performance are improved, and the liquid level height of pore fluid outside the model is reduced.
The pore fluid can be prepared by the conventional materials and preparation methods, such as mixing white oil and n-dodecane according to a certain proportion, and reference can be made to the prior art of CN201710555610 and the like. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pore fluid comprises the following components, namely 3# white oil and 15# white oil, and the preparation method of the pore fluid comprises the following steps: food-grade No. 3 white oil and No. 15 white oil were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:3 at a temperature of 17.8 ℃, the refractive index of the pore fluid was measured using an Abbe refractometer (model WZS-1), adjusted to 1.4585, which was the same as that of fused silica sand, and then air was discharged in a vacuum saturated tank for 6 hours or more to reduce air bubbles in the liquid. The experimental steps can ensure that the light scattering of light on the interface of different light-transmitting media is fully reduced when the light passes through the fused quartz sand and the pore fluid two-phase medium, so that the model achieves higher transparency.
Example one
Mixing food grade No. 3 white oil and No. 15 white oil at a volume ratio of 1:3 at 17.8 deg.C to obtain a pore fluid, measuring refractive index of the pore fluid with Abbe refractometer (model WZS-1) to ensure that the refractive index is 1.4585, and exhausting in a vacuum saturated barrel for 6 h.
Infiltrating fused quartz sand with the particle size of 0.25-0.50 mm by using a small amount of pore fluid, exhausting for 12 hours in a vacuum environment, adding the pore fluid to enable the pore fluid to submerge the fused quartz sand, and standing for 12 hours to obtain first transparent soil; infiltrating fused quartz sand with the particle size of 0.50-1.00 mm by using a small amount of pore fluid, exhausting for 12 hours in a vacuum environment, adding the pore fluid to enable the pore fluid to submerge the fused quartz sand, and standing for 12 hours to obtain second transparent soil; infiltrating fused quartz sand with the particle size of 1.00-2.00 by using a small amount of pore fluid, exhausting for 12 hours in a vacuum environment, adding the pore fluid to enable the pore fluid to submerge the fused quartz sand, and standing for 12 hours to obtain third transparent soil; infiltrating amorphous silicon powder with the particle size of 45.00-75.00 mu m by using a small amount of pore fluid, exhausting for 12 hours in a vacuum environment, adding the pore fluid to enable the pore fluid to submerge the amorphous silicon powder, and standing for 12 hours to obtain fourth transparent soil.
The method comprises the following steps that 520nm and 1000mw linear laser transmitters are arranged at the top and in front of a transparent soil model 1, 2-3 single-lens reflex digital cameras matched with a shutter line controller are installed around the transparent soil model 1 to serve as a static shooting system, and 5 smart phones with more than 2400 ten thousand pixels are installed to serve as a dynamic image acquisition system.
Carrying out artificial rainfall above the transparent soil model 1, wherein rainwater adopts pore fluid marked by a tracer, the rainwater permeates into the transparent soil model 1, and meanwhile, the pore fluid is filled into a water inlet tank for lateral supply.
The water in the transparent soil model 1 passes through the through-hole shaft model 4, the multilayer aquifer is communicated by the shaft model 4, the water in the pumping and draining shaft model 4 is pumped out by utilizing pumping equipment, and the dynamic change process of the water, the aquifer structure and the evolution process of the aquifer structure are monitored by adopting the image acquisition system.
Example two
Mixing food grade No. 3 white oil and No. 15 white oil at a volume ratio of 1:3 at 17.8 deg.C to obtain a pore fluid, measuring refractive index of the pore fluid with Abbe refractometer (model WZS-1) to ensure that the refractive index is 1.4585, and exhausting in a vacuum saturated barrel for 6 h.
Infiltrating fused quartz sand with the particle size of 0.25-0.50 mm by using a small amount of pore fluid, exhausting for 12 hours in a vacuum environment, adding the pore fluid to enable the pore fluid to submerge the fused quartz sand, and standing for 12 hours to obtain first transparent soil; infiltrating fused quartz sand with the particle size of 0.50-1.00 mm by using a small amount of pore fluid, exhausting for 12 hours in a vacuum environment, adding the pore fluid to enable the pore fluid to submerge the fused quartz sand, and standing for 12 hours to obtain second transparent soil; infiltrating fused quartz sand with the particle size of 1.00-2.00 by using a small amount of pore fluid, exhausting for 12 hours in a vacuum environment, adding the pore fluid to enable the pore fluid to submerge the fused quartz sand, and standing for 12 hours to obtain third transparent soil; infiltrating amorphous silicon powder with the particle size of 45.00-75.00 mu m by using a small amount of pore fluid, exhausting for 12 hours in a vacuum environment, adding the pore fluid to enable the pore fluid to submerge the amorphous silicon powder, and standing for 12 hours to obtain fourth transparent soil.
Mixing hydrophobic fumed silica, fused quartz sand and pore fluid, wherein the weight ratio of the fumed silica to the fused quartz sand is (1-3): 100, the weight ratio of pore fluid to fumed silica is 2.5: 1, preparing an adhesive, paving the adhesive on the surface of an inclined stratum 11 with the paving thickness of 0.5cm as shown in figure 2, then integrally exhausting the model for 6 hours, and standing for 12 hours after the whole process is finished.
The method comprises the following steps that 520nm and 1000mw linear laser transmitters are arranged at the top and in front of a transparent soil model 1, 2-3 single-lens reflex digital cameras matched with a shutter line controller are installed around the transparent soil model 1 to serve as a static shooting system, and 5 smart phones with more than 2400 ten thousand pixels are installed to serve as a dynamic image acquisition system.
Carrying out artificial rainfall above the transparent soil model 1, enabling rainwater to permeate into the transparent soil model 1, and simultaneously loading pore fluid into a water inlet tank for lateral supply.
Water in the transparent soil model 1 enters the underground chamber model 3 through the through hole, and the dynamic change process of the water, the aquifer structure and the evolution process of the aquifer structure are monitored by the image acquisition system.
In conclusion, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the transparent soil model is applied to the test of the evolution of the aquifer structure of the coal measure stratum, so that the aquifer structure is directly visualized, the image acquisition system can be adopted to visually observe the aquifer structure and the evolution thereof, and the process of knowing the aquifer structure evolution under artificial activities so as to cause the change of hydrodynamic conditions is facilitated.
2. The transparent soil for preparing the model body consists of aggregates and pore fluid, does not contain a binder, has good water permeability, and can simulate the seepage condition of rainwater so as to conveniently research the seepage condition in the aquifer. The transparent soil aggregate adopted by the invention has simple components (fused quartz sand) and higher refractive index matching degree with pore fluid, so that the transparency of the model body is higher.
3. When the transparent soil model 1 has the inclined stratum 11, the pore fluid in the transparent soil model 1 easily overflows from the inclined stratum 11, the surface of the inclined stratum 11 is covered with the adhesive layer 13, the adhesive layer 13 has the functions of water retaining and blocking, the inclined stratum 11 can be sealed, rainwater permeating into the transparent soil model 1 can be prevented from seeping out from the surface of the inclined stratum 11, the distribution range of the pore fluid is controlled, the definition of the seepage range is realized, external fluid is prevented from flowing back into the model body, and the liquid level height of the pore fluid outside the model is reduced.
4. The transparent soil model 1 can have a multilayer structure, aggregates adopted by each layer of structure can be selected according to real rock stratums and structures, and the complex aquifer structure is really restored, so that the visual observation of the supplement-path-discharge, flow state and dynamic change of the complex underground water system can be realized.
5. The underground chamber model 3 and the vertical shaft model 4 simulate real underground facilities, the crack model 5 simulates cracks, the model reduction degree is higher, newly-added aqueous media under artificial activities can be truly reduced, and the obtained test result is more accurate.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for visualizing the structure and evolution of the composite aquifer by the transparent soil technology is characterized by comprising the following steps
Transparent soil is adopted to manufacture a transparent soil model (1) in a transparent model box (2), a transparent simulation piece is pre-embedded in the transparent soil model (1) when the transparent soil model (1) is manufactured, and a through hole for water permeation is formed in the simulation piece;
arranging a dynamic image acquisition system around the model box (2);
carrying out artificial rainfall above the transparent soil model (1), wherein rainwater permeates into the transparent soil model;
the water inside the transparent soil model (1) enters the simulation piece through the through hole, the simulation piece is communicated with a plurality of aquifers, and the image acquisition system is used for monitoring the flow state of the water inside the visual observation model and the change of water circulation.
2. The transparent soil technique as claimed in claim 1 applied to visualization of a composite aquifer structure and its evolution, characterized in that: the transparent soil model (1) is formed by mixing aggregate and pore fluid.
3. The transparent soil technique as claimed in claim 2 applied to a visualization method of a composite aquifer structure and its evolution, characterized in that: when the surface of the transparent soil model (1) has an inclined stratum (11), a binder layer (13) is laid on the surface of the inclined stratum (11).
4. A method for visualizing a composite aquifer structure and its evolution using the transparent soil technique as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the preparation process of the transparent soil model (1) comprises the following steps:
mixing fused quartz sand with the grain diameter of 0.25-0.50 mm with pore fluid to prepare first transparent soil; mixing fused quartz sand with the particle size of 0.50-1.00 mm with pore fluid to prepare second transparent soil; mixing fused quartz sand with the particle size of 1.00-2.00 mm with pore fluid to prepare third transparent soil; mixing amorphous silicon powder with the particle size of 45.00-75.00 mu m with pore fluid to prepare fourth transparent soil;
paving first transparent soil, second transparent soil or third transparent soil at the bottom of the model box (2) to obtain a first transparent soil layer (14); paving fourth transparent soil on the surface of the first transparent soil layer (14) to obtain a second transparent soil layer (15); and paving first transparent soil, second transparent soil or third transparent soil on the surface of the second transparent soil layer (15) to obtain a third transparent soil layer (16), and embedding the simulation piece in the process.
5. The transparent soil technique as claimed in claim 4 applied to a visualization method of a composite aquifer structure and its evolution, characterized in that: the preparation process of the first transparent soil, the second transparent soil, the third transparent soil and the fourth transparent soil is as follows:
wetting aggregate by using pore fluid to obtain a sample a;
exhausting the sample a for 6h in a vacuum environment to obtain a sample b;
adding pore fluid into the sample b in a vacuum environment until the liquid level of the pore fluid is higher than the upper surface of the sample b to obtain a sample c;
the sample c is allowed to stand for more than 12 hours to obtain transparent soil.
6. The transparent soil technique as claimed in claim 3 applied to a visualization method of a composite aquifer structure and its evolution, characterized in that: the adhesive layer (13) is formed by mixing hydrophobic fumed silica, fused quartz sand and pore fluid, wherein the weight ratio of the fumed silica to the fused quartz sand is (1-3): 100, the weight ratio of pore fluid to fumed silica is 2.5: 1.
7. the transparent soil technique as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 6 applied to visualization of a composite aquifer structure and its evolution, characterized in that: the preparation method of the pore fluid comprises the following steps: food grade # 3 white oil and # 15 white oil were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:3 at a temperature of 17.8 ℃ and then evacuated in a vacuum environment to yield a pore fluid with a refractive index of 1.4585.
8. The transparent soil technique as claimed in claim 1 applied to visualization of a composite aquifer structure and its evolution, characterized in that: the simulation part comprises an underground chamber model (3) and a vertical shaft model (4), through holes are formed in four surfaces of the lower chamber model (3), through holes are formed in the side wall of the lower part of the vertical shaft model (4), and the length of the side wall provided with the through holes is one fourth to one third of the total length of the vertical shaft model (4);
when the transparent soil model (1) is manufactured, the underground chamber model (3) is partially or integrally embedded in the transparent soil model (1), the lower part of the vertical shaft model (4) is vertically embedded in the transparent soil model (1), and the upper end of the vertical shaft model (4) extends out of the transparent soil model (1);
when the PIV system is adopted to observe the dynamic change process of water and the soil body structure evolution process, water in the water pumping and discharging well model (4) is pumped out by utilizing pumping equipment.
9. The transparent soil technique as claimed in claim 8 applied to a visualization method of a composite aquifer structure and its evolution, characterized in that: the underground chamber model (3) is a rectangular acrylic box body, and the vertical shaft model (4) is an acrylic cylinder body.
10. The transparent soil technique as claimed in claim 1 applied to visualization of a composite aquifer structure and its evolution, characterized in that: when the transparent soil model (1) is manufactured, a crack model (5) for simulating cracks is pre-buried at the top of the transparent soil model (1), the crack model (5) is a V-shaped acrylic plate, and through holes for water permeation are also formed in the crack model (5).
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