CN114937510A - High-power heat pipe cooling reactor - Google Patents
High-power heat pipe cooling reactor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114937510A CN114937510A CN202210199547.3A CN202210199547A CN114937510A CN 114937510 A CN114937510 A CN 114937510A CN 202210199547 A CN202210199547 A CN 202210199547A CN 114937510 A CN114937510 A CN 114937510A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat pipe
- heat pipes
- heat
- reactor core
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/257—Promoting flow of the coolant using heat-pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-power heat pipe cooling reactor which comprises a reactor core and heat pipes, wherein a plurality of cooling channels are distributed in the reactor core, independent heat pipes are respectively inserted into each cooling channel from two sides of the reactor core, the hot ends of the heat pipes are inserted into the reactor core, and the cold ends of the heat pipes are connected with a thermoelectric conversion device. Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts a cooling mode of bidirectional opposite-insertion heat pipes, the heat exchange capacity of each cooling channel is 2 times of the heat exchange capacity of the traditional heat pipe under the condition of fixed heat exchange capacity of a single heat pipe, the power of the reactor core is doubled under the condition of the same reactor core structure, the reliable heat dissipation under the condition of failure accidents of individual heat pipes is ensured, and the safety of the reactor core is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat pipe cooled reactors, in particular to a high-power heat pipe cooled reactor.
Background
The heat pipe cooling reactor adopts a solid state reactor design concept, derives the heat of the reactor core in a heat pipe passive mode, has the characteristics of passive safety, modular design, compact structure and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of deep space exploration, land-based nuclear power supply and the like.
With the progress of science and technology, the demand for a heat pipe cooled reactor with a compact structure is developing toward high power. However, currently, due to the limited heat exchange capability of the heat pipe, the power of the heat pipe stack is greatly limited, and therefore, the advantages of the heat pipe stack cannot be maximally exhibited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-power heat pipe cooling reactor.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the high-power heat pipe cooling reactor comprises a reactor core and heat pipes, wherein a plurality of cooling channels are distributed in the reactor core, independent heat pipes are respectively inserted into the cooling channels from two sides of the reactor core, the hot ends of the heat pipes are inserted into the reactor core, and the cold ends of the heat pipes are connected with a thermoelectric conversion device.
Preferably, the hot ends of two independent heat pipes in the same cooling channel are in contact with each other to realize butt joint.
Preferably, the heat pipes in the same cooling channel are all inserted into the middle of the core.
Preferably, the heat pipes with the same insertion direction are divided into the same group, and the cold ends of each group of heat pipes are respectively connected with the same thermoelectric conversion device.
Preferably, a shielding device is arranged between the thermoelectric conversion device and the core, and the heat pipe penetrates through the shielding device.
Preferably, the plurality of cooling channels are distributed in parallel.
Preferably, the heat pipe comprises a pipe shell, a liquid absorption core and working media, wherein the liquid absorption core is arranged in the pipe shell, and the working media are distributed in an accommodating space of the liquid absorption core and an accommodating space formed by the pipe shell and the liquid absorption core.
Preferably, the shell and wick are comprised of a high melting point metal having a melting point higher than the temperature generated by the core.
Preferably, said working fluid comprises an alkali metal.
Preferably, the main material of the shielding means comprises lead or tungsten.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the reactor core fuel is subjected to fission reaction to release heat to heat the heat pipes in the reactor, the temperature of the heat pipes in the reactor is increased, and the heat of the heat pipes in the reactor is transferred to the other end of the heat pipes outside the reactor through the natural circulation of the heat pipes, the heat exchange capacity of each cooling channel is 2 times of that of the traditional heat pipe under the condition that the heat exchange capacity of a single heat pipe is fixed, so that the number of the cooling channels in the reactor core is unchanged under the same reactor core structure, the reactor core power is doubled by the invention, and the high-power supply can meet the requirements under various schemes;
(2) according to the invention, under the same reactor core structure, the number of the heat pipes for transferring the heat of the reactor core is increased, and under the condition of failure accident of the heat pipes, more heat pipes are used for transferring the heat in the reactor core, so that the safety of the reactor core is higher;
(3) the reactor core is provided with the two groups of thermoelectric conversion devices for thermoelectric conversion, so that the thermoelectric conversion devices are prevented from being too bulky in size when the thermoelectric conversion devices are used on one side, and the reactor core cannot be applied to application scenes with limited space such as marine reactors, space reactors and the like;
(4) the invention provides a high-power reactor, which has high in-reactor power and strong neutron flux, fissile nuclides absorb neutrons to generate higher capture reaction rate, the generated fissile nuclides have higher rate, and the multiplication capacity of a reactor core is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-power heat pipe cooled reactor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat pipe according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a core, 2 is a heat pipe, 3 is a shielding device, 4 is a thermoelectric conversion device, 21 is a shell, 22 is a wick, and 23 is a working medium.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments. Note that the following description of the embodiments is merely a substantial example, and the present invention is not intended to be limited to the application or the use thereof, and is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a high power heat pipe 2 cooled reactor, which includes a core 1 and a heat pipe 2, wherein a plurality of cooling channels are distributed in the core 1, and a plurality of cooling channels are distributed in parallel. Independent heat pipes 2 are respectively inserted into each cooling channel from two sides of the reactor core 1, the hot ends of the heat pipes 2 are inserted into the reactor core 1, the heat pipes 2 are inserted into the cooling channels in parallel, and the cold ends of the heat pipes 2 are connected with a thermoelectric conversion device 4.
The hot ends of two independent heat pipes 2 in the same cooling channel are in mutual contact to realize butt joint, so that the safe operation of the reactor core 1 is ensured, according to the requirement of actual working conditions, the length of the heat pipe 2 inserted into the reactor core 1 can ensure the normal operation of the heat pipe 2, and the butt joint position of the two heat pipes 2 in each cooling channel of the reactor core 1 can be changed in the channel, as shown in fig. 1, the butt joint position of the two heat pipes 2 in the cooling channel is the central line position of the reactor core 1, so that the arrangement of the heat pipes 2 in the embodiment presents a symmetrical structure.
The heat pipes 2 with the same insertion direction are divided into the same group, each group of heat pipes 2 is respectively connected with the same thermoelectric conversion device 4, the shielding device 3 is arranged between the thermoelectric conversion device 4 and the reactor core 1, the heat pipes 2 penetrate through the shielding device 3, the shielding device 3 protects the thermoelectric conversion device 4, and the radioactive irradiation of the reactor core 1 to the thermoelectric conversion device 4 is reduced. The thermoelectric conversion device 4 includes a thermocouple, an alkali metal, and the like, and the shielding device 3 is mainly made of lead or tungsten, so as to reduce radiation damage to the thermoelectric conversion device 4 caused by radioactive rays generated by the core 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the heat pipe 2 includes a pipe shell 21, a wick 22 and a working medium 23, the wick 22 is disposed in the pipe shell 21, and the working medium 23 is distributed in an accommodation space of the wick 22 and an accommodation space formed by the pipe shell 21 and the wick 22. The shell 21 and the wick 22 are made of a metal having a high melting point higher than the temperature generated in the core 1, such as SS-316 steel, Mo-14Re alloy, etc., and the wick 22 performs exchange between the gas phase and the liquid phase of the working medium 23 by using capillary force. Working fluid 23 includes alkali metals such as potassium, sodium, and lithium. In the invention, two heat pipes 2 are inserted into each cooling channel of a reactor core 1 of the reactor in a bidirectional way, in the running process of the reactor, the fuel in the reactor core is subjected to fission reaction to release heat to heat the heat pipes 2 in the reactor, the temperature of the heat pipes 2 in the reactor is raised, the heat of the heat pipes 2 in the reactor is transferred to the other ends of the heat pipes 2 outside the reactor through the natural circulation of the heat pipes 2, and because the two heat pipes 2 are inserted into one cooling channel in the reactor, the heat exchange capacity of each cooling channel is 2 times of the designed heat exchange capacity of the traditional heat pipe 2. At the other end of the out-stack heat pipe 2 is a thermoelectric conversion device 4 that converts heat in the heat pipe 2 into electrical energy. Because the method improves the heat exchange capacity of the cooling channel of the reactor core 1 by one time, the operating power of the reactor core 1 is 2 times of that of the traditional heat pipe 2 reactor. The number of the thermoelectric conversion devices 4 of the system is increased to 2, the power generation capacity of the reactor core 1 can be improved to 2 times of that of the traditional device, and the application scene of the system can be expanded due to the improvement of the power generation power; the stronger output power of the reactor core 1 corresponds to the stronger neutron flux of the reactor core 1, so that the reactor core 1 has stronger multiplication capacity; the increase of the number of the heat pipes 2 in the reactor core can effectively ensure the safe operation of the reactor core 1.
The above embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention. These embodiments may be implemented in other various manners, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-power heat pipe cooling reactor is characterized by comprising a reactor core (1) and heat pipes (2), wherein a plurality of cooling channels are distributed in the reactor core (1), the independent heat pipes (2) are respectively inserted into each cooling channel from two sides of the reactor core (1), the hot ends of the heat pipes (2) are inserted into the reactor core (1), and the cold ends of the heat pipes (2) are connected with a thermoelectric conversion device (4).
2. A high power heat pipe cooled reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot ends of two independent heat pipes (2) in the same cooling channel are in contact with each other to realize butt joint.
3. A high power heat pipe cooled reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat pipes (2) in the same cooling channel are inserted into the middle of the core (1).
4. A high power heat pipe cooled reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat pipes (2) with the same insertion direction are divided into the same group, and the cold ends of each group of heat pipes (2) are respectively connected with the same thermoelectric conversion device (4).
5. A high power heat pipe cooled reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that a shielding device (3) is provided between the thermoelectric conversion device (4) and the core (1), and the heat pipe (2) passes through the shielding device (3).
6. A high power heat pipe cooled reactor according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of cooling channels are arranged in parallel.
7. A high power heat pipe cooled reactor according to claim 1, wherein the heat pipe (2) comprises a pipe shell (21), a wick (22) and a working medium (23), the wick (22) is disposed in the pipe shell (21), and the working medium (23) is distributed in the accommodating space of the wick (22) and the accommodating space formed by the pipe shell (21) and the wick (22).
8. A high power heat pipe cooled reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that the shell (21) and the wick (22) are made of metals with high melting point, which is higher than the temperature generated by the core (1).
9. A high power heat pipe cooled reactor according to claim 7, characterised in that the working fluid (23) comprises alkali metals.
10. A high power heat pipe cooled reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that the main material of the shielding means (3) comprises lead or tungsten.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210199547.3A CN114937510A (en) | 2022-03-02 | 2022-03-02 | High-power heat pipe cooling reactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210199547.3A CN114937510A (en) | 2022-03-02 | 2022-03-02 | High-power heat pipe cooling reactor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114937510A true CN114937510A (en) | 2022-08-23 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210199547.3A Pending CN114937510A (en) | 2022-03-02 | 2022-03-02 | High-power heat pipe cooling reactor |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN114937510A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116230261A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-06-06 | 上海交通大学 | Power supply system suitable for miniature ocean reactor |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110310751A (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2019-10-08 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of nuclear reactor power supply of the two-way insertion reactor core of heat pipe |
| CN111473669A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-31 | 西安交通大学 | Liquid metal high-temperature heat pipe |
-
2022
- 2022-03-02 CN CN202210199547.3A patent/CN114937510A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110310751A (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2019-10-08 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of nuclear reactor power supply of the two-way insertion reactor core of heat pipe |
| CN111473669A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-31 | 西安交通大学 | Liquid metal high-temperature heat pipe |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116230261A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-06-06 | 上海交通大学 | Power supply system suitable for miniature ocean reactor |
| CN116230261B (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2024-04-26 | 上海交通大学 | Power supply system suitable for miniature ocean reactor |
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